Midterm Statistics I Fall 2010

October 22, 2010 11:00-13:00

Instructor Kairat Mynbaev
Student name _________________________
A correct answer without explanations doesn’t count. The maximum you can get for this exam is 51
points.
1. What is the probability that the number drawn is even in the next cases?
a. I randomly draw one of the numbers 1, 2, …, 99, 100.
b. I randomly draw one of the natural numbers.
2 points
2. The statistics professor in the beginning of the class records two types of data about each student
entering the class. He uses the observations to produce two plots: stem-and-leaf display and times
series plot. Which of the following pairs of variables is more likely to have been observed: (hair
color, age), (gender, amount of cash the student has at the moment), (student’s height, student’s
weight) or (distance from student’s residence to campus, amount of time the student is late for the
class)?
3 points
3. A statistic is calculated for a sample of size n . Then a new observation is added to the sample and
the statistic does not change. What can be said about the new observation if the statistic is: a) mean,
b) median, c) mode?
4 points
4. Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient for the following data:
164.31 61.38
135.05 81.20
139.62 31.65
155.35 26.03
127.50 6.19
143.99 54.27
199.78 117.11
125.67 45.13
194.78 85.06
181.94 97.75
148.61 16.80
160.73 45.53
151.23 54.99
209.31 123.55
215.67 137.74
224.32 164.39
194.15 79.28
163.01 45.17
130.21 37.83
133.76 51.71
Calculate in the most efficient way and show the most important intermediate results.
10 points
5. Prove multiplicativity of means providing the necessary definitions and explaining all steps.
5 points
6. Derive the formula for variance of a linear combination.
4 points
7. (From NCT) State, with reasons, whether each of the following statements is true or false (each
correct answer is worth 1 point):
a. The complement of the union of two events is the intersection of their complements.
b. The sum of the probabilities of collectively exhaustive events must equal 1.
c. The number of combinations of x objects chosen from n is equal to the number of
combinations of (n - x) objects chosen from n, where 1 ≤ x ≤ n − 1 .
d. If A and B are two events, the probability of A, given B, is the same as the probability of B,
given A, if the probability of A is the same as the probability of B.
e. If an event and its complement are equally likely to occur, the probability of that event must
be 0.5.
f. If A and B are independent, then the complements of A and B must be independent.
g. If A and B are mutually exclusive, then the complements of A and B must be mutually
exclusive.
h. An experiment consists in throwing two coins and counting the number of successes. Two
mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events are suggested to describe the outcome.
Then each of these events contains no more than one element.
8 points
8. (From NCT) In a campus restaurant it was found that 35% of all customers order hot meals and that
50% of all customers are students. Further, 25% of all customers who are students order hot meals.
a. What is the probability that a randomly chosen customer both is a student and orders a hot
meal?
b. If a randomly chosen customer orders a hot meal, what is the probability that the customer is a
student?
c. What is the probability that a randomly chosen customer both does not order a hot meal and is
not a student?
d. Are the events "Customer orders a hot meal" and "Customer is a student" independent?
e. Are the events "Customer orders a hot meal" and "Customer is a student" mutually exclusive?
f. Are the events "Customer orders a hot meal" and "Customer is a student" collectively
exhaustive?
4 points
9. (From NCT) The sample space contains 10 A's and 6 B's. What is the probability that a randomly
selected set of 4 will include 2 A's and 2 B's? State the conditions for applicability of classical
probability.
4 points
10. (From NCT) Students in a college were classified according to years in school (X) and number of
visits to a museum in the last year (Y = 0 for no visits, 1 for one visit, 2 for more than one visit).
The joint probabilities in the accompanying table were estimated for these random variables.
Number of Years in school (X)
Visits (Y) 1 2 3 4
0 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02
1 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.15
2 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.10
a. Find the probability that a randomly chosen student has not visited a museum in the last year.
b. Find the means of the random variables X and Y.
c. Find and interpret the covariance between the random variables X and Y.
7 points