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Publication Details

Śraddha-
Frequency of publication : Quarterly. Published on 15 August, 24 November,
21 February, 24 April.

A Quarterly devoted to an exposition of the teachings of Annual Subscription : Rs 150.00 Single copy : Rs. 50.00 Those wishing to have the
The Mother and Sri Aurobindo journal mailed to them may please send an additional Rs. 100.00.
For overseas readers : Annual subscription :US$ 45 inclusive of postal and bank
charges.
Vol.2 No. 3 All payments to be made in favour of Sri Aurobindo Centre for Research in Social
Sciences.

All Rights Reserved

No matter appearing in this journal or part thereof may be reproduced or translated,


in any form, without the written permission of the publishers except for short extracts
as quotations.
Special issue on Savitri The views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of the journal.
All correspondence may be addressed to

PART–1
Śraddha-
Sri Aurobindo Bhavan
8 Shakespeare Sarani
Kolkata 700 071
21 February, 2011
Editor: Arup Basu
Phone : 98302 58723
E-mail : arupbasu99@yahoo.com , arup.mbe@gmail.com

Published by
Sri Aurobindo Centre for Research in Social Sciences
Sri Aurobindo Bhavan
8 Shakespeare Sarani
Kolkata 700 071
Phone : 2282 3057 , 2282 2162 , 2282 1819

Printed by
Basab Chattopadhyaya
Shilalipi
Sri Aurobindo Bhavan 16 A Tamer Lane Kolkata 700 009
Phone 2241 4580
8 Shakespeare Sarani • Kolkata 700 071
Contents

On Savitri— A talk to a Young Disciple Mother 7


Savitri Sri Krishnaprem 11
To Savitri, the Wonderful Epic Ranajit Sarkar 14
Savitri : The Song of the Infinite Alok Pandey 17
Veda Vyasa’s Mahabharata in ¶õtJât¨C;uÒttlkk
Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri Prema Nandakumar 39 Śraddha-va-m· l labhate jñanam·
Aswapati’s Yoga Srimat Anirvan 47
Love and Death Debashish Banerjee 53 Who has faith. .........he attains knowledge
—Gita IV. 39
Savitri— Book VI, Canto II :
The Way of Fate and The Problem of Pain Makarand R. Paranjape 73
The Descent of Knowledge in Savitri Sonia Dyne 87
The Mother’s Savitri Translations Shraddhavan 105
Onward She Passed…
Rejection As Described in Savitri Matthijs Cornelissen 118
An Analytical assessment
of Death-Savitri Debate Usharanjan Chakraborty 131
Newness of Savitri: an Interpretation Asoka K Ganguli 139

Cover Design : Dhanavanti’s painting ‘The White Ordeal’


relation of love. The bliss of Purus. a is the love of Prakr.ti. Prakr.ti has another aspect
of force. Vika-ra is all-extensive. Manifestation of force in the play of qualities is termed
vika-ra in the Samkhya system. Vika-ra is lowered sometimes, but the Vais.n.avas speak
of sa-ttvika vika-ra.
Yet a problem remains. How can the eternal form be conceived wherein Prakr.ti goes
Aswapati’s Yoga on creating forms with the agitation of the three qualities. Force endeavours to arrive at
the eternal Form through multifarious forms with the aid of knowledge and love. Many
aspirants take this path. According to the Vais.n.avas, an inner self-intended body can
Srimat Anirvan reach the eternal Form.
In the Upanis.adas, we have statements about mutable forms as if they want to
I preach that there is no eternal form. On the other hand, the Upanis.adas speak of seeing
the Formless in its manifold forms. The mystics do not think it impossible to discover
The first two cantos carry the essence of the epic. Man’s aspiration for immortality the eternal Form in the partial forms. They admit the eternity of forms. Sri Aurobindo
is universal. It is the motto of all religions. What is its nature? speaks of the same idea in ‘physical immortality’. He imagines the appearance of
Sri Aurobindo speaks of the immortality of pure consciousness, the immortality of eternal Form there. His Savitri is an acquaintance with the endeavour to be immortal.
the psychic being and physical immortality. But where is the bridge between the en- This truth is to be judged by the male and female characters of the epic. Aswapati
deavour to be immortal and that to be Brahman? Brahman is Existence-Consciousness- and Satyavan are men. Savitri is the Parama- Prakr.ti. She is the central character of the
Bliss-Force. The idea of Existence of Brahman causes immortality. Realisation of eternal epic. Purus.a is divided into two. Aswapati is the father of Savitri, Satyavan is her
existence is immortality. This realisation, if individual, is mere imagination. Immortality eternal companion. Satyavan is disgraced by death. The matter is significant. Satyavan
is a realisation. It may be divided into two – realisation of knowledge and that of Prakr.ti has to die after one year. Savitri knew this, yet she accepted him as her companion. It is
or Maha-śakti. Realisation of knowledge is the realisation of immortality of purus.a. The as if a revolt against death.
Existence of Brahman is divided into Purus.a and Prakr.ti.
Aswapati’s endeavour is an endeavour of a purus.a to ascend. It is an endeavour to
The endeavour with the aid of knowledge is of purus.a, that with the aid of Bliss and
arrive at self. No doubt there is rigour in it. Savitri’s endeavour is the endeavour of
Force is of Prakr.ti.
Maha-prakr.ti. It is an endeavour of love. Her beloved is disgraced by death, he has to
The two are inseparably mixed up, though they are seemingly opposite to each
be made immortal. Satyavan is a simple man. The appearance of Savitri and Satyavan is,
other. Purus.a is the realisation of Pure Consciousness, Pure Spirit and is formless.
in fact, an avih.. One harmony and one greatness appear before eyes. But disharmony
Purus.a is formless, Prakr.ti is form. The idea of Brahman eternally coheres in Brahman.
arises in comprehension. Satyavan is not aware of death like us. That is why we are not
Purus.a tends to be formless, Prakr.ti tends to form. The difference is felt when knowl-
the least acquainted with his endeavour to be immortal. Savitri is an embodiment of it.
edge is judged on the basis of eternity. Being is formless and immutable, Purus.a is
eternal, beyond time. Flow of time is also eternal. Nobody knows when it will end. Both No doubt, Aswapati’s endeavour is to be immortal. But this is to bring down Savitri here
the beginning and the end are unmanifested, we are mutable forms in it. On the other upon the earth.
hand, we see the existence of solitary Brahman. The idea of immortality is due to this Satyavan easily falls a victim to death. Savitri regains him by means of her tapasya-
Brahman. On the other hand, we have the delight of Prakr.ti in forms. Then the endeav- Aswapati’s yoga is called the yoga of self-establishment by Sri Aurobindo. We need it
our to be immortal may take shelter either in the formless or in form. To manifest the for ourselves, there is eternal Satyavan in all of us. He is to be known. Aswapati’s
formless is the tapasya- of Prakr.ti. The source of form is its giver. Prakr.ti is dual endeavour is the endeavour of the ji-va to be Si-va. Satyavan’s endeavour is the
existence. On the one hand, there is mutation of forms which is called gun.aviks.obha in endeavour of a śava. Purus.a is dual existence – Śi-va and Śava. Savitri’s endeavour is
.
the Sa-mkhya system of philosophy. Yet another concept arises. Pure form is not non- for making the two successful. Aswapati’s endeavour is the endeavour of all of us.
eternal. That is another manifestation of Brahman. In the mystic philosophy, Purus.a is Maha-prakr.ti is engaged in tapasya- just as being Śi-va like Aswapati and Śava like
beyond qualities, eternal and immortal. Prakr.ti is apara- and agitated with qualities. Satyavan. This is the philosophy behind the epic.
Nirgun.a Purus.a and the play of qualified Prakr.ti – these two make creation possible. The whole epic is an account of the life of yoga. Of the main characters one is
Pure quality is para-śakti. Nirgun. a Purus.a and Prakr.ti as pure existence can never be yogi-, the other yogini-. The fruit is enjoyed by Satyavan, the immutable purus.a.
seaparated. Manifestation of bliss, if it takes shelter in the two, is called creation. That Aswapati’s yoga is meant for bringing down Savitri. There is power in him. In the Vedas
is why we admit the two, though the root cause is one. The relation between them is the the horse is its symbol. Aswapati stands for power. But Savitri’s yoga, sheltered in

