8) Roof Thickness Verification As Per API 620

Nomenclature

P = Total pressure in lbs/ft2 acting at a given level of the tank under the
particular condition of loading.
= P1 + Pg

P1 = Pressure in lbs/ft2 resulting from the liquid head at the level under
consideration in the tank.

Pg = Gas pressure in lbs/ft2 above the surface of the liquid. The maximum
gas pressure(not exceeding 15 lbs/ft2) is the nominal pressure rating
of the tank. Pg is the positive except in computation used to investigate
the ability of the tank to withstand a partial vacuum; in such
computations its value is negative.

T1 = Meridional unit force in lbs/inch of latitudinal arc, in the wall of the tank
at the level of the tank under consideration.
T1 is positive when in tension.

T2 = Latitudinal unit force in lbs/in of maridional arc, in the wall of the tank
under consideration. T2 is positive when in tension.(in cylindrical
side walls the latitudinal unit forces are circumferential unit forces)

R1 = Radius of curvature of the tank side wall in inch in a meridional plane

at the level under consideration. R1 is to be considered negative
when it is on the side of the tank wall opposite from R2 except
as provided in 5.10.2.6

R2 = Length in inch of the normal to the tank wall at the level under
consideration measured from the wall of the tank to the axis of the
revolution. R2 is always positive except as provided in 5.10.2.6

W = Total weight in lbs of that portion of the tank and its contents(either
above the level under consideration, as in figure 5-4 panel b, or
below it, as in figure 5-4 panel a) that is treated as a free body on the
computations for that level. Strictly speaking the total weight would
include the weight of all metal, gas and liquid in the portion of the
tank treated as described; however the gas weight is negligible and
the metal weight may be negligible compared with the liquid weight.
W shall be given the same sign as P when it acts in the same
direction as the pressure on the horizontal face of the free body;
 it shall be given the opposite sign when it acts in the opposite
direction.

At = Cross section area in in2 of the side walls, roof or bottom of the tank
at the level under consideration.

t = Thickness in inch of the side walls, roof or bottom of the tank

at the level under consideration.

c = Corrosion allowance in inch

E = Joint efficiency

Sts = Maximum allowable stress for simple tension in lbs/in2 as given in

table S-2

Sca = Allowable compressive stress in lbs/in2 established as prescribed

in 5.5.4
8.1) DESIGN DATA :

Design Code
Client's Specs

Fluid
Material
Design Density of Contents =
=
Density of water for hydrotest
=
Specific Gravity Of Contents
Material Yield Strength =
=
Design Temperature
=
Internal Pressure =

External Pressure =
Liquid Level (Considering worse scenario) =
=
Design Liquid Level(Considering worse scenario) =
=
Allowable Tensile Stress At Design Temperature =

Corrosion Allowance
Shell

Bottom

Roof

Inside Dia of Tank D =

=

Nominal Dia of Tank Dn =

=

Outside Dia of tank D0 =

=

Height of Shell =
=
Weight of Roof Curb Angle
Weight of Stair/Platform, Accessories including Nozzles =
Wind Velocity =
=
Yield Strength of Steel Structure =
8.2) Roof Design As Per API 620 5.10.2

Assumptions
Taking Thickness t = 8
= 0.315
Joint Efficiency E = 0.7

Radius Of Dome rr = 1.0 x D

= 41.85

Height Of Dome Roof h = rr - {1/2 X (4rr2-C2)0.5}

= 8.00
= 2.44
Angle b/w the normal to roof a = 53.99
and a horizontal line at the roof to shell juncture
Arc Length L = .01745 X rr X a
= 39.4310393836
Angle b/w the normal to roof q = 36.01
and a vertical line at the roof to shell juncture

Roof Area At' = 288 x p x rr x h

= 302842
Roof Weight W = Density x t x Roof Area
Roof Weight including Access. 27022
= 38022
Roof Weight W = 27022

Cross sectional Area At = 273908

at roof to shell junction = 1902

As per API 620 5.10.2.5.a

For Spherical Seg. R1 = R2 = Rs = 41.85

= 502.24
As per API 620 5.10.2.5.c
R3 = Rc = D/2 = 24.606
= 295.28

Case I : Thickness At The Top Head Edge Against Internal Pressure

W/At = -0.139 psi

W/At' = -0.1256 psi
Now Calculating Meridional and Latitudinal Forces

T1 = Rs/2(P+W/At)

= 58 lbf/in

T2 = Rs x (P+W/At x cos a) - T1

87 lbf/in
Now As Per 5.10.3.2
If T1 and T2 both are +ve, then

T = Max.(T1 and T2)

87 lbf/in

tcalc. = T/(Sts.E) + C.A

= 0.007 inch
Case II : Thickness At The Top Head Center Against Internal Pressure

T1' = Rs/2(P+W/At')

= 61 lbf/in

T2' = Rs x (P+W/At') - T1
= 61 lbf/in

Now As Per 5.10.3.2

If T1 and T2 both are +ve, then

T = Max.(T1' and T2')

= 61 lbf/in

tcalc. = T/(Sts.E) + C.A

0.005 inch

As these thicknesses are calculated based on the internal pressure of

= 0.37 psi
Therefore,
Back calculating the internal pressure limited by the actual provided thickness

tprov. = T/(Sts.E) + C.A

T = (tprov. - C.A) X Sts X E

= 4134 lbf/in
Now putting this value of T in the equation of T2, where we find the
maximum calculated thickness

