NATIONAL AIRWAYS PLC PART A

CHAPTER 3
COMPANY OPERATIONS MANUAL

OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION

TABLE OF TENTS...............................................................................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............................................7
3.1.0. OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION….......................………………………………………….………………….......................7
3.2.0. QUALIFIED PERSONS REQ. FOR OPERATIONAL CONTROL FUNCTIONS (ECARAS 8.13.1.2……............................................………7
3.3.0. FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OPERATIONAL CONTROL (ECARAS 8.13.1.3)……........................………….………....................….8
3.4.0. OPERATIONAL CONTROL DUTIES………………………………………………………………………........................................................8
3.4.0.1 DUTIES OF FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER/FLIGHT DISPATCHER (ECARAS 8.13.1.4)…...................................................................9
3.5.0 NATIONAL AIRWAYS FLIGHT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (ECARAS 9.3)…………………………............................................……10
3.6.0 OPERATIONS MANUAL (ECARAS 9.3.1.2) ………………………………………………………..........………............................….…..10
3.7.0 SUPERVISION OF THE OPERATION……………………………………………………………………………..............................................11
3.8.0. THE OPERATIONS ASSISTANT……………………………………………………………………………………...........................................11
3.8.1. PLANNING DATA…………………………………………………………………………………………………............................................12
3.8.2 PLANNING PERIOD………………………………………………………………………………………….....................................................12
3.9.0 ROSTER RELEASE.....................................................................................................................................................…..........................12
3.10.0 RECORDS……………………………………………………………………………………………………....................…........................…13
3.10.1 OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………....................…………..........................13
3.10.2 TRAINING FILES……………………………………………………………………...................……………………………..........................13
3.11.0 RENEWAL BOARDS………………………………………………………………………………………...................………........................13
3.11.1 PROCESS……………………………………………………………………………………………....................………........................…….13
3.11.2 MONITORING……………………………………………………………………………………....................………………........................14
3.12.0 FLIGHT PLANNING AND SUPERVISION (ECARAS 8.6)………………………………………....................……………..........................14
3.12.1 FLIGHT PLANS (ECARAS 8.6.1)……………………………………………………………....................…………………...........................14
3.12.2 SUBMISSION OF A FLIGHT PLAN (ECARAS 8.6.1.1)………………………………………………...................……........................……14
3.12.3 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FLIGHT PLAN— COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT (ECARAS 8.6.1.2)……...................…............................15
3.12.4 OPERATIONAL FLIGHT PLAN— COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT (ECARAS 8.6.2.26)………....................………….........................15
3.12.5 CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT PLAN (ECARAS 8.6.1.3)…………………………………………………...................……........................….16
3.12.6 CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT RELEASE/OPERATIONAL FLIGHT PLAN (ECARAS 8.13.1.5)……………….............................................…16
3.12.7 PLANNED RE CLEARANCE (ECARAS 8.6.1.4)...................................................................................................................................17
3.12.8 CHANGES TO A FLIGHT PLAN (ECARAS 8.6.1.5) ......................................................................................................................17
3.12.9 FLIGHT RELEASEAIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS (ECARAS 8.13.1.6).......................................................................................................17
3.12.10 FLIGHT RELEASE (ECARAS 8.13).....................................................................................................................................................17
3.12.10.1 APPLICABILITY (ECARAS 8.13.1.1)…...........................................................................................................................................17
3.13.0 AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (ECARAS 8.6.2.1)...................................................................................17
3.14.0 ADEQUACY OF OPERATING FACILITIES (ECARAS 8.6.2.2.)……………………………………………................................................17
3.14.0 ADEQUECY OF OPERATING FACILITIES (ECARAS 8.6.2.2.).............................................................................................................18
3.14.0.1 APP. TO AEROPLANES CERTIFICATED IN ACC.WITH PARTS IIIA AND IIIB OF ANNEX 8 (ECARAS 8.6.2.3).................................18
3.14.1 FLIGHT RELEASE—FACILITIES AND NOTAMS (ECARAS 8.13.1.7)....................................................................................................20
3.14.2 FLIGHT RELEASE—IN ICING CONDITIONS (ECARAS 8.13.1.9)........................................................................................................20
3.14.3 FLIGHT RELEASE— WEATHER REPORTS AND FORECASTS.................................................................................................................20
3.14.4 FLIGHT RELEASE REQUIRED (ECARAS 8.6.2.25)................................................................................................................................21
3.14.4.1 ALL AEROPLANES OPERATED IN ACC. WITH THE INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (ECARAS 8.6.1.6)................................................21
3.14.5 CLOSING A FLIGHT PLAN (ECARAS 8.6.1.7)....................................................................................................................................21
3.14.6 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................................................22

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CHAPTER 3
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OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION

3.14.7 FLIGHT PLANNING AND PREPARATION (ECARAS 8.6.2).................................................................................................................22

3.14.8 DISPATCH DOCUMENTS....................................................................................................................................................................22
3.15.0 IFR DESTINATION AERODROMES (ECARAS 8.6.2.8).........................................................................................................................23
3.15.0.1 ADDITIONAL REQ. FOR OPS. BEYOND 60 MINUTES TO ANEN-ROUTE ALTERNATE AERODROME (ECARAS .6.2.9)...................23
3.15.0.2 FUEL REQUIREMENTS (ECARAS 8.13.1.11).....................................................................................................................................23
3.15.1 FLIGHT RELEASE-UNDER VFR OR IFR (ECARAS 8.13.1.10)................................................................................................................24
3.15.2 FLIGHT RELEASE- MINIMUM FUEL SUPPLY (ECARAS 8.13.1.12).......................................................................................................24
3.15.3 FLIGHT RELEASE-AIRCRAFT LOADING AND PERFORMANCE (ECARAS 8.13.1.15)........................................................................24
3.15.4 FLIGHT RELEASE-AMENDMENT OR RE-RELEASE EN ROUTE PERFORMANCE (ECARAS 8.13.1.20)..................................................25
3.16.0 IFR DESTINATION ALTERNATE REQUIREMENT (ECARAS 8.6.2.10)....................................................................................................25
3.16.1 IFR ALTERNATE AERODROME SELECTION CRITERIA (ECARAS 8.6.2.11).........................................................................................25
3.17.0 OFFSHORE ALTERNATES FOR HELICOPTER OPERATIONS (ECARAS 8.6.2.12).................................................................................26
3.18.0 TAKEOFF ALTERNATE AERODROMES (ECARAS 8.6.2.13)................................................................................................................26
3.18.0.1 TAKEOFF ALTERNATE HELIPORT (ECARAS 8.6.2.14)......................................................................................................................26
3.18.0.2 DESTINATION ALTERNATE HELIPORT (ECARAS 8.6.2.15)...............................................................................................................26
3.18.1 MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AN ADEQUATE AERODROME FOR TWIN-ENGINED AEROPLANES WITHOUT AN ETOPS APPROVAL
(ECARAS 8.6.2.16)........................................................................................................................................................................................26
3.19.0 EXTENDED RANGE OPERATIONS WITH TWIN-ENGINED AEROPLANES (ECARAS 8.6.2.17)............................................................28
3.19.1 EN ROUTE ALTERNATE AERODROMES— ETOPS OPERATIONS (ECARAS 8.6.2.18)..........................................................................28
3.20.0 FLIGHT DISPATCH FOLIO ......................................................................................................................................................30
3.21.0 VOYAGE REPORT..............................................................................................................................................................................30
3.22.0 TAKEOFF ALTERNATE AERODROMES................................................................................................................................................30
3.23.0 INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING A VOYAGE REPORT.............................................................................................................................31
3.24.0 DISRIBUTION OF THE FILLED IN VOYAGE REPORT …………………………………………………........................................................31
3.25.0 FLIGHT RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISPATCH CHECKLIST…………………………………………...........................................................32
3.26.0 GENERAL DECLARATION, TICKETING & PASSENGER MANIFEST......................................................................................................32
3.27.0 TICKETING POLICY.............................................................................................................................................................................32
3.28.0 WEATHER REPORTS AND FORECASTS (ECARAS 8.6.2.4)..................................................................................................................33
3.28.1WEATHER REPORTING SOURCES (ECARAS 9.3.1.21).........................................................................................................................33
3.28.2 FLIGHT RELEASE-WITH AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR EQUIPMENT ECARAS8.13.1.21)…………….............................................…..35
3.28.3 WEATHER LIMITATIONS FOR VFR FLIGHTS (ECARAS 8.6.2.5)...........................................................................................................35
3.28.3.1 WEATHER CONDITIONS (ECARAS 8.6.2.6)………………………………………………………………..............................................35
3.28.4 PROCEDURES FOR REPORTING AIRFIELD OBSERVED WEATHER......................................................................................................36
3.28.5 RAIN RELATED COMMUNICATION TO CREW...................................................................................................................................38
3.29.0. FLIGHT FOLLOWING ………………………………………………………………………………………...............................................…38
3.29.1 FLIGHT SUPERVISION AND MONITORING SYSTEM (ECARAS 9.3.1.23)...........................................................................................39
3.29.2 MANAGING FATIGUE-RELATED SAFETY RISKS (ECARAS 9.3.1.24)..................................................................................................40
3.29.3 MANAGING FATIGUE-RELATED SAFETY RISKS- BEING DEVELOPED(IS 9.3.1.24)............................................................................42
3.30.0 CONTROL OF CREW FATIGUE……………………………………………………………………………...................….............................46
3.30.1 SOURCES OF DATA............................................................................................................................................................................47
3.31.0 USE OF NAVIGATION FLIGHT PLANS................................................................................................................................................47
3.32.0AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL LOG ENTRIES – JOURNEY RECORDS SECTION.............................................................................................47
3.33.0 INOPERATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT (ECARAS 8.2.1.6).................................................................................................48