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knowledge, is the yoga of love. She glitters with intuition. The intensity of her endeav- II
our is unique. She goes on carrying it very easily. There are two steps in it. The first is To some extent Aswapati’s yoga expresses a limit to our capacity. It is better to
to conquer fate. She acts as the wife of Satyavan, though she knows that Satyavan is know the force working behind his yoga. Apart from the three main characters there are
disgraced by death. She has disclosed it to nobody. She has led the life of a yogini- for two invisible ones. One of them is the character of absolute Purus.a. He is the seer of the
one long year. play of force in the world. In the yoga of Aswapati and Savitri a flash of the existence of
Then she perceives death. In the Mahabharata we find that Yama is going to take that Purus.a recurs in the form of void or death. Parama- Prakr.ti of this Purus.a carries
the soul of Satyavan. Savitri goes behind him. We find the same in the death-transcend- this death. We are very often acquainted with it in the epic Savitri. The three main
ing endeavour of Nachiketa. To go behind death, to admit death – we get the two in characters embody the golden Purus. a. While reading the epic, the force behind it must
Savitri’s endeavour.Then she conquers death by her lone spirit’s power. This, in short, be kept in mind. Something supernatural is happening, but that is almost nothing for the
is an account of the life of yoga given in the epic. Infinite. This force is to be understood as the root-force. Everyone endeavours. There
There are three parts of Aswapati’s yoga. The first is to have self-knowledge. Sri is upward tapasya- in Prakr.ti. But that is done many times unwittingly. Many of us
Aurobindo calls it ‘The Yoga of the King’. The second is to have cosmic knowledge. endeavour in a dreaming manner. This is one class of aspirants.
The third one is accomplishment. The secret of a yogic life is contained in it. The consciousness of aspirants of another class is opened from the very outset.
According to the Mahabharata, Aswapati had to endeavour for a period of eighteen There is rigour in such an aspirant. But that is not an impediment. That is ultimately
years. The number ‘eighteen’ is suggestive. At every moment prakr.ti goes through transformed into force undefeated. That kind of force is not manifested in the ordinary
decay and growth. Prakr.ti is qualified upto the fifteenth moment. Then Prakr.ti is aspirant. Among the two classes of aspirants, the endeavour of the first class belongs
established in eternal truth which is called eternal sixteenth moment in the Br.hada-- to men and that of the second class belongs to God. The endeavour of the first class is
ran.yaka Upanis.ada. This state of prakr.ti is destroyed in the dark. It is the seventeenth that of transcendence and that of the second class has an entrance by force in addition
moment. The eternal sixteenth moment is called the moment of bliss. But yet everything to it. The first begins with the mind, the second with science. In either an endeavour
of Prakr.ti is not unveiled. Complete light of the sixteenth moment and complete dark- begins in the form of an intuition. This rouses a confidence in Infinity. This confidence
ness of the seventeenth have an opposition. This opposition is solved in the eight- is temporary, it disappears soon in the case of the aspirants of the first class. But in the
eenth. Complete light and complete darkness, i.e. manifestation and destruction have to case of the second class we have a flight from light to light. Nothing can mar the
be transcended, the eighteenth moment has to be brought down. The eternal form of endeavour of the aspirants of the second class. Those aspirants are called Purotrata- in
Prakr.ti lies therein. the Vedas. They are always forerunners. Their endeavour is universal. Divine force
First Aswapati wants himself. Sri Aurobindo aims at the soul’s release first and automatically glows in such an endeavour. Their glow is beyond causal relation, be-
then Spirit’s freedom and greatness. Knowledge makes a bridge between the two. Soul yond qualities. Matter is identified with consciousness here. The consciousness of the
is psychic being, immortality. That psychic being is being unveiled through births and second class of aspirants relates to the cosmos. Aswapati belongs to this class. He is
rebirths. This is called psychic opening, liberation of the psychic being by the touch of a thinker and toiler in the ideal’s air. Everything is clear to him. Vitality and mentality
Infinity. There are two parts in an endeavour. In its first part, it has rigour. This brings work in him simultaneously. An entrance of idea enlivens mind. This yoga is quite
self-knowledge. Then it awakens Soul’s greatness, Spirit’s release. First bondage is natural for Aswapati. What appears to Aswapati with sure success spreads over the
admitted. One can control oneself if one is controlled. This is all about Soul’s greatness whole world. That is why the yoga of Aswapati is the yoga of all of us. The worldly
and freedom. Psychic opening is impossible unless one can be free from the play of consciousness does not know what it wants. But Aswapati knows it. There is impedi-
qualities of Prakr.ti. That is why the first step of the yoga of Aswapati is psychic ment at every step of Aswapati’s yoga. He has to face and remove the impediments.
opening. In its opening Aswapati becomes eager to know the eternal Form. He tends to Being a ‘colonist from immortality’ he is able to do this, but we are not. He is attached
eternity. This is the second step of his yoga. to each one of us. This yoga is not impossible. It is in us as well. Psychic opening
What is the necessity of the yoga of Aswapati? Sri Aurobindo speaks of it in the happens in us. We also like to transcend ourselves. Thus a bridge between the two
third canto of the epic. The eternal has come down admitting death. This is the ‘world’s classes is built.
desire’. There is aspiration for light in complete nescience. That makes for the appear- There are some stages of the yoga of Aswapati. The yoga of my own is the yoga of
ance of Savitri. Aswapati is the symbol of this divine aspiaration. He is not an ordinary Aswapati. Aswapati has a sense of Infinity. He is completely detached from the ego-
man, he is a divine man. All the characters of this epic belong to the transcendental sense. We also get an inspiration like this, but we cannot get beyond the ego-sense. In
level. the terminology of Sri Aurobindo, Aswapati’s consciousness is the consciousness of
the Higher mind. Our ordinary mind remains busy with sensuous matter, but the sense
of generality is not clear to it. Matter is perceived by the ordinary man, but the ideal is