T2 = Rs x (P+W/At x cos a) - T1

T = Rs x (P+W/At x cos a) - Rs/2(P+W/At)

P = (2 X T/Rs) - W/At(2*cos a -1)

= 16.486

As Per 7.18.3.2, Roof will be safe against the Hydro Test Pressure
of 1.25 x internal pressure i.e. 0.4625
Case III : Thickness At The Top Head Edge Against External Pressure

W = - (Live Load + Dead Load) x Roof Area

-ve sign id due to the downward direction of load

= -(25 + weight of roof in lbs/ft2) x roof area

= -90599 lbf

W/At = -0.331 psi

W/At' = -0.299 psi

Now Calculating Meridional and Latitudinal Forces

T1 = Rs/2(P+W/At)
= -98.1 lbf/in

T2 = Rs x (P+W/At x cos a) - T1
-29.7 lbf/in
Now As Per 5.10.3.5

T' = Max.{ABS(T1) , ABS(T2)}

= 98.1 lbf/in

T" = Min.{ABS(T1) , ABS(T2)}

29.7 lbf/in
Similarly,
R' = R2 = 502.24 inch
R" = R1 = 502.24 inch
Now,
t18 = Sqrt{(T'+0.8 X T") X R'}/1342 + C.A
= 0.1843 inch

t19 = SQRT{T'' x R''}/1000 + CA

0.1221 inch

Now; As per 5.10.3.5.b

Step-2

t18 - C.A
= 0.0004 < .0067
R'
t19 - C.A
= 0.0002 < .0067
R''

treq = Max(t18 , t19)

treq = 0.184 inch
tprovided = 0.315 inch
Case IV :Thickness At The Top Head Center Against External Pressure

T1' = Rs/2(P+W/At' )

= -90.19 lbf/in

T2' = Rs(P+W/At' ) -T1'

= -90.19 lbf/in
Now As Per 5.10.3.5

T' = Max.{ABS(T1' ) , ABS(T2' )}

90.19 lbf/in
T" = Min.{ABS(T1' ) , ABS(T2' )}
90.19 lbf/in
Similarly
R' = R2 502.24 inch
R" = R1 502.24 inch
Now,
t18 = Sqrt{(T'-0.8 X T") X R'}/1342 + C.A
0.071
t19 = SQRT{T'' x R''}/1000 + CA
0.213
Now; As per 5.10.3.5.b
Step-2
t18 - C.A
= 0.0001 < .0067
R'

t19 - C.A
= 0.0004 < .0067
R''

treq = Max(t18 , t19)

treq = 0.213 inch

tprovided = 0.315 inch

As these thicknesses are calculated based on the external pressure of

P = 0.060 psi
Therefore,
Back calculating the external pressure limited by the actual provided thickness
Now; As per 5.10.3.5.a
t19 = SQRT{T'' x R''}/1000 + CA

tprovided = SQRT{T'' x R''}/1000 + CA

T'' = [(tprovided-C.A) x 1000 ]2 / R''

T'' = 197.517 lbs/in

T'' = -Rs/2(P+W/At' )

Pext = 2/Rs x T'' - W/At'

-0.487 Psi
el of the tank under the

ead at the level under

the liquid. The maximum

nominal pressure rating
putation used to investigate
acuum; in such

arc, in the wall of the tank

rc, in the wall of the tank

ension.(in cylindrical
umferential unit forces)

nch in a meridional plane

considered negative
ite from R2 except

at the level under

tank to the axis of the
rovided in 5.10.2.6

and its contents(either

gure 5-4 panel b, or
ted as a free body on the
g the total weight would
d in the portion of the
weight is negligible and
ed with the liquid weight.
t acts in the same
ace of the free body;
cts in the opposite

oof or bottom of the tank

ottom of the tank

n in lbs/in2 as given in

blished as prescribed
API 620 11TH Edd.2008 ADD.03
RT9S-2500-01,RT9S-1000-01

CARBONATE SOLUTION
A-240-304
1200 Kg/m3
74.916 lbs/ft3
1000 Kg/m3
62.43 lbs/ft3
1.2
163.41 Mpa
23700 psi
284 O
F
0C
140
0.37 psi
53.28 psf
0.060 psi
9500 mm
31.17 ft
9500 mm
31.168 ft
129.28 Mpa
18750 psi

0 mm
0.00 inch
0 mm
0.00 inch
0 mm
0.00 inch

15000 mm
15.00 m
49.21 ft
15008 mm
15.008 m
49.24 ft
15016 mm
15.016 m
49.27 ft
591.18 inch
9500 mm
9.5 m
31.168 ft
2300 lbs
11000 lbs (Assumed)
96.31 mph
155
36000 psi
 mm
inch

( 0.8D TO 1.2D)
ft

ft
m

.01745 X rr X a
ft

in2
x Roof Area
lbf Uncorroded
lbf Uncorroded
lbf Corroded

in2
ft2

ft
inch

ft
inch

force acting in downward direction

Equation 1 of 5.10.2.1

Equation 2 of 5.10.2.1
ovided thickness

psi
x Roof Area

ft2) x roof area

Equation 1 of 5.10.2.1

Equation 2 of 5.10.2.1

Solving By Equation 18 of API 620

Solving By Equation 19 of API 620

 Solving By Equation 18 of API 620

Solving By Equation 19 of API 620

rovided thickness
 P
e
a
C
h

Jmin g

Ød
f
 P
e
a

C
h
Jmin g

Ød

f
###
a

Ød
a

Ød