HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT:
The objective of the period is to provide essential medical service online to
users irrespective of their location. Users can connect through their home internet
or approach any nearby kiosk to get their services. The motivation to build
the system is to treat the patients where very few or no doctors are available at
remote locations ,limited hours service and lack of sophisticated medical
equipments and no patients history lab data management .The goal of this system
is to improve the efficiency of the health care system by reducing overall time and
cost used to create documents and retrieve information.

HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODULES:

The system is proposed to have the following modules along with

the functional requirements.

The main modules in the system are:

1. Admin

2. Doctor

3. Patient

4. Kiosk manager (or) Application user

1
1.ADMIN:

The admin will have control over the entire system .There is no registration
for him but he should have username and password to login into the system and to
provide security.We can view everyone profile associated with the hospital .He can
interact with the doctors and patients through chats ,mails ,discussion ,forums..etc.

In case of any medical errors like wrong medication and lab reports, patients
can register a complaint .The patients grievances and feedback goes to admin and
then he forwards them to specific doctors to answer. He takes backup of every data
view logs and generate reports according to them. Administrator also provides
online help manual for patients.

2.DOCTOR:

All the doctors associated to the hospital should register. Only registered
people can have access to the site. The doctors can view and update their profiles.
The entire patients database is accessible to them. They can give online
appointments ,e-prescription. They can view patients history to know their health
status and suggest new medication .He can set online appointment request enable
or disable .He can communicate with admin ,patients and other users through chats
,mails ,forums and discussions,…..etc.
3.PATIENT:

A patient must register with the system .Patient can take online
appointments view their previous health records .Patients can manage their profiles
and can interact with doctors using live chat .In case of any medical error patient
can register a complaint.Patients grievance and feedback goes to admin he can
forward it to any doctor to answer.

2
4.KIOSK MANAGER (OR) APPLICATION USERS:

Kiosk manager views and adjust appointments performs day open and close
activities and calculate his commission.

1. The general users are those who have not registered in his site. They can
view general information about doctors.

2. They view the health tips.

3. They can register their suggestion about this site.

4. They can register themselves and became a member of health consulting

system.

3
 INTRODUCTION

The health care management system is useful to the people who are far away
from the hospital and the patients can get treatment when the doctor is not
available at the hospital. Also this system will be useful to the people who are busy
with their professional work. Because, they can get doctor suggestions through
online and can share their problems with doctors. The self-diagnosis feature helps
the patient for taking medicine without consulting doctor, but it can provide
treatment to some diseases that means rectifiable diseases without doctor
suggestion with some dosage of tablets.

The main feature of the healthcare management system is treat is can be

used by the patient to take online appointments of doctors, view their previous
health records, lab records etc. The doctor can given online appointments-
prescription and view the patient’s history. This site will help you to find the blood
donator and eye donator. The users can register and store their details and retrieve
these details and when required and also to manipulate these details meaning fully.
The system design is motivated by factory like very few doctors are not doctors at
remote locations, limited hour services and lack of sophisticated medical
equipments and no patients or lab data management.

4
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

i. PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM:

It is a web page project developed in java it is providing a platform for

online appointments between doctor and patient for online appointments, e-
prescription save and view the patient’s previous health records, lab reports etc.

ii. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM:

The document play a vital role in the development .It describes the
complete requirements of the system. It is not meant for use by the developers and
will be the basis during testing phase .Try changes made to the requirement in the
failure will have to go through formula change approval process.

iii. EXISTING SYSTEM:

In present system there is hardly any medical services available in remote

locations persons needing medical services often need to travel long distances
.Even in urban areas the services in same time not available. Immediately patients
and doctors are hardly in communicate with each others. And also patient had to
wait for long time in order to communicate to the doctor.

iv. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The proposed system is a web based application which is a available all the
time. The system provide details of medical Services online and allow users to
interact with doctors and other medical personal the patients and doctors are
interacting with chatting applications at their relative places .initially the doctors
had got communicate in chat.

5
v. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT:

1. The site should have proper user profile management and registration.

2. There must be appointment of patients with doctors for new patients, it is

better to have data regarding previous health records.

3. Required number of doctors should be available for service of patients.

4. There should be a facility of making a complaint to the admin for the any
kind of medical error.

5. The site needs to have number of medical manuals in local language.

6. Admin is support to take backups of all the data and it should be capable of
generating system.

vi. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

It describes aspects of the system that are not directly reflected to the
functional behavior of the system. It include abroad verify of requirements that
apply to many different aspects of the system from usability to performance.