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unintelligible to him. One who is entranced by the Ideal has a clear apprehension of the of us cannot understand that. It is understood by the siddhapurus.a. When the beam of
Ideal. He sees the thing as a manifestation of the Ideal. Then he roams in the Ideal’s air. the eternal is manifested in the heart of a devotee his luminous unmanifested life comes
To use the thing as the Ideal is the motto of the Higher Mind. Here lies the difference to a standstill. Then the source of force springs from it. This force is Aditi-force. He
between the yoga of Aswapati and that of the aspirants of the first class. In Aswapati’s himself carries the life then. He is Bodhisattva. Aswapati is such a carrier. Savitri-force
endeavour, the Ideal and the thing are identified. Our ordinary life is a life of manipula- is in him. That is why Savitri is his daughter. At every moment Savitri grows in his heart.
tion. It is an outward one. It starts inner living when it is entranced by the Infinity. From This is what is meant by the entrance of Savitri-force.
this aspect Aswapati’s yoga is our ideal. Aswapati’s yoga has three stages – the Aswapati’s endeavour is the endeavour of Maha-prakr.ti. Only he who will be wel-
spiritual stage, the cosmic stage and the stage of science. Absence of any serial order come by Maha-prakr.ti will bloom. Mango trees blossom but every flower does not bear
is the first condition of a yogic life. If this word is kept in mind the account of Aswapati’s fruits. Even the slightest endeavour is entranced by the Infinity. An endeavour is
life becomes clear. At every moment of yoga our mind must remain open. There should benign. When Savitri-force descends in Aswapati, he feels harmony in him. While
be no order at the highest peak of success. There is, of course, an order if it is looked carrying this entrance he is transformed into a seer, he is then liberated. He can then
upon as a whole. As a poet and seer, Sri Aurobindo describes it in a two-fold manner. play with limits, with bondage. We find two things when he is infinite and free – freedom
At the outset of this canto, we get an account of Aswapati’s spiritual yoga. Here Sri applied to soul and sa-mrajya siddhi. This is the result of the spiritual yoga of Aswapati.
Aurobindo also makes a synthesis between this yoga and ordinary yoga. He speaks of
all the positive ideas. Everything is then positive. Then arises un-manifestation of
everything at the destruction of the value of the positive ideas. Hereafter a golden flash (The Bengali original, which appeared in ‘Bartika’ published by Sri Aurobindo Pathamandir, Kolkata,
of the force behind appears from within the unmanifested. Intuition then becomes very has been transcribed into English by Dr Sunil Roy, Professor, Dept of Philosophy, University of
Burdwan , West Bengal . Prof. Roy is particularly interested in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and
easy. Then appears a sudden entrance. Savitri-śakti comes down. It is understood that contemporary Indian philosophy in general and specially in the philosophy and thinking of Srimat
Aswapati’s yoga is meant for this descent. And that is why an endeavour is necessary Anirvan. His book in Bengali entitled Sri Aurobinder Darshan Manthaney was published by Burdwan
for manifestation, then for destruction; and at last Śakti descends as a result of the Univ. in 2007. His latest work Kant on the Human Subject has been published by the same University
synthesis of the two. in 2010.)
It has similarity with the account of the method of yoga which Sri Aurobindo has
given elsewhere. Undivine consciousness is transformed into divine consciousness. A
conflict arises sometimes in it. But when this conflict arrives at the harmony Śakti
descends.
Aswapati is, as I, the existence of the sun. Grown from Aditi consciousness it is ‘a
greater sonship’. Aswapati has come down in the kingdom of men with divine rights.
Having attained spiritual salvation, he is one who can remember the incidents of his
previous life. In the ordinary sense a ja-tismara can remember the incidents of previous
lives. But in another sense it is the remembrance of a nitya siddha. Aswapati bears the
stamp of mighty memories. The veil of ignorance being removed, he understands what
he feels is eternal; it spreads from the past to the future. It is called dhruva- smr.ti. I was.
I am. I shall be. Without the sense of the Infinity the sense of eternity does not wake.
The veil of ignorance being removed, one can feel one’s liberated nature. This is be-
yond time. This is the resource of a siddha consciousness.
Above all, Aswapati has an aspiration. He has perceived a path of light, a divine
path in himself. That path is always upward. He goes upstream. His worldly life is
illumined by a transcendental greatness. An ocean impulse is manifested in him. This is
the life of Aswapati. He is, as if, a piece of diamond. Every piece of coal has a force to be
a piece of diamond. Every life has a divine aspiration, but a truly enlightened person is
diamond all through. Everyone is potentially the Buddha, but all men do not become the
Buddha. Those who so become are chosen. Intuition is their essence. Divine appear-
ance is possible in each of us. He is in all of us and is perceiving their divine destiny. All

