Task 1 : Learning Task for Learning Activity 1 (M2 LA 1)
Analyze the generic structures of the three text ! and are sure that the three texts are categorized into descriptive text ? Elaborate your answer!
1. Generic Structur e of Descriptive Text.
Text 1. EIFFEL TOWER
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and (General built the tower. Constructed from 1887–89 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it identification: IDENTIFICATION was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, where, who, when, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable and what) structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Important Detail 1 Washington Monument tobecome the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it (The heigh) held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the DESCRIPTION Eiffel Tower is the second tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be Important Detail – 2 purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels. The climb (The heigh) from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift. Text 2. DEMOCRACY Democracy, in modern usage, is a system of government in which the citizens (General exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a identification: IDENTIFICATION governing body, such as a parliament. Democracy is sometimes referred to as "rule of where, who, when, the majority". Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend and what) on what participants do, but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes. The uncertainty of outcomes is inherent in democracy, which makes all forces struggle repeatedly for the realization of their interests, being the devolution of power from a group of people to a set of rules. Western democracy, as distinct from that which Important Detail 1: existed in pre-modern societies, is generally considered to have originated in city states The origin of such as Classical Athens and the Roman Republic, where various schemes and democracy degrees of enfranchisement of the free male population were observed before the form disappeared in the West at the beginning of late antiquity. The English word dates to the 16th century, from the older Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents. According to political scientist Larry Diamond, democracy consists of four key Important Detail 2 elements: a political system for choosing and replacing the government through free Four key elements in and fair elections; the active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic DESCRIPTION democracy life; protection of the human rights of all citizens; a rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens. The term appeared in the 5th century BC, to denote the political systems then existing in Greek city-states, notably Athens, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to aristocracy (ἀριστοκρατία, aristokratía), meaning "rule of an elite". While theoretically Important Detail 3: these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred History of democracy historically. The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic and democracy with citizenship to free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation. In other forms of virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, government. democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. Text 3. ENCYCLOPEDIA of LANGUAGE and EDUCATION This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published (General by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the identification: IDENTIFICATION language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible where, who, when, linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around and what) the world. This interdisciplinary and internationalizing impetus has been immeasurably enhanced by the advice and support of the editorial advisory board members, several of whom served as volume editors in the Encyclopedia’s first edition (designated here with*), and Important Detail 1: all of whom I acknowledge here with gratitude: Neville Alexander (South Africa), Colin Interdisciplinary and Baker (Wales), Marilda Cavalcanti (Brazil), Caroline Clapham* (Britain), Bronwyn internationalizing Davies* (Australia), Viv Edwards* (Britain), Frederick Erickson (USA), Joseph Lo impetus of Bianco (Australia), Luis Enrique Lopez (Bolivia and Peru), Allan Luke (Singapore and encyclopedia Australia), Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (Denmark), Bernard Spolsky (Israel), G. Richard Tucker* (USA), Leo van Lier* (USA), Terrence G. Wiley (USA), Ruth Wodak* (Austria), and Ana Celia Zentella (USA). In conceptualizing an encyclopedic approach to a field, there is always the challenge Important Detail 2 of the hierarchical structure of themes, topics, and subjects to be covered. In this DESCRIPTION the challenge of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education, the stated topics in each volume’s table of hierarchical structure contents are complemented by several cross-cutting thematic strands recurring across of themes, topics, and the volumes, including the classroom/pedagogic side of language and education; subjects to be issues of identity in language and education; language ideology and education; covered. computer technology and language education; and language rights in relation to education. Important Detail 3: The explanation of volume editors’ Paragraph 5, 6, 7 and 8 discplinary and interdisciplinary interest