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7J Electrical Circuits
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20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
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Contents
7J Electrical Circuits
Introducing circuits
Series circuits
Parallel circuits
Energy in circuits
Summary activities
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What is an electrical circuit?
An electrical circuit is like a central heating system in a house.
There is a pump
that pushes water low high
around the system. pressure boiler pressure
and
The water pump
everywhere starts
to move at the
same time.
There are pipes radiator
radiator
that carry the
water.
flow of
In the pipes the
water
water is flowing.
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What is an electrical circuit?
The bulb in the circuit is like a radiator. An electrical device
uses electrical energy supplied by the circuit.
Instead of a flow of
water, electricity flows
in an electrical circuit.
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Components in an electrical circuit
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Contents
7J Electrical Circuits
Introducing circuits
Series circuits
Parallel circuits
Energy in circuits
Summary activities
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2004
What is a series circuit?
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Examples of series circuits
Here are some other simple series circuits:
1. Two resistances (resistors) connected in series:
R1 R2
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Measuring current
The unit of measure for current is the amp, which has the
symbol A.
Current is measured using a device called an ammeter.
In a circuit diagram, an ammeter is shown by the symbol A .
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Experiment 1: Current in series circuit
Circuit 1
1 A
R1 A
2
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Experiment 1: Current in a series circuit
Circuit 2
1 A A 3
R1 A R2
2
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Experiment 1: Current in a series circuit – results
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
1 A 1 A A 3
R1 A R1 A R2
2 2
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Experiment 1: Current in a series circuit – summary
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
A A A
R1 A R1 A R2
Circuit 1
The current at different positions in the circuit, before and
after the resistor, was the _______.
Current is _____ used up by the components in the circuit.
Circuit 2
Increasing the number of components in the circuit
________ the current.
The current at all points in a series circuit is the _______.
This is still
a series circuit. V2
V3
The voltage supplied by the battery is shared between all
the components in a series circuit.
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Measuring voltage across a resistance or a bulb
A
Components
R
component
here
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Experiment 2: Voltage in a series circuit
Circuit 1
V
R1
V
1. Set up the circuit as shown above.
2. Connect the voltmeter across the power supply
(battery) and measure the supply voltage.
3. Then connect the voltmeter across the resistance (R)
and measure this voltage.
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Experiment 2: Voltage in a series circuit
Circuit 2
V
R1 R2
V1 V2
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Experiment 2: Voltage in a series circuit – results
Circuit 1 V
Circuit 2 V
R1 R1 R2
V V1 V2
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Experiment 2: Voltage in a series circuit – summary
Circuit 1 V
Circuit 2 V
R R1 R2
V V1 V2
R A
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Experiment 3: Cells in a series circuit
Circuit 2
V
R A
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Experiment 3: Cells in a series circuit – results
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
V V
R A R A
V V
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Experiment 3: Cells in a series circuit – summary
Circuit 1 Circuit 2
V V
R A R A
V V
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Series circuits – key ideas
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Make your own series circuit
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Contents
7J Electrical Circuits
Introducing circuits
Series circuits
Parallel circuits
Energy in circuits
Summary activities
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What is a parallel circuit?
A parallel circuit is one which contains a point (a junction)
where the current can split (point A) or join (point B).
This means that there is more than one path around the
circuit.
A B
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Measuring current in a parallel circuit
1. Place the ammeter, in turn, at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
A1 A4
A2
A3
2. Record the ammeter readings in the table.
Ammeter Current (A)
A1
A2
A3
A4
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Current in a parallel circuit
For a parallel circuit, the current that leaves the cell is the
same as the current that returns to the cell.
A1 A4
A2 A1 = A4
A3
The current does not get used up by the circuit, just the
energy that the electrons are carrying.
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Current in a parallel circuit
The current splits up at the first junction and then joins
together at the second junction.
If the bulbs are identical then the current will split evenly.
If the bulbs are not identical, then the current will not split
evenly.
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Measuring voltage in a parallel circuit
Connect up this circuit and measure, in turn, the voltage
at V1, V2 and V3. Record your results in the table.
V1
Voltmeter Voltage(V)
V2 V1
V2
V3 V3
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Make your own parallel circuit
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Contents
7J Electrical Circuits
Introducing circuits
Series circuits
Parallel circuits
Energy in circuits
Summary activities
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Energy transfer in circuits
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Energy transfer in electrical circuits
5 J transferred to bulb
as light energy
chemical energy
heat energy
from battery 95 J transferred to
of bulb
(e.g. 100J)
Most of the energy from the battery does not produce light
– most of it is wasted as heat!
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What’s the energy transfer?
Batteries can power many electrical devices.
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Contents
7J Electrical Circuits
Introducing circuits
Series circuits
Parallel circuits
Energy in circuits
Summary activities
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2004
Glossary
ammeter – A device that measures electric current.
circuit – A complete loop of conducting components that
electricity flows around.
current – The flow of electricity, measured in amps (A).
parallel – A branched circuit – it has components
connected on separate branches.
resistor – A component that makes it difficult for electricity
to flow and so reduces the current.
series – A circuit without any branches – it has
components connected in a row.
voltage – The amount of ‘push’ that a cell gives a circuit,
measured in volts (V).
voltage – A device that measures voltage.
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Anagrams
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Compare a series and a parallel circuit
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Multiple-choice quiz
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