Śraddha-  February 2011  51 Śraddha-  February 2011  52


Śraddha-
Publication Details

Frequency of publication : Quarterly. Published on 15 August, 24 November, 21 February,


A Quarterly devoted to an exposition of the teachings of 24 April.
The Mother and Sri Aurobindo Annual Subscription : Rs 150.00 Single copy : Rs. 50.00 Those wishing to have the journal
mailed to them may please send an additional Rs. 100.00
Annual Subscription for soft copy of the journal : Rs.150.00
Vol.3 No. 3
For overseas readers : Annual subscription :US$ 45 inclusive of postal and bank charges
for hard copy;
US$ 20 for soft copy

All payments to be made in favour of Sri Aurobindo Centre for Research in Social Sciences

All Rights Reserved

No matter appearing in this journal or part thereof may be reproduced or translated, in any form,
without the written permission of the publishers except for short extracts as quotations.
The views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of the journal.
All correspondence may be addressed to

Śraddha-
21 February, 2012 Sri Aurobindo Bhavan
8 Shakespeare Sarani
Kolkata 700 071

Editor: Arup Basu


Phone: 98302 58723
E-mail : arupbasu99@yahoo.com , arup.mbe@rediffmail.com

Published by
Sri Aurobindo Centre for Research in Social Sciences
Sri Aurobindo Bhavan
8 Shakespeare Sarani
Kolkata700071
Phone : 2282 3057, 2282 2162, 2282 1819

Printed by
Basab Chattopadhyaya
Shilalipi
Sri Aurobindo Bhavan 16 A Tamer Lane
Kolkata 700 009
8 Shakespeare Sarani • Kolkata 700 071 Phone 22414580
Contents

The Mother Sri Aurobindo 7


VANDE MATARAM Srimat Anirvan 17
The Purpose Of The Mother's
Embodiment Upon Earth Kalpana Bidwaikar 19
Spiritual Principles Of Management Ananda Reddy 22
Sri Aurobindo's Perspective On The
Four Major Powers Of The Devi
In Integral Yoga And East-West
Psychology Hilary Anderson 37 ÍF FŸFFc··F⁄F∂FW £FFŒFk
Veda Vyasa's Mahabharata In Śraddha-va-m· l labhate jña-nam·
Sri Aurobindo's Savitri Prema Nandakumar 48
Who has faith. .........he attains knowledge
The Human Aspiration Debashish Banerji 60
—Gita IV. 39