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3.33.1 CIVIL A/C FLIGHT MANUAL, MARKINGANDPLACARDREQUIREMENTS (ECARAS 8.2.1.7)….........................................................49

3.34.0 AIRWORTHINESS RELEASE.................................................................................................................................................................50
3.34.0.1HELICOPTER AIRWORTHINESS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (ECARAS 8.2.1.3)……………………….............................................51
3.34.1 SPECIAL AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE OPERATIONAL RESTRICTIONS (ECARAS 8.2.1.4).............................................................51
3.34.2 CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS (ECARAS 8.2.1.2)........................................................................................................................51
3.34.3 AIRWORTHINESS RELEASE AUTHORIZATION PERSONNEL LIST..........................................................................................................51
3.35.0 AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL LOG(ECARAS 9.2.2.8)..................................................................................................................................51
3.35.1 IMPLEMENTATION STANDARD (IS9.2.2.8)……………………………………………………………………............................................52
3.36.0 FLIGHT PLANNING DOCUMENT DISTRIBUTION AND RETENTION……………………………………....................…............................53
3.37.0 PROVISION OF OPERATIONS LIBRARY…………………………………..…………………………….….................................................53
3.38.0 INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT……....................……………………………………………………………………….........................…56
3.38.1 GENERAL INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................56
3.38.2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS (ECARAS 7.2).................................................................................................................................................57
3.38.2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (ECARAS 7.2.1.1).................................................................................................................................57
3.38.3 AIRCRAFT OPERATED AS VFR FLIGHTS (ECARAS 7.2.1.2)................................................................................................................58
3.38.4 ALL AIRCRAFT OPERATED AS VFR AT NIGHT (ECARAS 7.2.1.3).......................................................................................................58
3.38.5. ALL AIRCRAFT OPERATED AS IFR FLIGHT (ECARAS 7.2.1.4)............................................................................................................58
3.38.6 INSTRUMENTS FOR OPERATIONS. REQUIRING TWO PILOTS IN DAY VFR (ECARAS 7.2.1.5)...........................................................59
3.38.7. INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR IFR OPERATIONS (ECARAS 7.2.1.6)................................................................................................59
3.38.8 CATEGORYII: INSTRUMENTSAND EQUIPMENT APPROVAL AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS (ECARAS IS:
7.2.1.6)..........................................................................................................................................................................................................60
3.38.9 AEROPLANES OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INST. FLIGHT RULES (ECARAS 7.2.1.7)......................................................64
3.38.10 STANDBY ATTITUDE INDICATOR (ECARAS 7.2.1.8).........................................................................................................................65
3.38.11 INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT FOR CATEGORY II OPERATIONS………………………....................…………..….........................65
3.38.12 INSTUUMENT AND EQUIPMENT FOR CATEGORY III OPERATIONS (ECARAS 7.2.1.10) ...................………..….….........................67
3.38.13 AIRCRFT EQIPPED WITH AOUTOMATIC LANDING SYSTEMS …......................................................................................................70
3.38.14 ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAGS……………………………………………………………………...............................…..........................….70
3.38.15 EQUIPMENT RECORDING……………………………………………………………………………….............................................…...72
3.38.16 AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT (ECARAS 8.2.1.5)......................................................................................................73
3.38.17 INOPERATIVEINSTRUMENTSAND EQUIPMENT (IS 8.2.1.6)............................................................................................................73
3.39.0 FLYING HOURS FOR MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL..........................................................................................................................74
3.40.0 SYSTEM OF SUPERVISION AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL.............................................................................................................74
3.41.0 CONTROL, ANALYSIS AND STORAGE OF RECORDS........................................................................................................................75
3.42.0 REST PERIODS, DUTY, FLIGHT TIME.(ECARS8.12)…………………………………………………………................................................90
3.42.1 APPLICABILITY (ECARAS 8.12.1.1)....................................................................................................................................................90
3.42.1.1 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND REST PERIODS (ECARAS 8.10.1.17).............................................................................91
3.42.2 OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES (ECARAS 8.12.1.2).............................................................................................................................92
3.42.3 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER’S RESPONSIBILITY (ECARAS 8.12.1.3).........................................................................................................93
3.42.4 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS………………………………………………………………………………….…...............................................93
3.42.5 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: AUGMENTED FLIGHT CREW (ECARAS 8.12.1.7)...........................................................................................94
3.42.6 UNAUGMENTED OPERATIONS (ECARAS 8.12.1.5)...........................................................................................................................94
3.42.7 CONTACT PERIOD.............................................................................................................................................................................95
3.42.8 CREW..................................................................................................................................................................................................95