1 .Usability:

It is a case with which a user can learn to operate, prepare, inputs for and
interpretable o/p of a system or component.

2 .Reliability:

Reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform its require

functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time.

6
2.1 Dependability:

It is the property of the computer system such that reliance can justifiably be
placed on the service it delivers.

2.2 Robustness:

The degree to which a system (or) component can function correctly the
presence of invalid input (or) stressfully environment conditions.

2.3 Safety:

A measure of the absence of cut atrophic consequences to the environment.

3. Performance:

Requirements are concerned with quantifiable attributes of the systems.

3.1 Response time:

How quickly the system reacts to the user input.

3.2 Throughput:

How much work the system can accomplish within a specific amount time.

3.3 Availability:

The degree to which a system (or) component is operational accessible when

required focus.

4.Supportability:

Supportability requirements are concerned with the case of changes to the

system other.

7
4.1 Adaptability:

The ability to change the system to deal with additional application domain
concepts.

4.2 Maintainability:

The ability to change the system to deal with new technology or to fix.These
four are strongly represented on UPRS.

8
 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS DOCUMENT

i. PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM:

It is a web page project developed in java it is providing a platform for

online appointments between doctor and patient for online appointments, e-
prescription save and view the patient’s previous health records, lab reports etc.

ii. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM:

The document play a vital role in the development .It describes the
complete requirements of the system. It is not meant for use by the developers and
will be the basis during testing phase .Try changes made to the requirement in the
failure will have to go through formula change approval process.

iii. EXISTING SYSTEM:

In present system there is hardly any medical services available in remote

locations persons needing medical services often need to travel long distances
.Even in urban areas the services in same time not available. Immediately patients
and doctors are hardly in communicate with each others. And also patient had to
wait for long time in order to communicate to the doctor.

iv. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The proposed system is a web based application which is a available all the
time. The system provide details of medical Services online and allow users to
interact with doctors and other medical personal the patients and doctors are
interacting with chatting applications at their relative places .initially the doctors
had got communicate in chat.

9
v. FEASIBILITY STUDY:

An initial investigation in a proposal that determines whether an alternative

system is feasible. A proposal summarizing the thinking of the analyst is presented
to the user for review. When approved, the proposal initiates feasibility study that
describes and evaluates candidate systems and provides for the selection of best
system that meets system performance requirements.

To do a feasibility study we need to consider the economic, technical factors

in system development. First a project team is formed. The team develops system
flowcharts that identify the characteristics of candidate systems, evaluate the
performance of each system, weight system performance and cost data and the best
candidate system for the job. The study culminates in a final report to the
management.

(1) The steps in defining system performance.

(2) What key considerations are involved in feasibility analysis?

(3) How to conduct a feasibility study

10
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1.Web presentation: HTML CSS

2.Client- side scripting: JavaScript

3.Programming language :Java

4.Web based technology : Servlets,JSP

5.Java version: JDK-5

6.Backend database :Oracle a;

7.OS-Windows

8.P/2000/2003, Linux

9.Web server: Tom cut 5.5

10.Browser :IE/Mozilla

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1.Pentium processor:512 Mhz

2.RAM:1GB

3.Hard disk:40GB

4.CD-ROM drive:32Hz

5.Keyboard:108 standard

11
6.Mouse :optical

7.Monitor:15*color monitor

12
 UML Diagram ( Unified Modeling Language)

UML is a notation, that result from the unification of OMT (Object

Modeling Technique). The goal of UML is to provide a standard notation that can
be used by all object oriented methods. The system development on three different
models of the system.

1.FUNCTIONAL MODEL:

It is represented in UML with use case diagram describe the functionality of

the system from the user point of view.

USE CASE DIAGRAM:

Use case used during requirement allocation and analysis to represent the
functionality of thee systems use case focus on the behavior of the system from the
external point of view the actors external entities that interact with the system. The
use case describe the external behaviors when actors use case exchange
information it is called communication actor to use case. The use case diagram
composed of 5 different fields.

a)The name of the use case is unique across the system.

b)Participating actors or actors interacting with the use case.

c)Entry condition describe the condition that’s need to be

d) Flow of events describe the sequence of interaction in between actors to use

cases.

13
e) Exit condition describe the condition that are satisfied after the completion of
the use case.

14
2.OBJECT MODEL:

The object model representing UML with class diagram describe the
structure of the system in terms of objects, attributes, association and operation.
Class diagram describe the structure of the system in terms of classes and objects.
The class diagram represent the following operations.

i. Association and Link:

A link represent the connection between two objects. Association or

relationship between classes and represent group of links.

ii. Association Class:

Association are similar to classes that they can have attributes and operations
attached to them. Such an association is called an Association class.

iii. Roles:

Each end of an association can be label by a string called Role.

iv. Aggregation:

Association are used to a wide range of connections among the set of

objects.

v. Multiplicity:

Each end of an association can be label by a set of integers indicating the

number of links that can be organize from an instance of class connected to the

15
association. This set of integers is called the multiplicity of the association class.

16
INTERACTION OR SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
Interaction diagram describes pattern of communication among a set of
iteration an object interact with another object by sending message. The receive of
message by an object trigger the execution of a method sequence diagram
represent the objects participating in the interaction horizontally and time vertically
sequence diagram can be used to describe the an abstract sequence. All possible
interaction also provide notations for conditional and iterates.

COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

Describe the same information as sequence diagram. The collaboration

diagram represent the sequence of messages by numbering the interaction.

17
STATE CHART DIAGRAM:

A state chart diagram describe the dynamic behavior of an individual

objects as a number of states and transition between the states represent as set of
values for an object. A UML state chart is a notation to describe the sequences of
states an object goes through in response to event statement or extension of the
finite state mission model. A transition represent a change of state trigged by
events, conditions or times. A state is represent by open arrows connecting two
states the initial state. A circle surround a small solid black circle indicates a final
state.

18
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:

Activity diagram describe the behavior of a system in terms of activities.

Activities are modeling the elements that represent the execution of a set of
operations. The compilation of these operations trigger a transition to another
activity . Activity diagram are similar to flow chat diagram. In that they can be
used to represent control flow.

The outgoing transition in a state chart representation are trigged by the

completion of an action associated with this state. This is called an action state.

The name of the state denotes a condition where as the name of an action
state denotes an action. Activity diagrams are state chart diagrams whose states are
action states

19
.

20
E R DIAGRAM

21
 IMPLEMENTATION

SQL SERVER DATABASE:

A database management, or DBMS, given the user access to their and helps
then transform the data into information. Such database management system
include dBase, paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These system allow
users to create, update and extract information from their database.

A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics

of people things and events. SQL server stores each data item in its own fields. In
SQL server, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled
together to form a single complete unit of data, called a record .each record is made
up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.

Dividing an SQL server database design project, the analysis of your

business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest .if your business
needs change over time you define any additional fields or change the definition
of exiting fields.

SQL SERVER TABLES:

SQL server stores records relating to each other in a table .Different tables
are created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped
together to form a database.

PRIMARY KEY:

Every table in SQL server has a field or a combination of fields that

uniquely identifies each record in the table. The unique identifier is called the
primary key, or simple the key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish

22
one record from all other in a table. It allow the user the database system to
identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database.

RELATIONAL DATABASE:

Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be

stored in one table. SQL server makes it very easy to link data in multiple tables.
Matching an employee to the department in which they work is one example. This
is what makes SQL server relational database management system, a RDBMS. It
stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define relationships between
the tables.

FOREIGN KEY:

When a field is one table is one table matches the primary key of another
field is referred to as a foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose
values match those of the primary key of another table.

REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY:

Not only does SQL server allow you to link multiple tables, it also
maintains consistency between them. ensuring that the data among related tables is
correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential integrity.

DATA ABSTRACTION:

A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract

view of the data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and
maintained. Data is stored and maintained. Data abstraction is divided into three
levels.

23
PHYSICAL LEVEL:

This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data
are actually stored.

CONCEPTUAL LEVEL:

At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data are
actually stored is described and relationship among them.

VIEW LEVEL:

This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of
the database.

Redundancy can be avoided

Inconsistency can be eliminated

Data can be shared

Standards can be enforced

Security restrictions can be applied

Disadvantages of DBMS:

A significant disadvantages of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the

cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to
allow for the extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution
and storage. While centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication
requires that the database be adequately backed up so that in case of failure the
data can be recovered.

24
Features of SQL SERVER (RDBMS):

SQL server is one of the leading database management system (DBMS)

because it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of
today most demanding Information systems. From complex decision support
systems (DSS) to the most rigorous online transaction processing (OLTP)
application, even application that require simultaneous DSS and OLTP access to
the same critical data, SQL server leads to industry in both performance and
capability.

SQL server is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS the delivers
unmatched performance, continuous operation and support for every database.

SQL server RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS which is

specify designed for online transactions processing and for handling large database
application.

