Chapter 11 Solutions and Their Properties

1) Which of the following mixtures have components which can be separated by filtration?
A) colloids
B) solutions
C) suspensions
D) all of the above
Answer: C

2) Stainless steel is an example of a ________ solution.

A) gas/solid
B) liquid/liquid
C) solid/liquid
D) solid/solid
Answer: D

3) In most liquid solutions, the component present in the larger amount is called the
A) dispersed medium.
B) emulsifying agent.
C) solute.
D) solvent.
Answer: D

4) The rubbing alcohol sold in drug stores often is composed of 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30%
water. In this solution
A) isopropyl alcohol is the solvent.
B) water is the solvent.
C) both water and isopropyl alcohol are solvents.
D) neither water nor isopropyl alcohol is a solvent.
Answer: A

5) Which is not a solution?

A) brass
B) fog
C) hydrochloric acid
D) wine
Answer: B

6) For a liquid solution made by dissolving a solid or a gas in a liquid, the

A) liquid is the solute.
B) liquid is the solvent.
C) solute is the component present in the greatest amount.
D) solvent is the component present in the greatest amount.
Answer: B
7) Iodine, I2(s), is more soluble in dichloromethane, CH2Cl2(l), than in water because
A) both iodine and dichloromethane have strong ion-dipole interactions.
B) the dipole-dipole forces in dichloromethane are much stronger than the dispersion forces in
iodine.
C) the intermolecular forces are similar in both iodine and dichloromethane.
D) iodine is polar and dichloromethane has a large number of hydrogen bonds.
Answer: C

8) For which case would ΔHsoln be expected to be negative?

A) if solute-solute interactions are much greater than solvent-solvent and solute-solvent
interactions
B) if solvent-solvent interactions are much greater than solute-solvent and solute-solute
interactions
C) if solute-solvent interactions are much greater than solvent-solvent and solute-solute
interactions
D) if solute-solvent interactions are the same as solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions
Answer: C

9) KBr does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

A) solute-solute interactions are much larger than solvent-solvent or solute-solvent interactions.
B) solvent-solvent interactions are much larger than solute-solvent or solute-solute interactions.
C) solute-solvent interactions are much larger than solvent-solvent or solute-solute interactions.
D) solute-solvent interactions are similar to solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions.
Answer: A

11) In the process of dissolving ionic compounds, the cations and anions are separated from the
crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules. If the solvent is water,
the dissolved ions are said to be
A) halogenated.
B) homogenized.
C) hybridized.
D) hydrated.
Answer: D
12) Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy?
I. Mg2+ or Ba2+
II. K+ or Al3+
A) Mg2+ in set I and K+ in set II
B) Mg2+ in set I and Al3+ in set II
C) Ba2+ in set I and K+ in set II
D) Ba2+ in set I and Al3+ in set II
Answer: B
13) Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration
energy?
I. Fe2+ or Fe3+
II. Li+ or NH4+
A) Fe2+ in set I and Li+ in set II
B) Fe2+ in set I and NH4+ in set II
C) Fe3+ in set I and Li+ in set II
D) Fe3+ in set I and NH4+ in set II
Answer: C

17) Arrange the following compounds in order of their expected increasing solubility in water:
KCl, CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 < KCl < CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 < CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH
B) KCl < CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 < CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH < CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 < CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 < KCl < CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH
D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 < CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3 < CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH < KCl
Answer: D

18) Which of the following should most favor the solubility of an ionic solid in water?
A) a low lattice energy for the solid and a low hydration energy for its ions
B) a low lattice energy for the solid and a high hydration energy for its ions
C) a high lattice energy for the solid and a low hydration energy for its ions
D) a high lattice energy for the solid and a high hydration energy for its ions
Answer: B

19) Which should be least soluble in water?

A)

B)

C)

D)
Answer: A

21) Molarity is defined as moles of solute per

A) kilogram of solvent.
B) liter of solution.
C) mole of solvent.
D) total moles present.
Answer: B

22) Molality is defined as moles of solute per

A) kilogram of solvent.
B) liter of solution.
C) mole of solvent.
D) total moles present.
Answer: A

23) Which concentration becomes smaller as the temperature is increased from 20°C to 80°C?
A) mass %
B) molality
C) molarity
D) mole fraction
Answer: C

24) What is the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution made by dissolving 14.6 g of ethanol,
C2H5OH, in 53.6 g of water?
A) 0.0964
B) 0.106
C) 0.214
D) 0.272
Answer: A

25) What is the molality of ethanol in a solution made by dissolving 14.6 g of ethanol, C2H5OH,
in 53.6 g of water?
A) 0.00591 m
B) 0.272 m
C) 5.91 m
D) 272 m
Answer: C
26) What is the mole fraction of I2 in a solution made by dissolving 27.8 g of I2 in 245 g of
hexane, C6H14?
A) 0.0371
B) 0.0385
C) 0.0715
D) 0.0770
Answer: A

