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INTRODUCTION

 Acetic acid – important raw material used for the production of vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, polymer-
grade terephthalic acid (PTA), etc.
 Methanol carbonylation process – world's leading acetic acid production process, synthesis from
methanol and carbon monoxide
 Chiyoda Acetic Acid Process ACETICA® - developed and owned by Chiyoda, to produce acetic acid by
the carbonylation of methanol and carbon monoxide.
 Based on the presence of a proprietary heterogeneous rhodium catalyst in the active rhodium complex
that is chemically immobilized on a polyvinylpyridine resin. To minimize attrition of the solid catalyst material,
a bubble column reactor is employed.

CHIYODA ACETIC ACID PROCESS ACETICA


 The methanol carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide is conducted at moderate
temperatures (170 to 190°C) and pressures (3.0 to 4.5 MPa). The usual acetic acid yields based on
methanol and CO consumption are greater than 99 and 92 percent, respectively.
 The principal reactions:
Carbonylation:

Esterification:

Etherification:

CATALYST PREPARATION
 Promoter (CH3I): The ACETICA process uses methyl iodide as the promoter
for the carbonylation reaction. The method of producing CH3I in a methyl iodide
generator is:

 Heterogeneous Catalyst (Rhodium Immobilized on Resin): The ACETICA process is based on a


heterogeneous rhodium catalyst.

The process consists of the following units:


 Feed/absorption/reaction unit
 Distillation unit
 Product-treating unit
 Methyl iodide (MI)–generation unit
 Iodide-removal unit Waste-treating unit

Figure 1.1.2. Simplifi


ed process flow
diagram
Feed/Absorption/Reaction Unit
 Feed:
 Carbon Monoxide
The CO compressor compresses carbon monoxide received
by pipeline at the battery limit to the reaction level. After the
moisture is removed, the CO is sparged into the
carbonylation reactor.
 Fresh Methanol
Fresh methanol is split into two streams, each of which is
fed to a separate countercurrent high-pressure (HP)
absorber and low-pressure (LP) absorber.

 Absorption Unit
The main purpose of this absorption system is to maximize
recovery of valuable methyl acetate and methyl iodide,
which otherwise would exit the system with the vented gas,
resulting in unnecessarily high chemical consumption and
yield loss.

 Carbonylation reactor
The carbonylation reactor, using a three-phase bubble-
column system, consists of a riser, separator, downcomer,
and reactor cooler.

Figure 1.1.3. Drawing of bubble-column reactor.

Distillation Unit
The purposes of the distillation unit are
 Production of purified acetic acid from crude acetic acid by purification
 Maintenance of the stable condition in terms of water content and impurities
 Recovery of valuable hydrocarbons, including methyl iodide

Iodide-Removal Unit
Product acetic acid still contains traces of iodide compounds, which might harm the catalyst in a vinyl acetate
plant. In this section, any remaining traces of iodide compounds are adsorbed by a proprietary adsorbent to
reduce the level of the iodide contents to less than 3 ppb.

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