SQL server with transaction processing option offers two features which
contribute to very high level of transaction processing throughput which are the
row level lock manager.

Enterprise wide data sharing:

The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL server DBMS enables
all the systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated
computing resource

Portability:

SQL server is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and operating
system platforms including UNIX, MS.DOS, os/2 Macintosh and DOZENS of
25
proprietary platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to choose the
database server platform that meets the system requirements

Open systems:

SQL server offers a leading implementation of industry standard SQL. SQL

server open architecture integrates SQL server and non SQL server DBMS with
industry most comprehensive tools, application and third party software products.

SQL servers open architecture provides transport access to data from other
relational database and even non-relational database.

Distributed Data sharing:

SQL servers networking and distributed database capabilities to access data

stored on remote sever with the same ease as if the information was stored on a
single local computer.

A single SQL statement access data at multiple sites. You can store data
where system requirements such as performance, security or availability dictate

Unmatched performance:

The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the SQL server
DBMS to deliver unmatched performance.

Sophisticated Concurrency Control:

Read world applications demand access to critical data. With most database
systems application becomes “Contention bound” which performance is limited
not by the CPU power or by disk. Input, but user waiting on one another for data
access.

26
 SQL server employs full, unrestricted row-level locking and contention free
queries to minimize and in many cases entirely contention wait times.

No Input Bottle Necks:

SQL server is first commit groups commit and deferred write technologies
dramatically reduce data input bottle necks. While some database write whole data
block to disk at commit time, SQL server commits transaction with at most
sequential log file disk at commit time.

On high throughput systems, one sequential writes typically group commit

multiple transactions, Data read by the transactions. Data read by the transaction
remains as shared memory so that other transaction may access that data without
reading it again from disk.

Since fast commits write all data necessary to the recovery to the log file,
modified blocks are written back to the database independently of the transaction
commit, when written from memory to disk.

An overview of JSP:

Java server pages:

Java server pages is a simple, yet powerful technology for creating and
maintaining dynamic content and web pages. Based on the java programming
languages, JSP offers proven portability, open standards, and mature reusable
component model. The JSP architecture enables the separation of contain
generation from content presentation this separation not eases maintenance
overhead it also allows web team members to focus on their areas of expertise.

27
Now webpage designer can concentrate on layout and web application designers
on programming with minimal concern about impacting each other’s work.

Features of JSP:

1.Portability:

JSP files can be run on any web server or web enable application server that
provides support for them. Doubled the JSP engine this support involves
reorganization, transaction and management of the JSP life cycle and its iteration
components.

Components:

It was mentioned earlier that the JSP architecture can include reusable java
components, the architecture also allows for the embedding of a scripting language
directly into the JSP file. The components current supported include java beans and
serve lets.

Processing:

A JSP file is a essentially an html document with JSP scripting or tags. The
JSP file has a JSP extension to the server the JSP syntax is parsed and processed
into a serve lets on the server side.

The serve lets that is generated output real content in straight html for
responding to the client.

Access Models:

A JSP files may be access in at least two different ways a clients request
comes directly into a JSP. In the scenario suppose the page access reusable java

28
beans components. That platform particular well defined computations like
accessing a database. The result of the beans computations called result sets is
stored within the bean as properties the page uses such beans to generate dynamic
content and present and back to the client.

In both of the above cases the page could also contain any valid java code.
JSP architectures encourages separation of content from presentation.

Step in the execution of JSP application:

 The client sends a request to the web server for a JSP file. By giving the
name of the JSP file within the form tag of HTML page.
 This request is transferred to the java web server at the server side
receives the request and to JSP engine.
 JSP engine is program which can understand the tags of the JSP and then
I converts those tags of into a serve let program and it is stored at the
server side. The serve let is loaded in the memory and then it is executed
and the results is given back to the java web server then it is transfer back
to the result is given back to the java web servers. And then it is transfer
back to client.

The JSP technology provides a textual description for the creation of a response
from a request. The technology builds on the following concepts.

1. Template data: A substantial portion of dynamic content is actually fixed.

The JSP technology allow for the natural manipulation of this data.
2. Addition of dynamic data: The JSP technology allows the addition of
dynamic data to the template data in a way therefore, simple yet powerful.

29
 3. Encapsulation of functionality: The JSP technology provides two related
mechanisms. For encapsulation of functionality. The standard java beans
component architecture and the tag library mechanisms.
4. Good tool support: The JSP technology has features that enable the creation
of good authoring tools. The result is a flexible and powerful server side
technology.
5. Benefits of the JSP technology: The JSP technology offers a number of
benefits

Write once run anywhere tm properties:

The java server pages technology is platform independent, both in its

dynamic webpages web server and its underlying server components. You can
author JSP pages on any platform, run them server and access them from any web
browser.

High quality tool support:

The write once, run anywhere properties of JSP allow the user to choose best
of breed tools. Additionally an explicit goal of the JSP design is to enable the
creation of high quality portable tools.

Separation of role:

JSP support the separation of roles developers write components that

interact with server side objects.

Reuse of components and tag libraries:

The JSP technology emphasize the use of reusable components such as java
beans components enterprise java beans components and tag libraries.
30
Support for scripting and action:

The JSP technology support scripting elements as well as action. Actions

permit the encapsulation of useful functionality in a convenient from that can also
be mechanism to glue together this functionality in a purpose manner.

Web access layer for N-tier enterprise app architecture:

The JSP technology is an integral part of java two platform enterprise(j2ee)

which brings java technology to enterprise computing.

What is JDBC ?

JDBC is a java API for executing SQL statement. JDBC is a trademarked name
and is not an acronym. Nevertheless, JDBC is offer through of as standing of java
database connectivity. It consists of a set of class and interfaces written in the java
programming languages. JDBC provides a standard API for tool/db developers
and makes it possible to write db application using a pure java API.

Using JDBC, it is easy to send SQL statements to virtually any relational

database. One can write a single program using the JDBC API, and the program
will be able to send SQL statements to the appropriate database. The combinations
of Java and JDBC lets a programmer write it once and run it anywhere.

JDBC versus ODBC and other APIS:

At the point Microsoft’s ODBC (open Database Connectivity) API is that

probably the most widely used programmer interface for accessing relational
database. It offers the ability to connect to at most all database on at most all
platforms.

31
 So why not just use ODBC from Java? The answer is that you can use
ODBC from Java, but this is best done with the help of JDBC in the form of the
JDBC-ODBC Bridge, which we will cover shortly. The question now becomes
“Why do you need JDBC?” There are several answers to this question:

1. ODBC is not appropriate for direct use from Java because it uses a C
interface calls from Java to native C code have a number of robustness, and
automatic portability of applications.
2. A literal translation of the ODBC C API into a Java API would not be
desirable.

For Example: Java has no pointers and ODBC makes copious use of them,
including the notoriously error-prone generic pointer “void*”. You can think of
JDBC as ODBC translated into an object-oriented interface that is natural for Java
programmers.

3. ODBC is hard to learn. It mixes simple and advanced features together, and
it has complex options even for simple queries. JDBC on the other hand, was
designed to keep simple things simple while allowing more advanced
capabilities where required.

4. A Java API like JDBC is needed in order to enable a “Pure Java” solution.
When ODBC is used, the ODBC driver manager and driver must be manually
installed on every client machine.

5. JDBC driver is written completely in Java, however JDBC code is

automatically installable, portable, and secure on all Java platforms from
network computer to mainframes.

32
Two - tier and Three - tier Models:

The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier models for database
access.

In the two-tier model, a Java applet or application talks directly to the

database. This requires a JDBC driver that can communicate with the particular
database management system being accessed.

A user’s SQL statements are delivered to the database, and the results of those
statements are sent back to the user. The database may be located on another
machine to which the user is connected via a network. This is referred to as a
client/server configuration, with the user’s machine as the client, and the machine
housing the database as the server. The network can be an Intranet, which for
example: connects Employees within a corporation or it can be the internet.

In the three-tier model commands are sent to a “middle tier” of services,

which then send SQL statements to the database. The database processes the SQL
statements and sends the results back.

JSP, JDBC, Java script:

Java script is a script based programming language that was developed by

Netscape communication corporation. Java script was originally called live script
and renamed as Java script supports the development of both client and server
components of web – based applications. On the client side, it can be used to write
programs that are executed by a web browser within the context of a web page. On
the server side, it can be used to write web server programs that can process

33
information submitted by a web browser and then update the browser’s display
accordingly.

Even though Java script supports both client and server web programming.
We prefer Java script at client side programming since most of the browsers
supports it. Java script is almost as easy to learn as HTML, and Java script
statements can be included in HTML documents by enclosing the statements
between a pair of scripting tags.

<SCRIPT>…….</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE = “JavaScript”>

//Java script statements

</SCRIPT>

Here are a few things we can do with Java script:

 Validate the contents of a form and make calculations.

 Add scrolling or changing messages to the browser’s status line.
 Animate images or rotate images that change when we move the mouse over
them.
 Detect the browser in use and display different content for different
browsers.
 Detect installed plug – ins and notify the user if a plug – in is required. We
can do much more with Java script, including creating entire application.

34
Java script VS Java:

Java script and Java are entirely different languages. A few of the most glaring
differenced are:

 Java applets are generally displayed in a box with in the web document, Java
script can affect any part of the web document itself.
 While Java script is best suited to simple applications and adding interactive
features to web pages. Java can be used for incredibly complex application.
There are many other differences but the important thing to remember is that
Java script and Java are separate languages. They are both useful for
different things. In fact they can be used together to combine their
advantages.

Advantages:

 Java script can be used for server side and client side scripting.
 It is more flexible than VB script.
 Java script is the default scripting languages at client – side since all the
browsers supports it.

HTML:

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the languages of the World Wide

Web(WWW), allows users to produce web pages that include text, graphics and
pointer to other pages (Hyperlinks).

HTML is not a programming language but it is an application of ISO

Standard 8879, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), but specialized
to hyper text and adapted to the web. The idea behind Hypertext is that instead of

35
reading text in rigid linear structure, we can easily jump from one point to another
point. We can navigate through the information based on our interest and
preference. A Markup language is simply a series of elements. Each delimited
with special characters that define how text or other items enclosed with in the
elements should be displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized works that
load to other documents or some portions of the same document.

HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer,
which can be geographically at a different location. It is a versatile language and
can be used on any platform or desktop.

HTML provides tags (special codes) to make the document look attractive.
HTML tags are not case sensitive. Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color,
etc,.can enhance the presentation of the document. Anything that is not a tag is part
of the document itself.

36
SCREENS AND REPORTS

37
38
 TESTING

SYSTEM TESTING:

The purpose of testing is to discover errors testing is the process of trying to

discover every fault or weekness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub components and work product. There are various
types of tests, each test specify the testing requirements.

TYPES OF TESTING:

1.UNIT TESTING:

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate the internal
program logic and functioning of the system. The unit testing provide all decision
branches and internal code flow should be validate. It is the testing of individual
software units of applications the completion of an individual unit. Unit tests,
perform each unique path accurate to the document specification.

2.INTEGRATE TESTING:

Integrate test are designed to tes integrated software components to

determine if they actually run as one program. This testing is a event drive with
the basic outcomes of the screens. Integrated testing is a exposing the problem for
the combinational of components.

FUNCTIONAL TESTING:

Functional tests provide systematic demonstration the function test are valid
specific document and user manual.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

39
 valid input-Identify classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid input-identify class of invalid input must be rejected.

Function-Identify function must be exercise.

System procedures:

interface specification of system or procedure must be involved.

SYSTEM TEST:

System testing that the entire integrated software system. System testing is
based on process description flow, freedrive, process link and integration points.

WHITE BOX TESTING:

The white box testing is a testing in which software tester has a knowledge
of the inner working product, structure and language of the software. It is used to
test area that cannot be reached from a black box level.

BLACK BOX TESTING:

Black box testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
working product structure or language of the module being tested. A black box
test must be written from a source document specification.

40
 CONCLUSION

Since we are entering details of the patients electronically in the “Health

Care Management system”,data will be secured.Using this application we can
retrieve patient’s history with a single click.Thus processing information will be
faster.It guarantees accurate maintenance of patient details.It easily reduces the
book keeping task and thus reduces the human effort and increases accuracy speed.

41
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Y Advani Mohan and, Mohammad Akram (2007), “ Health Concerns in
India”, in Mohammad Akram (ed), Health Dynamics and Marginalized
Communities, Rawat Publications.
Isher Judge, (2010), “Social Sector Development : A Perspective from
Punjab”, available at http://www.icrier.org/pdf.
Ahmad Md. Firdos and Rabi Shankar Bhakta (2006), “A Study of Education
and Health Status of India", The Indian Economic Association,89th IEA Annual
Conference Volume.
Ambedkar S. Nagendra and Shilaja Nagendra (2006), Policy Perspectives on
Health Care in Primary Health Care Policy, Issues and Trends, ABD Publishers,
Jaipur, India.
Arriaga, E.E, and Davis K. (1969), “ The Pattern of Mortality Change in
Latin America”, Demography, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 223-42.
AYUSH in India (2005), Planning and Evaluation Cell, Department of
Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH),
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. AYUSH in India
(2008), Population and Vital Statistics.

42
43
44
45