Imogene King Handout

7/10/2013
Imogene King
King’s Conceptual System &
Theory of Goal Attainment
Brandon Rachal
Imogene King
 First to develop
nursing framework
and a nursing
theory related to
the nursing
framework
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Ancestry of Imogene King
Born in West Point, Iowa
January 30, 1923
Received diploma in nursing from St. John’s

Hospital School of Nursing, St. Louis, MO
1945
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Received BSN in Nursing Education from Saint Louis

University, Saint Louis, MO
1948
Received MSN from Saint Louis University, Saint

Louis, MO
1957
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Received Doctorate of Education from Teacher’s

College, Columbia University, NYC
1961
While working as associate professor of nursing at

Loyola University in Chicago (1961-1966), she
developed a master’s degree program and
published her first theory article in Nursing Science
with Dr. Martha Rogers as editor
1964
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Served as Assistant Chief of Research Grants

Branch, Division of Nursing in the US Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare.
Published “A Conceptual Frame of Reference for

Nursing” in Nursing Research
1966-68
Served as director of the School of Nursing at Ohio

State University in Columbus
Published her first book (1971) Toward a Theory for

Nursing: General Concepts of Human Behavior
1968-72
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Received Honorary Doctorate from Southern Illinois

University
Appointed professor at University of South Florida,

College of Nursing , Tampa FL
1981 –Published her second book, A Theory for Nursing:

Systems, Concepts, Process
1980-81
Published third book, Curriculum and Instruction in

Nursing: Concepts and Process
1990 – Retired and named professor emeritus at

University of South Florida
1986-90
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Intellectual Ancestors & Philosophy
 Systems and Interactional Approach

 General System Theory & Interaction Theory
 Ludwig Von Bertalanffy
 Greek Philosophy
 Aristotelian-Thomas perspective
 Individuals strive for the end goal of happiness and
flourishing
Developing a Theory
1968 – In A Conceptual Frame of Reference for Nursing,
King began to argue that a theoretical body of
knowledge was necessary for the advancement of
nursing
Introduced Concepts of Social Systems, Health,

Interpersonal Relationships, and Perceptions
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Refining a Theory
1971 – In Toward a Theory for Nursing,
began to refine the conceptual system
 What is the goal of nursing?

 What are the functions of nurses?
 How can nurses continue to expand
knowledge to provide quality care?
Environment and Person
Health and Illness
Adaptation
Adjustment
Man
Human Being
Refining the Conceptual System
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Conceptual Model
Reflects the metaparadigm of person,
environmental, health, and nursing as
systems
Open systems interacting with the environment
Environment
 Holistic & Transformative
 Individuals continually adjust their internal

environment to transform energy to adjust
with the continuous change of the
external environment
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Health
 A process of human growth & development
 Constant dynamic change in state of health
 Relates to how individuals deal with the stress

related to growth & development while
functioning with in the cultural patterns which
the were born and attempt to conform
 Illness is an imbalance in the person’s

physiological and psychological makeup
causing a disturbance in state of person
Nursing
 Focus is human being & human acts
 Action – Reaction – Interaction

 Share information about perception of the
situation
 This interaction leads to nurse-client
transactions to establish expectations, mutual
goals, and interdependent roles
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Concept of Person
Individuals (patient or nurse) gathers information to

assess him in understanding others
Personal
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• Age
• Habits
• Situations
• Place in Family
• Roles
Open systems responding to stimuli based on

expectations of people, events, and objects
Personal
Interpersonal
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Concepts
Communication
Interaction
Roles
Stress
Coping
Transactions
Dyads or triads of people interacting. Perceptions

shape the person to person interactions BUT
communication is the mode through which
individuals make transactions
Interpersonal
Setting goals
Choosing attainment strategies
Maintaining their health
Interpersonal Transactions
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Social
Concepts
Authority
Decision Making
Organization
Power
Status
Organized boundary system of social roles,

behaviors, & practices developed to maintain
values and the mechanisms to regulate practice
rules
Social
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From Conceptual Framework to Midrange Theory
1981 – What is the nature of nursing?
A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts,

Process
Goal Attainment Theory

 Mutual goal setting between a nurse and
a client is based on
 (A) nurses’ assessment of a client’s concerns,
problems, and disturbances in health
 (B) nurses’ and clients’ perceptions of tine
interference; and
 (C) their sharing of information whereby each
functions to help the client attain the goals
identified
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A Model of Transaction
Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Reaction Interaction Transaction
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If perceptual congruence is present in nurse-client interactions,

transactions will occur
Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If nurse and client make transactions goals will be attained
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Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If goals are attained satisfactions will occur
Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth and

development will be enhanced
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Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If role expectations and role performance as perceived by

nurse and client are congruent transactions will occur
Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If role conflict is experienced by nurse and client or both, stress

in nurse-client interactions will occur
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Feedback
Perception
Nurse Judgment
Action
Action
Patient Judgment
Perception
Feedback
If nurses with special knowledge and skills communicate

appropriate information to clients, mutual goal setting and goal
attainment will occur
Major Assumptions
Overall, based on her conceptual framework
The focus of nursing is human beings

interacting with their environment leading to a
state of health for individuals which is an ability
to function in social roles
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Conceptual Assumptions
Empirical Referents
 Curriculum  Short Term
Development Psychotherapy
 OSU/ Loyola /
University of Florida
 Nursing Practice
 Nursing
 Documentation Administration
System  Healthcare
 Goal Oriented Organizations
Nursing Record  Clinical Pathways
 Nursing Informatics
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Significance
21

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7/10/2013

Ancestry of Imogene King

Born in West Point, Iowa

January 30, 1923

Ancestry of Imogene King

Received diploma in nursing from St. John’s

Ancestry of Imogene King

Received BSN in Nursing Education from Saint Louis

Ancestry of Imogene King

Received MSN from Saint Louis University, Saint

Ancestry of Imogene King

Received Doctorate of Education from Teacher’s

Ancestry of Imogene King

While working as associate professor of nursing at

Ancestry of Imogene King

Served as Assistant Chief of Research Grants

Published “A Conceptual Frame of Reference for

Ancestry of Imogene King

Served as director of the School of Nursing at Ohio

Published her first book (1971) Toward a Theory for

Ancestry of Imogene King

Received Honorary Doctorate from Southern Illinois

Appointed professor at University of South Florida,

1981 –Published her second book, A Theory for Nursing:

Ancestry of Imogene King

Published third book, Curriculum and Instruction in

1990 – Retired and named professor emeritus at

Intellectual Ancestors & Philosophy

 Systems and Interactional Approach

Introduced Concepts of Social Systems, Health,

 What is the goal of nursing?

Environment and Person

Health and Illness

Refining the Conceptual System

Open systems interacting with the environment

 Individuals continually adjust their internal

 Relates to how individuals deal with the stress

 Illness is an imbalance in the person’s

 Action – Reaction – Interaction

Individuals (patient or nurse) gathers information to

Open systems responding to stimuli based on

Dyads or triads of people interacting. Perceptions

Choosing attainment strategies

Maintaining their health

Organized boundary system of social roles,

From Conceptual Framework to Midrange Theory

1981 – What is the nature of nursing?

A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts,

Goal Attainment Theory

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If perceptual congruence is present in nurse-client interactions,

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If nurse and client make transactions goals will be attained

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If goals are attained satisfactions will occur

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth and

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If role expectations and role performance as perceived by

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If role conflict is experienced by nurse and client or both, stress

Reaction Interaction Transaction

If nurses with special knowledge and skills communicate