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ANNUAL EXAM SST - 3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Write a short note on revolt of Jacobin’s club.
Jacobin Club was one of the most important club during the French revolution. It consist of less prosperous
people of the third estate. Many Jacobin started to wear long strip clothes similar worn by dock workers to set them
apart from the fashionable section of society especially nobles who wear knee benchers. It was rule by Maximilian
Robespierre. He rule in France from 1793-1794 and his reign is known as Reign of Terror.
2. Write a short note on ‘April theses’ of Lenin.
Lenin was the leader of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In April 1947 Lenin returned to Russian
from his exile. He took over of soviets and ruled country Russia, he promised three things which came to be
known as ‘Lenin’s April theses’. Those three things were:
 Banks to be nationalized
 Land to be transferred to peasants.
 War to be ended.
3. Write a short note on cold weather season.
 The cold weather season begins from mid- November in northern India and stays till February.
 December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.
 The temperature decreases from south to the north.
 Days are warm and nights are cold.
 Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of Himalayas experience snowfall.
 The northeast trade winds blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.
 Some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast from these winds as, here they blow from sea to
land.
 The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and feeble variable winds.
4. Write a short note on Brahmaputra river system.
Brahmaputra River is a river starts flowing from china to some part of India and it has a Ganga-Brahamaputra
basin which is most fertile and most populated area of India. From its origin in southwestern Tibet as the Yarlung
(Imperial blood) River, the Brahmaputra flows across southern Tibet where it is known as Dihang to break through
the Himalayas in great gorges. It flows southwest through the Assam Valley and south through Bangladesh as the
Yamuna.
5. Write a short note on Mangrove forest
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for
tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics,
mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. Mangroves are salt tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted
to life in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and complex root system to cope
with salt water immersion and wave action. They are adapted to the low oxygen (anoxic) conditions of waterlogged
mud.
6. What are the causes for the major threats to nature?
 Poaching or hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes.
 Environmental pollution including land degradation, soil and water pollution due to chemical and industrial
waste, acid deposits etc.
 Introduction of altogether different species through vegetative propagation.
 Deforestation on large scale.
7. State the main features of democracy.
Some of the major features of a democracy are:
 The final decision making power rests with those elected by the people.
 It must be based on a free and fair election.
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 Each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
 It should rule within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights.
8. Describe any three steps taken by Stalin to improve agriculture.
 Rich peasants and traders were holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. So, Stalin stopped the speculation
and supplies were confiscated.
 Stalin established state controlled large farms for more production.
 Prices were fixed for the grains to be sold.
Peasant's reaction
 They refused to sell their grains to government at these prices
 Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock
9. When was the Enabling act passed in Germany? What were it provisions?
Enabling Act, law passed by the German Reichstag (Diet) in 1933 that enabled Adlof Hitler to assume dictatorial
powers.
The provisions were enabling act are:
 On the third march 1933, the enabling act passed.
 It gave Hitler all powers to sideline the parliament and rule by decree.
 All political parties and trade unions were banned except for Nazi party and its affiliates.
 The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
 This act thus enabled establishment of dictatorship in Germany
10. The central location of India at the head of the Indian ocean is considered of great significance – Give
reason
The central location of India at the head of Indian Ocean has a great significance because from this location it is
very easy to transport things i.e., import and export of products. It will make connect our India with other western
countries like U.S.A. etc. It will help for our financial condition. As the sea route is the cheapest mode of
transport many people travel using this route.
11. What is preamble? What is its importance?
The Preamble is an introductory statement in a Constitution which states the reasons and the guiding values of the
Constitution.
Significance
 It contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built.
 It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government.
12. Explain any three powers of Prime Minister?
The Prime Minister has several powers as the head of the government.
 He chairs cabinet meetings, and assigns work to the other ministers.
 He also has the power to dismiss ministers.
 He advises the President on the issue of making appointments
 He supervises and co-ordinates the working of various departments
 If the Prime Minister resigns, the entire ministry is supposed to have resigned.
13. Write a note on PIL
Public interest litigation is a petition that an individual or a non-government organization or citizen groups, can
file in the court seeking justice in an issue that has a larger public interest. It aims at giving common people an
access to the judiciary to obtain legal redress for a greater cause.
14. What can be done to start more non-farming production activities in villages?
 Villages should be made aware of such activities by the government.
 Transport should be improved so people can sell their goods in nearby markets.
 People should be educated about latest technology of production.
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 Farmers should be encouraged to start non-farm activities such as fishing, tailoring, transportation etc.
 Govt. should start such schemes so that landless farmer can get loans to start non-farm activity.
15. Discuss the major reason for poverty in India?
The major reasons of poverty in India are
 Prolonged colonial administration: Low level of economic development under the British colonial
administration. They broke traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles.
 Low rate of India’s economic growth: After independence due to higher population, less job opportunities
and low growth rates of incomes resulted in increased poverty.
 Lack of land resources: Land reforms aimed at redistribution of assets in rural areas have not been
implemented effectively.
 Backwardness in agriculture People mostly use old, traditional and subsistence methods of farming. This
requires much labour and time.
16. What are the main features of NREGA?
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005
 It guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women.
 The scheme will initially be started in 200 districts. Later on, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts.
 If an applicant is not provided employment within 15 days, she/he will be entitled to a daily unemployment
allowance.
17. What are the main functions of the Governor?
 He is the constitutional head of the state
 The governor appoints the leader of the party that gets the maximum seats in the assembly as the chief
minister.
 He appoints high dignitaries such as Advocate General, Chairman and members of the respective State Public
Commission
 He also nominates 1/6th of the members of the Legislative Council or Vidhan Sabha.
 He runs the state administration on the instructions of the President.
18. Write a short note on electoral constancies
An electoral constituency is a territorial subdivision for electing members to a legislative body. Generally, only
voters who reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there.
19. What happened in schools under Nazism?
 At school, students were taught to worship Adolf Hitler.
 All textbooks reflected the Nazi ideology. Children were encouraged to wear Hitler Youth and German Girls'
League uniforms to school.
 School notice boards were covered with Nazi propaganda posters.
 Children were taught to be royal and aggressive
 The ultimate purpose of education was to fashion citizens’ conscious of the glory of the country and filled
with fanatical devotion to the national cause.
20. What are the impacts of World War I on Germany?
 All overseas colonies were to be handed over to the League.
 Germany’s army had to be reduced to 100,000 men
 Germany’s navy was reduced to 6 battleships with no submarines
 No air force was allowed
 Western Germany was to be demilitarized.
 Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.
 Germany had to accept the "War Guilt Clause" and pay reparations.
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21. Write about the process of slavery in French Colonies.

 The most revolutionary social reform of Jacobin regime was the abolition of slavery in French colonies but it
did not pass any laws because it felt that businessmen could oppose this step as government depended on
incomes of slave trade.
 Finally in Convention of 1794, a law was passed to free all slaves in the French colonies. But it was short term
measure as 10 years later, it was again introduced by Nepolean.
 Plantation owners understand their freedom as including the right to enslave African Negroes in pursuit of
their economic interests. Slavery was finally abolished in French Colonies in 1848.
22. Differentiate between chronic and seasonal hunger.
Seasonal hunger:
 It is in accordance to the cycles of food growing as well as harvesting.
 Due to the senior nature of Agricultural activities and casual labour its prevalence is more in rural and urban
area respectively.
 When an individual is not able to obtain employment for the whole year it leads to seasonal hunger occurs.
Chronic hunger:
 When an individual's diet is constantly insufficient with reference to quantity or quality it results in chronic
hunger.
 Due to the low level of income of the poor they mostly suffer from chronic hunger.
 Such Hunger is faced when an individual is not able to buy food for herself/himself.
23. What does the constitution do?
 The Indian Constitution lays down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country.
 It defines who will have how much power to take which decisions.
 And it puts limits to what the government can do by providing some rights to the citizen that cannot be
violated.
24. What is meant by human capital formation?
Human capital formation is the process of transforming the people in a country into workers who are capable of
producing goods and services. It is act of increasing the productive qualities of the labor force by providing more
education and increasing the skills, health, and notarization level of the working population.
25. What is meant by green revolution? What are its features?
It is a large increase in crop production achieved in developing countries by using artificial fertilizers, pesticides,
and high yielding varieties of crops.
Features:
 Introduction of new and high yielding variety of seeds.
 Increased use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides to prevent agricultural losses.
 Increased use of fertilizers to increase agricultural productions.
 Use of latest agricultural machinery like seed drills, tractors, harvesters, etc.
 Use of high disease resistant varieties so that production will enhance.
26. What about disguised unemployment?
Disguised unemployment is also known as under employment. In this kind of unemployment, more than the
required people are employed in a particular field. The removal of a few people will not affect the productive
capacity of that field. In rural areas, disguised unemployment is generally found in agriculture. Mostly, all the
members of a family work on a small farm.
For example if seven members of a family are working in a field measuring two hectares, then even if we remove
three people from the field, the productivity of the field will not be affected.
In urban areas, disguised unemployment is seen in the service sector among many plumbers, painter and
carpenters, who are not able to find work on a daily basis and hence do odd jobs whenever required.
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5 MARKS
1. How was slavery abolished in France?
 Before the French Revolution in 1789, France had three colonies of the Caribbean - Martinique,
Guadeloupe and San Domingo under its control. These places were major suppliers of sugar, coffee, indigo
and tobacco.
 The triangular slave trade between Europe, Africa and America began in the 17th century.
 Merchants sailed from the French ports to the African coast where they bought Negroes, who are natives of
Africa, from the local chieftains.
 Port cities like Bordeaux and Nantes were flourishing economically because of the slave trade.
 The National Convention voted to abolish slavery in all the French colonies on February 4, 1794.
 Slavery was reintroduced in the French colonies by Napoleon Bonaparte. Slavery was finally abolished in
1848 by the French Second Republic.
2. Explain the rebellion of Bastar people against the British people.
Reasons for rebellion
 In 1905, the British Government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forests.
 To ban shifting cultivation.
 To ban hunting, and collection of forest produce. All these steps forced the locals to revolt against the
British.
Course of rebellion
 People began to discuss all these issues in their village councils, in bazaars, markets and at festivals. The
initiative was taken by the Dhurwas of the Kanger forest, where reservation first took place.
 In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of earth, chillies and arrows, began – circulating between villages. These
were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British. Every village contributed something
to the rebellion expenses.
 Bazaars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed,
and grain redistributed.
Leaders: Although there was no single leader, many people speak of Gunda Dhur, from village Nethanar, as
an important figure in the movement.
Suppression of the revolt: The British sent troops to suppress the rebellion. They marched through the
villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion. Most villages were deserted as
people fled into the jungle forests. It took three months for the British to regain control. However, they never
managed to capture Gunda Dhur.
Consequences of the rebellion: In a major victory for the rebels, work on reservation was temporarily
suspended, and the area to be reserved was reduced to roughly half of that planned before 1910. The revolt also
inspired the other tribal people to rebel against the unjust policies of the British Government.
3. Describe the importance of lakes.
 Lakes are of a great value to human beings.
 Lakes help to regulate the flow of rivers.
 Lakes help to prevent flooding during rainy season.
 During the dry season, lakes help to maintain an even flow of water.
 Lakes can also be used for developing hydel power.
 They moderate the climate of the surroundings and maintain the aquatic ecosystem.
 They enhance natural beauty and help to develop tourism and provide recreation. E.g., Dal Lake and Naini
Lake at Nainital.
 Lakes provide opportunities for fishery development.
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4. Explain the three types of elections in India.

 General Elections: – These elections are conducted for electing the members of Lok Sabha. The members
elected during these elections are called MP’s (Member of Parliament). General elections are held in every
5 years.
 Assembly Elections: – The State Assembly elections in India are the elections in which the Indian voters
choose the members of the Vidhan Sabha (or State/Legislative Assembly). These elections are held every 5
years and the chosen members are called MLA’s.
 Rajya Sabha Elections: – The members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the governing body of each state
and union territory. There are 250 members in Rajya Sabha, out of which 12 are selected by the President
of India. Out of 250, 238 are indirectly elected by the legislature of the each state and union territory.
 President Elections: – Elected members of the houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), state legislatures
(Vidhan Sabha), are assigned the task of electing the President of India. President serves for a period of
five years.
5. Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem in India?
Educated unemployment is a Peculiar problem of India due to the following reasons:
 There is unemployment in the technically qualified population while there is a scarcity of Technical skills
required for economic growth of a country.
 According to study unemployment among graduates and postgraduate has increased faster than the
matriculates.
 In a paradoxical manpower situation there is surplus manpower in certain categories while there is shortage
of Manpower in others.
 Not being able to find job for long periods creates a feeling of depression among the youth.
 It becomes a problem in urban areas of India because the growth in the industrial and service sector is very
low. These two sectors have failed to provide employment to the educated unemployed.
6. Discuss the current status of PDS in India?
 Public Distribution System (PDS) was established for the distribution of food grains among poor.
 Presently, there are about 4.6 lakh ration shops in the country.
 Ration shops also known as Fair Price Shops keep stock of food grains, sugar, kerosene oil for cooking.
These items are sold to people at a price lower than the market price.
 In the beginning the coverage of PDS was universal with no discrimination between the poor and non-poor.
 Over the years, the policy related to PDS has been revised to make it more efficient and target oriented.
 It is the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilizing prices and making
food available to consumers at affordable prices.
 It averts widespread hunger and famine by supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit
ones.
 It revises the prices of food grains in favor of poor household.