27) What is the mole fraction of oxygen in a gas mixture that is 22% oxygen and 78% nitrogen
by volume?
A) 0.20
B) 0.22
C) 0.25
D) 0.28
Answer: B

28) A solution is prepared by dissolving 17.75 g sulfuric acid, H2SO4, in enough water to make
100.0 mL of solution. If the density of the solution is 1.1094 g/mL, what is the mole fraction
H2SO4 in the solution?
A) 0.0181
B) 0.0338
C) 0.0350
D) 19.0
Answer: B

29) A solution is prepared by dissolving 17.75 g sulfuric acid, H2SO4, in enough water to make
exactly 100.0 mL of solution. If the density of the solution is 1.1094 g/mL, what is the weight %
H2SO4 in the solution?
A) 16.00%
B) 18.00%
C) 19.00%
D) 84.00%
Answer: A

30) What is the weight percent of a caffeine solution made by dissolving 4.35 g of caffeine,
C8H10N4O2, in 75 g of benzene, C6H6?
A) 0.055%
B) 0.058%
C) 5.5%
D) 5.8%
Answer: C
31) What volume of 0.716 M KBr solution is needed to provide 10.5 g of KBr?
A) 7.52 mL
B) 14.7 mL
C) 63.2 mL
D) 123 mL
Answer: D

32) How much water must be added to 42.0 g of CaCl2 to produce a solution that is 35.0 wt%
CaCl2?
A) 56.7 g
B) 78.0 g
C) 83.3 g
D) 120 g
Answer: B

33) To make a 2.0 M solution, one could take 2.00 moles of solute and add
A) 1.00 L of solvent.
B) 1.00 kg of solvent.
C) enough solvent to make 1.00 L of solution.
D) enough solvent to make 1.00 kg of solution.
Answer: C

34) To make a 2.00 m solution, one could take 2.00 moles of solute and add
A) 1.00 L of solvent.
B) 1.00 kg of solvent.
C) enough solvent to make 1.00 L of solution.
D) enough solvent to make 1.00 kg of solution.
Answer: B

35) What molality of pentane is obtained by dissolving 5.0 g pentane, C5H12, in 245.0 g hexane,
C6H14?
A) 0.020 m
B) 0.024 m
C) 0.28 m
D) 20. m
Answer: C

36) A solution is 2.25% by weight NaHCO3. How many grams of NaHCO3 are in 450.0 g of
solution?
A) 0.500 g
B) 10.1 g
C) 200 g
D) 225 g
Answer: B
37) What is the molality of a glucose solution prepared by dissolving 18.0 g of glucose,
C6H12O6, in 125.9 g of water?
A) 7.94 × 10-4 m
B) 0.143 m
C) 0.695 m
D) 0.794 m
Answer: D

38) A 2.00 M solution of CaCl2 in water has a density of 1.17 g/mL. What is the mole fraction of
CaCl2?
A) 0.0348
B) 0.0360
C) 0.0366
D) 0.0380
Answer: C

39) A solution of LiCl in water has XLiCl = 0.0500. What is the molality?
A) 2.60 m LiCl
B) 2.77 m LiCl
C) 2.92 m LiCl
D) 5.26 m LiCl
Answer: C

40) A solution of LiCl in water is 18.0 wt% LiCl. What is the mole fraction of LiCl?
A) 0.0853
B) 0.0933
C) 0.425
D) 4.56
Answer: A

41) A saturated solution is defined as

A) a concentrated solution.
B) a solution that is in equilibrium with pure solvent.
C) a solution than is in equilibrium with undissolved solute.
D) a solution that is in equilibrium with both pure solvent and undissolved solute.
Answer: C

42) Which of the following does not affect the solubility of a solute in a given solvent?
A) polarity of the solute
B) polarity of the solvent
C) rate of stirring
D) temperature of the solvent and solute
Answer: C
43) Which of the following statements is true for a supersaturated solution?
A) The solute in the solution is at equilibrium with undissolved solute.
B) The solution contains more than the equilibrium amount of solute.
C) The solution is stable and the solute will not precipitate.
D) A supersaturated solution is more than 50% solute by mass.
Answer: B

44) The Henry's Law constant of methyl bromide, CH3Br, is k = 0.159 mol/(L ∙ atm) at 25°C.
What is the solubility of methyl bromide in water at 25°C and at a partial pressure of 250. mm
Hg?
A) 0.0523 mol/L
B) 0.329 mol/L
C) 0.483 mol/L
D) 39.8 mol/L
Answer: A

