LEARNING OUTCOME __

Draw basic shapes with illusion of volumes

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner shall be able apply techniques in producing volumes using lines, as
prescribed by the TESDA Training Regulations.

Introduction

Drawing is about seeing. There are many ways to see objects as an artist would. If your
goal is to create representational drawings, you may choose to look at objects as
shapes. In fact, any object that you may draw can be broken down into simplified
shapes. By learning how to determine which shapes to draw and how to construct
complex forms from shapes, you will naturally become better at drawing.

If we are to approach drawings as a collection of shapes, then we must be prepared to

create an illusion of form from the shapes that we draw. Therefore, it is important that
we are able to transform flat two dimensional shapes into three dimensional forms,
resulting in the illusion of form.

The Uses of Line

In terms of art, line is considered to be a moving dot. It has an endless number of uses
in the creation of art.
Line can control an viewer's eye. It can describe edges. It can indicate form as well as
movement. It can also indicate value and a light source in drawing.
When line is used for value or shading, we most typically see it used in the form
of hatching or cross hatching. Although these are arguably the most common forms of
using line for adding value, there is an endless number of ways that it can be used.
A simple way of thinking of a line is to imagine a point that moves...
The most common use of line is showing where an object ends. This type of line is
called a contour line. Contour lines are most commonly called outlines.
Line can also create the illusion of form in a drawing. Line quality is the thickness or
thinness of a line. By varying the line quality an artist can show form in a drawing with
just the use of line.

Line can also indicate shadow and form through the use of cross contour lines. Cross
contour lines follow the contours of the object. Much like running your finger around the
form of an object.

Line- element of art. In terms of art, line can be described as a moving dot. Line is
perhaps the most basic element of drawing.
Vertical lines - lines that move up and down without any slant.
Horizontal lines - lines that are parallel to the horizon
Diagonal lines - lines that slant
Zigzag lines - lines made from a combination of diagonal lines
Curved lines - Lines that change direction gradually
Implied Lines : suggested but not actually physically present or drawn out. They can be
created by the edge of an object, a group of objects, or other lines which suggest a
visual connection and a direction of travel.

Types of Lines in Art Drawing

Line drawings present themselves in a number of ways including outlines of objects,
movement or density of objects and even erasing. It is common for artists to use various
line drawings as a warm-up, oftentimes giving them fresh ideas on how to begin working
on a longer study, which may end up a final work of art.

A line drawing as a final work of art, typically does not capture all of the information of
the object being drawn, instead it usually only captures one characteristic, either the
interior or the exterior. Charcoal, pencil, ball point pen, Chinese ink and black markers
can all be used to practice line drawing techniques.
Contour Line
A single line creating an outline of a figure or an
object can show the height, width and even details of
what is being studied. The word "contour" in art refers
to an outline of the subject being studied.
Traditionally, it presents only the exterior edges of the
object. A plain contour is one line that is connected
with no shading, emphasizing the shell of the object.
Contour lines can suggest weight by pressing down
harder or using the wider edge of a drawing
instrument to create a thicker, denser line.

Blind Contour Line

Line drawings created without looking at the paper
help to increase hand-eye coordination. A blind
contour is best studied as a quick drawing while
looking at either a figure or a still life. The line at first
will seem very messy, however the more its
practiced, hand-eye coordination will develop allowing
for similarities in the actual object and the drawn
object to relate more closely.

Many artists enjoy blind contour line drawings to help

with freeing up the hand doing away with constraints
of trying to get their drawings 'perfect'. Oftentimes,
shapes or lines that are created during a blind
contour study are whimsical and more interesting
than what can be achieved from looking directly at the
object.

Continuous Line Drawing

While observing an object, the drawing implement remains
on the the page with uninterrupted contact creating
enclosed shapes. Oftentimes, lines will have to cross over
themselves repeatedly in order to finish drawing the subject
being studied. Examples of this can be seen in drawings by
Pablo Picasso and Egon Schiele. They were able to create
beautiful line qualities by never lifting their drawing
instrument off the page. Hands are particularly interesting
when drawn in this style, as each knuckle and fingernail is
detailed by lines that intersect and overlap moving on to the
next detail.
Gesture Drawings
Gesture drawings are commonly
used as warm-ups in figure
drawing classes. They are
spontaneous representations of
an expressive stance of a
subject. Gesture drawings are
usually contained within the
limits of 30 seconds to two
minutes. This type of exercise
helps to loosen up the wrist and
align the hand with the eye. It is
possible to capture movement
and weight in gesture studies.

Mass Gesture Lines

Mass gesture lines refer specifically to
using a drawing instrument on its widest
side. Charcoal is a great tool for
accomplishing this line. By looking at the
subject being studied, the drawing tool
is used sideways to deliver a quick, wide
mark. This type of mark specifically
shows the density of the subject. In
order to show weight, the tool can be
used with more pressure for a darker
mark. To show lighter mass, less
pressure can be applied. Unlike gesture
drawings, there are no outlines in mass
gesture practices.

Reductive
Starting with a sheet of paper
covered in charcoal or graphite,
the object being studied is drawn
into the covered ground using an
eraser. A gum eraser is
preferable as you can easily
manipulate it to any width or
point. The resulting drawing is
one of negative line space.
Parallel or Cross Hatching Lines
Marks created with repeating lines
are used to create texture, patterns
or shading. This is often seen in
renderings created by master artists
and illustrators. By creating lines
that are close together or
intersecting them at diagonal
angles, delicate or harsh shading
can be achieved. Typically these
lines are not blended. The more
lines that are clustered next to one
another or crossing over each other,
the darker the shading becomes.
The shading can also be altered by
the pressure of the tool used to
make the marks.
The Uses of Shape
We typically think of a shape as a closed contour. So, if you take a line and
enclose it, then you will have created a shape. Shapes can play important
roles in the creation of art. They help to create complex drawings and
paintings, affect composition, and contribute to the balance within a work.