Sri Aurobindo’s Metaphysics Of The


Supermind : On How To Make
Sense Of The Transcendence Of Mind R C Pradhan 86
A Primer Of Gita Daniel Grings 99
Ancient Indian Wisdom And
Contemporary Challenges Kireet Joshi 118
Revisiting The Vedas In The Light
Of The Yogic Experiences Of
Sri Aurobindo L Vijai 126
Spiritual Activism, Spiritual Passivity
And Integral Yoga Larry Seidlitz 134
Huta, ‘The Offered One’
- A Very Special Child Of The Mother Shraddhavan 151

Notes on Authors 153

Cover : Usha R Patel’s painting Divine Presence


In our day-to-day life, our mother, first and foremost, is the embodiment
of Ananda — of ecstasy — the source of love and beauty. It is the mother, who
brings us near to our father. Mother is Bliss, Father is Consciousness or
Knowledge and their inseparable union is the Truth of our existence.
Moreover, there are two aspects of the Blissful nature of Mother. In one, she
VANDE MATARAM is verily the Universal Mother, in the other, she is the Beloved of the Supreme
Srimat Anirvan Purusha. Both together constitute her aspect of Maheswari or Parameswari. In
one form, she is Durga as well as Radha. In this connexion, we can bring to
our mind the Durga Stotra of Sri Aurobindo and Radha’s Prayer by Sree Ma.
Sri Aurobindo has bequeathed to us the Mantra of Mother worship.
Together they form the twin petals of the same lotus of Ajna Chakra.
“ Om Anandamayee, Chaitanyamayee, Satyamayee Parame”
The Mother, in one Universal Form, represents the multitudinous creation.
Thou art Omkara, thou art manifested Bliss, manifested Consciousness and
She has descended for the accomplishment of Divine Work in different families
manifested Existence –Truth art thou, Oh Supreme Mother.
and different countries from age to age. India has worshipped the Divine Mother
In this Mantra, the Mother has clearly been addressed as Brahmamayee or from time immemorial. Worship of the Mother is a special trait of the country,
Manifested Brahman. Brahman is the absolute Purusha and the Brahmamayee especially in Bengal. We see mother not only as one who gave us Life, and
Mother is the Absolute Prakriti. The conception of Brahman is identified with brought us up but also in the extensive vastness of the country that nourished
the concept Sat, Chit and Ananda. And the Mother is perceived as the and cherished our Soul and beyond that we even see her as the Universal mother
Anandamayee, Chaitanyamayee and Satyamayee. There is no difference in the of All. Everywhere it is the one and only Mother. We worship her with the Mantra
essence of the two ideas; the difference lies only in the sequence. Additionally, of Fire — VANDE MATARAM; we utter the Mantra of worship of the Divine
in the Mother’s Mantra, there is the reference of ‘mayee’, an implied suggestion Mother;
of Manifested or ‘maya’. Brahman is essential Sacchidananda and the Mother
“Om Anandamayee, Chaitanyamayee. Satyamayee Parame!”
is the manifested Sacchinanada. Brahman is the Supreme Purusha and the Mother,
as the manifestation of Brahman, is His intrinsic Shakti — His Para Prakriti.
Brahman is Shaktiman and the Mother is His Shakti. Essentially, there is no
difference between Shakti and the Lord of Shakti — the distinction is only in
the specific and relative expressions of the Cosmic Oneness.
That Sri Aurobindo has introduced the Mother, the embodiment of Brahma
Shakti, by arranging the Brahmic aspects in a reverse order, is to be noted. This
gives us a hint of a double aspect. First, Brahman and His Shakti are not only
identical but are interwoven with each other. This has been made transparent
in the hexagonal symbol consisting of an intertwined upward and a downward
triangle, which Sri Aurobindo has used to represent his vision of the Truth
Revealed.
Secondly, in this Mantra, as is apparent, we find the sequence in the reverse
order. The Mother is addressed first as the Embodiment of Bliss, then of
Consciousness and lastly of Truth. A little introspection would reveal that
following this reverse concept is very conducive to our Sadhana.

Śraddha-  February 2012  17 Śraddha-  February 2012  18

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