45) The solubility of argon in water at 25°C is 0.0150 mol/L. What is the Henry's Law constant
for argon if the partial pressure of argon in air is 0.00934 atm?
A) 1.40 × 10-4 mol/(L ∙ atm)
B) 0.623 mol/(L ∙ atm)
C) 1.61 mol/(L ∙ atm)
D) 4.10 mol/(L ∙ atm)
Answer: C

46) In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of gases in water ________ and the
solubility of most solids in water ________.
A) decreases, decreases
B) decreases, increases
C) increases, decreases
D) increases, increases
Answer: B

47) The solubility of gaseous solutes in liquid solvents is greater when the
A) external pressure over the solution is increased.
B) external pressure is decreased.
C) partial pressure of the gas above the solution is increased.
D) partial pressure of the solvent is increased.
Answer: C

48) If one mole of each is dissolved in 1.00 L of water, which will lower the vapor pressure the
most?
A) C12H22O11
B) NaNO3
C) C3H7OH
D) MgCl2
Answer: D
49) When 2.36 g of a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in 100 g of solvent, the largest change in
freezing point will be achieved when the solvent is
A) benzene, Kf = 5.07.
B) camphor, Kf = 37.8.
C) chloroform, Kf = 4.70.
D) All are expected to have the same freezing point.
Answer: B

50) A 0.50 m solution of which solute has the largest van't Hoff factor?
A) CaCl2
B) K3PO4
C) LiCO3
D) NaNO3
Answer: B

51) What is the expected freezing point of a 0.50 m solution of Na2SO4 in water? Kf for water is
1.86°C/m.
A) -0.93°C
B) -1.9°C
C) -2.8°C
D) -6.5°C
Answer: C

52) The normal boiling point of pure benzene is found to be 80.10°C. What is the approximate
molecular weight of a nonionizing substance if a solution of 3.55 g of the substance dissolved in
100. g of benzene has a normal boiling point of 80.19°C? Kb = 5.12°C/m for benzene, C6H6.
A) 20 amu
B) 500 amu
C) 2000 amu
D) 20,000 amu
Answer: C

53) Chloroform has a boiling point of 61.1°C and dichloromethane has a boiling point of 40.0°C.
When 0.100 mol of dichloromethane is added to 0.900 mol of chloroform, the resulting solution
will have a boiling point
A) between 40.0°C and 61.1°C, but closer to 61.1°C.
B) between 40.0°C and 61.1°C, but closer to 40.0°C.
C) greater than 61.1°C.
D) less than 40.0°C.
Answer: A
54) Red blood cells are placed into pure water. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Water molecules flow out of the red blood cells, causing them to collapse.
B) Water flows into the red blood cells, causing them to swell and burst.
C) The osmotic pressure of the cell contents increases, causing the cells to burst.
D) The osmotic pressure inside the cells equals the osmotic pressure outside.
Answer: B

55) How will the osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution change as evaporation occurs?
A) The osmotic pressure will increase.
B) The osmotic pressure will not change.
C) The osmotic pressure will decrease.
D) The osmotic pressure will increase or decrease until it equals the vapor pressure of water.
Answer: A
56) The average osmotic pressure of blood is about 7 atm. Therefore
A) the average blood pressure is about 7 atm.
B) the average pressure inside the body is about 7 atm above the external pressure.
C) a pressure of about 7 atm would be required to prevent osmosis if blood is in contact with
pure water across a semipermeable membrane.
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: C

57) When ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to the water in an automobile radiator, the
effect is to
A) lower the boiling point and lower the freezing point.
B) lower the boiling point and raise the freezing point.
C) raise the boiling point and lower the freezing point.
D) raise the boiling point and raise the freezing point.
Answer: C

58)

Which drawing above represents the system with the highest entropy?
A) drawing (a)
B) drawing (b)
C) drawing (c)
D) drawing (d)
Answer: C

59) The following diagram shows a close-up view of the vapor pressure curves for two pure
liquids and two different solutions composed of these two liquids. Which curves represent pure
liquids and which curves represent the solutions?

A) Curves (a) and (b) are the pure liquids and curves (c) and (d) are the solutions.
B) Curves (a) and (c) are the pure liquids and curves (b) and (d) are the solutions.
C) Curves (a) and (d) are the pure liquids and curves (b) and (c) are the solutions.
D) Curves (c) and (d) are the pure liquids and curves (a) and (b) are the solutions.
Answer: C

60) Two beakers, one with pure water (light gray) and the other with an aqueous solution of KBr
(dark gray), are placed in a closed container represented by drawing (a). Which of the drawings
(a)-(d) represents what the beakers will look like after a substantial amount of time has passed?

A) drawing (a)
B) drawing (b)
C) drawing (c)
D) drawing (d)
Answer: B

61) A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids
octane (bp = 69°C) and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown.
Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,
what region of the diagram corresponds to liquid?
A) region a
B) region b
C) region c
D) regions a and c
Answer: C

References: General Chemistry: Atoms First (McMurry/Fay/Pribush)