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3.42.9 DAYS OFF...........................................................................................................................................................................................95

3.42.10 DISPATCH CREW..............................................................................................................................................................................95
3.42.11 DUTY.................................................................................................................................................................................................95
3.42.12 FLIGHT CREW...................................................................................................................................................................................95
3.42.13 FLIGHT TIME......................................................................................................................................................................................95
3.42.14 FLYING DUTY PERIOD (FDP).............................................................................................................................................................96
3.42.15 MINIMUM REST PERIOD ......................................................................................................................................................96
3.42.16 BASIC MINIMUM REST (ECARAS 8.12.1.12)....................................................................................................................................96
3.42.17 NON OPERATING DAY (NOD)........................................................................................................................................................96
3.42.18 POSITIONING...................................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.19 REPORTING TIME..............................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.20 RESERVE DUTY..................................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.21 REST PERIOD.....................................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.22 ROSTERED/PLANNED DUTY..............................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.23 SCHEDULED DUTY............................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.24 SECTOR.............................................................................................................................................................................................97
3.42.25 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: SPLIT DUTY (ECARAS 8.12.1.6)....................................................................................................................97
3.42.26 AIRPORT STANDBY (ECARAS 8.12.1.9)...........................................................................................................................................98
3.42.27 OTHER STANDBY (ECARAS 8.12.1.10)............................................................................................................................................98
3.42.28 SUITABLE ACCOMMODATION........................................................................................................................................................99
3.42.29 TRAVELLING....................................................................................................................................................................................99
3.42.30 TIME ZONE DIFFERENCES (ECARAS 8.12.1.13)...............................................................................................................................99
3.42.31 CONSECUTIVE NIGHTTIME OPERATIONS (ECARAS 8.12.1.14)......................................................................................................99
3.42.32 REGULATION OF FLIGHT TIMES.......................................................................................................................................................99
3.42.33 DUTY PERIOD SPECIFICS.................................................................................................................................................................99
3.42.34 MINIMUM REST PERIOD.................................................................................................................................................................100
3.42.35 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD EXTENSIONS (ECARAS 8.12.1.8)................................................................................................................101
3.42.36 CREW MEMBER DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (ECARAS 8.5).....................................................................................................102
3.42.36.1 AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PIC(ECARAS 8.5.1.1)..............................................................................................102
3.42.36.2 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES (ECARAS 8.5.1.2)..................................................................103
3.42.37 COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL RULES AND STANDARDS (ECARAS 8.5.1.3)....................................................................................104
3.42.38 CUMULATIVE LIMITATIONS (ECARAS 8.12.1.11)..........................................................................................................................105
3.42.39 DUTY CYCLES AND TIME-OFF DUTY..............................................................................................................................................105
3.42.40 RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED BY EACH CREW MEMBER............................................................................................................105
3.42.41 RECORDS (ECARAS 8.12.1.15)......................................................................................................................................................106
3.42.42 MAXIMUM DUTY PERIOD TWO CREW AERO PLANE.....................................................................................................................106
3.42.43 CABIN CREW FLIGHT DUTY AND REST PERIODS (ECARAS 8.12.1.16)..........................................................................................106
3.42.44.0 LEVEL OF SAFETY (ECARAS 8.12.1.17).......................................................................................................................................107
3.42.45.1 FATIGUE MANAGEMENT (REF: ECARAS 8.11)...........................................................................................................................108
3.42.45.2 APPLICABILITY (REF: ECARAS 8.11.1.1).....................................................................................................................................108
3.42.45.3 MANAGING FATIGUE-RELATED SAFETY RISKS (REF: ECARAS 8.11.1.2....................................................................................108
3.43.0 SINGLE PILOT OPERATIONS ………………………………………………………………………............…............................................109

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3.44.0 NEGLIGENT OR RECKLESS OPERATIONS OF THE AIRCRAFT (ECARAS 8.5.1.4).............................................................................109

3.45.0 STOWAWAYS ONBOARD.................................................................................................................................................................109
3.46.0 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER USE OF SEAT BELTS AND SHOULDER HARNESSES (ECARAS 8.5.1.7)........................................................110
3.47.0 FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS AT DUTY STATIONS (ECARAS 8.5.1.8)......................................................................................................110
3.48.0 REQUIRED CREWMEMBER EQUIPMENT (ECARAS 8.5.1.9)..............................................................................................................111
3.49.0 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (ECARAS 7.9.1.7).........................................................................................................................111
3.50.0LAVATORY FIRE EXTINGUISHER (ECARAS 7.9.1.8)..........................................................................................................................113
3.51.0 LAVATORY SMOKE DETECTOR (ECARAS 7.9.1.9)...........................................................................................................................114
3.52.0 CRASH AXE (ECARAS 7.9.1.10)......................................................................................................................................................114
3.52.1 MARKING OF BREAK-IN POINTS (ECARAS 7.9.1.11)......................................................................................................................114
3.53.0 FIRST-AID KIT (ECARAS 7.9.1.12).....................................................................................................................................................115
3.53.1FIRST-AIDKITS (IS 7.9.1.11)................................................................................................................................................................115
3.53.1 EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT – AEROPLANES (ECARAS 7.9.1.13)....................................................................................................116
3.53.2 EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT – AEROPLANES (IS 7.9.1.12)...............................................................................................................116
3.54.0 MICROPHONES (ECARAS 8.5.1.30))...............................................................................................................................................117
3.55.0 AEROPLANE SREQUIRED TO BE EQUIPPED WITH A PRESSURE-ALTITUDE REPORTING TRANSPONDER (ECARAS
7.4.1.5)........................................................................................................................................................................................................118
3.56.0 AIRCRAFT LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION (ECARAS 7.5).............................................................................................119
3.56.1 REQUIRED AIRCRAFT LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION (ECARAS 7.5.1.1)......................................................................119
3.56.2 REQUIRED AIRCRAFT LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION FOR COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATIONS AT
NATIONAL AIRWAYS PLC (ECARAS 7.5.1.2).............................................................................................................................................119
3.56.3 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS (ECARAS 7.6 and 7.6.1.1)..........................................................................................................................120
3.56.4 WARNING INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS (ECARAS 7.7).................................................................................................................121
3.56.5 MACH NUMBER INDICATOR (ECARAS 7.7.1.1)..............................................................................................................................121
3.57.0 LOSS OF PRESSURISATION INDICATOR (ECARAS 7.7.1.2).............................................................................................................121
3.58.0 LANDING GEAR INDICATOR POSITION AND AURAL WARNING DEVICE (ECARAS 7.7.1.3)........................................................121
3.59.0 ALTITUDE ALERTING SYSTEM (ECARAS 7.7.1.4)..............................................................................................................................122
3.60.0 GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (ECARAS 7.7.1.5).........................................................................................................122
3.61.0 WEATHER RADAR (ECARAS 7.7.1.6)...............................................................................................................................................123
3.62.0 AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (ACAS) (ECARAS 7.7.1.7) ....................................................................................123
3.63.0 FORWARD LOOKING WIND SHEAR WARNING SYSTEM—TURBOJET AEROPLANES (ACAS) (ECARAS 7.7.1.8)...........................124
3.64.0 COMPLIANCE WITH CHECKLISTS (ECARAS 8.5.1.10)....................................................................................................................124
3.65.0 COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES (ECARAS 9.3.1.25).......................................................................................................................124
3.66.0 RADIO EQUIPMENT..........................................................................................................................................................................124
3.66.1 RADIO EQUIPMENT REQUIRED TO BE CARRIED..............................................................................................................................124
3.67.0 ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION DATA MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................126
3.68.0 REQUIRED CREW MEMBER EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................................................................126
3.69.0 NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT (ECARAS 7.4).......................................................................................................................................127
3.69.1 NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT—GENERAL (ECARAS 7.4.1.1)...........................................................................................................127
3.69.2 MNPS (ECARAS 7.4.1.2)…………………………………………………………………………..…………..............................................128
3.70.0. REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM (ECARAS 7.4.1.3)..................................................................................................129
3.70.0.1 REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM (IS 7.4.1.3)……………....................………..……………………............................129
3.71.0 LONG RANGE AND ETOPS PROCEDURES……………………....................…………………………………………............................130

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3.72.0 FLIGHT AND COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS (ECARAS 7.8)............................................................................................................130

3.72.1 COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS (ECARAS 7.8.1.1)............................................................................................................................130
3.72.2 (i) FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS (ECARAS 7.8.1.2).............................................................................................................................132
3.72.2 (ii) FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS (IS 7.8.1.2)…………………………………………..........................................................................…133
3.72.3 FLIGHT RECORDER ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION (ECARAS 7.8.1.3)........................................................................................158
3.72.4 COMBINATION RECORDERS (ECARAS 7.8.1.4).............................................................................................................................158
3.72.5 FLIGHT RECORDER RECORDS (ECARAS 7.8.1.5)............................................................................................................................159
3.72.6 CONTINUED SERVICEABILITY (ECARAS 7.8.1.6).............................................................................................................................159
3.72.7 RECORDINGOF DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (ECARAS 7.8.1.7)............................................................................................160
3.73.0 FLIGHT SUPERVISION AND MONITORING SYSTEM.........................................................................................................................161
3.74.0 METHODS OF DETERMINING MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDES...............................................................................................................165
3.74.1 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................................................................................165
3.74.2 MINIMUM OFF-ROUTE ALTITUDE (MORA) – JEPPSEN FORMULA...................................................................................................165
3.74.3 ALLOWANCE FOR WIND SPEED......................................................................................................................................................166
3.74.4 TABLE WIND SPEED ALLOWANCE FOR MOCA/MORA...................................................................................................................166
3.74.5 TABLE TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FOR MOCA/MORA...............................................................................................................166
3.74.6 DESCENT BELOW MSA.....................................................................................................................................................................167
3.74.7 OPERATIONS IN REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE, MINIMUM NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS OR
REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM AIRSPACE..........................................................................................................................167
3.74.8 SUITABLE TAKE-OFF ALTERNATE......................................................................................................................................................168
3.74.9 SUITABLE DESTINATION AERODROME (EXCEPT ISOLATED DESTINATION AERODROMES)...........................................................168
3.74.10 SUITABLE DESTINATION ALTERNATE..............................................................................................................................................169
3.74.11 MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES.........................................................................................................................................................169
3.74.12 PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH MINIMUM ALTITUDES/FLIGHT LEVELS FOR IFR FLIGHT......................................................................170
3.75.0 CRITERIA FOR USABILITY OF AERODROME.....................................................................................................................................171
3.76.0 ROUTES AND AREAS OF OPERATION (ECARAS 9.3.1.26)..............................................................................................................173
3.77.0 METHODS FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA............................................................................................173
3.78.0 SUITABLE TAKE-OFF ALTERNATE......................................................................................................................................................174
3.79.0. SUITABLE DESTINATION AERODROME (EXCEPT ISOLATED DESTINATION AERODROMES)..........................................................174
3.79.1. PROCEDURE FOR AIR FIELD ASSESSMENT......................................................................................................................................175
3.79.2 PROCEDURE FOR REMOTE AIR FIELD OPERATION………………………………..................................…………… ..........................175
3.80.0 NAVIGATIONAL ACCURACY (ECARAS 9.3.1.27)..........................................................................................................................177
3.81.0 AERONAUTICAL DATA CONTROL SYSTEM (ECARAS 9.3.1.19)....................................................................................................178
3.82.0 SYSTEM OF PROMULGATION..........................................................................................................................................................179
3.82.1 GENERAL.........................................................................................................................................................................................179
3.82.2 CONTENT.........................................................................................................................................................................................179
3.82.3 DISTRIBUTION...................................................................................................................................................................................180
3.82.4. AUTHORITY TO ISSUE NOTICES.......................................................................................................................................................181
3.82.5 NOTICE REVIEW...............................................................................................................................................................................181
3.82.6 FLEET NOTICE…………………………………………………………………………………….................................................................181

Revision: 04 Effective Date: 04/05/2015 Page 6