Shape is a two-dimensional area that is defined by a change in value or some

other form of contrast.

All shapes are two-dimensional, meaning that they have only length and
width.

All shapes will fall into one of two categories. Geometric shapes or regular
shapes are easy to recognize. Math can be used to find information about
these shapes and these shapes generally have a specific name associated
with them. Examples include: circle, triangle, square, and trapezoid.
Organic or freeform shapes are shapes that seem to follow no rules. Organic
shapes generally do not have a name associated with them and are typically
not man-made.

We can learn to see the world around us as shapes. Recognizing the shapes
that we see will lead to improved drawing and painting.

Shapes defined by objects are positive shapes (space). Shapes defined

around objects are negative shapes (space).
The relationships between the positive and negative shapes help the brain of
our viewers understand what they are seeing. Our brains are even capable of
making sense of complex relationships between positive and negative
shapes.
By organizing geometric and organic shapes, we can draw anything. Even
complicated objects become easy to draw when we isolate basic geometric
and organic shapes.

Terms
Shape - an element of art that is a two-dimensional area that is defined in
some way. A shape may have an outline around it or you may recognize it by
its area.

Geometric shapes - precise shapes that can be described using mathematical

formulas. Ex. Circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle, parallelogram,
trapezoid, pentagon, pentagram, hexagon, and octagon.

Freeform Shapes - also called organic shapes, are irregular and uneven
shapes. Their outlines may be curved, angular, or a combination of both
Form - an element of art, means objects that have three dimensions. I like to
think of form as a 3-D shape

Form and Shape are related. You can turn a shape into the illusion of form by
adding value and you can simplify a form from life into a shape.

LINE DEFINED In art, a line is the path of a point moving through space. Line is one dimensional.
While it has height, it’s length is significantly greater. Line is the most fundamental and basic of the
elements of art.

USES OF LINES In a composition, lines are used to suggest movement and to guide the viewer’s
eye. Lines can be used to create the other elements of art like shape, form, space, texture, and
value. Lines can show where one thing stops and another begins, defining outlines, separation of
parts, and structure. Lines can convey emotions and set moods within a composition.

TYPES OF LINES:
Implied Lines : suggested but not actually physically present or drawn out. They can be created by
the edge of an object, a group of objects, or other lines which suggest a visual connection and a
direction of travel.
Actual Lines : are actually present within the composition.

Gesture Lines- Lines that are energetic and catch the movement and gestures of an active figure.
Sketch lines- quick lines that capture the appearance or impression of something.
Calligraphic Lines- Precise, elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. Also artwork that has
flowing lines like an elegant handwriting, usually for decoration
Outlines- Lines made by the edge of an object or its silhouette. Contour Lines- Lines that describe
the shape of an object and the interior detail.
CONTOUR LINE A contour is the edge of something. A contour line is a type of line that shows the
outline of the subject and it’s interior details using solid lines There is no shading or coloring in a
contour line drawing but lines may vary in thickness. Contour line drawing is used as an activity to
practice drawing more accurately by developing your hand-eye coordination. As your eyes move
over the lines in a subject your hands should move with it.

1. LINE: mark made with a moving pointed tool.There are five basic linesWhat do they
transmit? or what words would describe them?Vertical: static, inactive, stable, motionless,
dignity and formalityHorizontal: calm, peaceful, tranquil, rest, content and relaxedDiagonal:
unstable, movement, activeZigzag: tension, crazy, chaoticCurved: elegant, softness,
movement
SHAPESHAPE: a two dimensional area that is defined in some way ( you can tell what it
is)GEOMETRIC SHAPES: can be described using a mathematical formula like a circle a square, a
rectangle & a triangle. You can combine these and create a trapezoid a pentagon an octagon, an
oval etc.FREE FORM: irregular and uneven forms, their outline can be curved or angular.ORGANIC
SHAPES: are often found nature, can also be irregular and uneven, but can also be symmetricalIn
art work, the shapes or forms themselves are called Positive space/shapeand the spaces or shapes
around or in between an object/subject are called negative shapes/space

FORM: is any object that has 3 dimensions ( length, width, and depth)In order to be able to
represent a 3 dimensional object on a 2D surface (paper), you must use changes in value (how dark
or light it is )VALUE: how dark or light something isHighlights are your brightest spots.To create
values we can use a variety of shading techniques.SHADING: is the use of light and dark values to
create the illusion of form.HATCHING: shading using small diagonal parallel lines all in the same
directionCROSSHATCHING: shading using crisscrossing linesBLENDING: artists blend by changing
the value little by little ( using a finger or a blending tool )STIPPLING: values created by dot patterns,
it is also referred to as pointillism.VALUE CHART: organized arrangement of values from dark to
light or light to dark.

ELEMENTS OF ART Beginning Drawing NOTES

The basic elements of art are:LINE: mark made with a moving pointed toolSHAPE: a two
dimensional area defined in some wayFORM: is any object that has 3 dimensions ( length, width,
and depth)VALUE: element of art that shows how dark or light something is.TEXTURE: visual
patterns that make you think how the image would feel if it was actually touched( actual: you can
actually feel it, invented: made up, simulated: a drawing of a rabbit, a painting of the sand dunes
etc.)COLOR: Element of art that is derived from reflected light: