PROJECT REPORT

FIRE
ALARM

Submitted To
Submitted By
Vishal Sabahia Vishal
Kumar
Roll No.
429 (10)
Batch
Code. 0610
 FIRE ALARM

This project is in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the
Jetking Certified Hardware
And
Networking Professional

Project Guide
………………..

Submitted by

………………..

Session
 ……………………

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the

following student
………………
Has successfully completed
the project titled

Fire Alarm
As partial fulfillment for the award of
JETKING CERTIFIED HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
PROFESSIONAL

Certified by:

Project Guide H.O.D

 Acknowledgement

It is with pleasure that I find myself penning down these lines to

express our sincere thanks to various people to help us along the

way in completing this project of Fire Alarm.

I must express my deepest appreciation to

…………………as our project guide who really provided me

with the required information for this project and without her

help this project would not have been completed. We are also

thankful to our parents who helped us in doing this project.

 CONTENTS

Introduction

Circuit Description

Parts Description

Working

Parts list

References

Application and Cost

 INTRODUCTION

To understand the concept of computer hardware the

knowledge of electronics is must. The project that I have chosen

for understanding the concept of electronics is a fire alarm. Apart

from being exposed towards the working of the various parts of

the electronics systems, the project has the significance that it can

be used to detect the fire.

The fire alarm works on the dc voltage. The main part of

the circuit is the IC 555 timer that is used as the astable

multivibrator. The 555 timer produces the timing pulses.

Whenever the fire generates on the sensors the circuit of the

timer gets completed and the IC produces the pulses, which can

be heard as sound from the loudspeaker.

 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The fire alarm circuit consists of four main sections:

 Supply section

 Sensor section

 Amplifier section

 Output section

Supply Section

The supply section consists of a 6V-battery voltage.

Instead one can also use a step down transformer which converts 220 V ac to 6 V ac.

followed by a rectifier diode, which converts ac to rippled dc.

Sensor section
The sensor element is connected in this project which senses the heat due to fire and

converts this into electrical signal, which are further amplified by the amplifier section.

Amplifier section

In this section transistor SL 100 is connected with the 3rd pin of timer 555.When the

sensor give the electrical pulse to the timer then the O/P of this mutivibrator is

amplified by this transistor and feed to the loudspeaker.

Astable Multivibrator section

Ic -555 is working as astable multivibrator in this

project.Its pin diagram is given below & its pin

description is given here.

Ground 1 8 VCC

Trigger 2 7 Discharge

Output 3 555 6 Threshold

TIMER
Reset 4 5 Control
voltage

Output Section
 The output section consists of a transistor & speaker, the transistor amplifies

the signal from the pin no. 3 of the 555 timer. The amplified signal from the transistor

is heard from the speaker connected at the collector of the transistor.

 PARTS DETAIL

Resistance: Resistance is the property of the material by which it opposes the flow of

current .The unit of resistance is ohms. The circuit uses 3 carbon composition

resistances whose value can be found using the color coding.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

For testing:

1. Fix the given resistor on the breadboard.

2. Set the MultiMeter in the Ohm meter range and connect the Ohm meter leads

across the resistor.

3. Open/Short of the resistor is shown by infinite/zero resistance in the meter

Capacitor:- Capacitor has ability to store charge and release them at a later time.
Capacitance is the measure of the amount of charge that a capacitor can store for a

given applied voltage. The unit of capacitance is the farad (F) or microfarad. The

capacitors used in the circuit are an electrolytic capacitor. The value and voltage rating

of the electrolytic capacitor can be directly read from the capacitor itself.

1000 µ f Capacitance
 16 V
Voltage rating

The electrolytic capacitor should be used with proper polarity.

In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a bypass capacitor. Any noise

variation in the circuit is removed by the capacitor.

For testing:

1. Fix the given capacitor on the breadboard.

2. Set the meter in the highest Ohm’s range.

3. Connect the ohm meter leads across the capacitor.

4. For a good capacitor the meter will show low resistance initially and then to

higher resistance.

5. Infinite/zero resistance in the meter shows Open/short of the capacitor.

Printed circuit board: The printed circuit board is a sheet of insulating

material (Bakelite) on which a copper clad coating is done. The circuit is printed on the

PCB. The circuit uses sensor called stator.

Transistor: The transistor is a semiconductor device.It has two applications

• As an amplifier.

• As a switch

For testing:

1. Set the multimeter at diode range.

2. When +ve lead of multimeter is connected with the P type material of the

transistor and –ve lead of multimeter is connected with the central lead of

transistor.If multimeter shows continuity then it will be PNP transistor.

3. For identifying the collector and emitter leads of the transistor the multimer shows

high reading for emitter lead .

Speaker:

Loudspeaker converts electric audio signals into sound energy. The speaker is a

transducer; one in a family of devices which converts one form of energy into another.

The permanent magnet of speaker is made of mixture of Aluminum, Nickel and Cobalt

and is known as ALNICO Magnet. The audio signal current fed to voice coil set up a

moving magnetic field about the voice coil. This interacts with fixed magnetic field

and results in vibratory motion of voice coil and hence the speaker cones. The rate of

vibration of speaker cone is determined by frequency audio. The rate of how far the

cone moves depends on amplitude of audio current speaker cone moves. The air

surrounding it produces the sound.

 WORKING

When the fire generates the sensor senses the heat and converts this into

electrical signal. This signal is the I/P for the timer circuit. And timer circuit generates

pulses according to the R-C time constant. These pulses are of week strength, which

are thus amplified by the transistor and finally fed to the loudspeaker, which produce

sound.

So we can say that this project gives the indication of fire through loudspeaker.

The timer works in Monostable State. It works only when it triggered by the pulse from

the sensor. It has only one stable state. The capacitor C3 is used for grounding the

unwanted signal or noise from the speaker. This project works on 6V-dc supply.
 PARTS LIST

S.NO. Parts list Value

1. Capacitor C 1 10KPF 400V

2. Capacitor C2 272PF 400 V

3. Capacitor C3 1000 micro F 16V

4. Resistance R1 10 KOHM

5. Resistance R2 & R3 12 OHM

6. TR1 SL100

7. IC 1 555

8. Speaker 62 MM

9. Fire Sensor Starter

10. Printed PCB

REFERENCES:
The reference of this project is gathered from ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
and ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE. The most important i.e. the testing of
components is gathered from the reference book TESTING OF
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS.

APPLICATION AND COST

1. The project if of small sizes so it is portable

2. It can be fitted to those places where is the
danger of fire like in kitchen.
3. Can be taken to anywhere because it works on
6V dc
4. The cost of mine project is RS. 75/-
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Vcc

1 8

2 7
C3

3 6

4 5