Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PRACTICAL-2
Study about basic of network (topologies) and types of network-LAN,
MAN, WAN.
WHAT IS TOPOLOGY?
Topology which refers to the way interconnection path between many
users or nodes are arranged.
A network topology may be physical, mapping hardware
configuration, or logical, mapping the path that the data must take in
order to travel around the network.
1.mesh topology:->
In mesh topology every device has dedicated point-to-point link to every other
device.
Mesh systems usually rely on a routing table, which tells every node
(a) how to communicate with the access point, and
(b) how a node should direct traffic that is trying to go somewhere.
2
2.Star topology:->
3.Tree Topology:->
2.secondary hub::
A secondary hub provides a simple physical connection
between attached device. It maybe active or passive.
REPEATER:: It is a hardware device that regenerates the received bit patterns
before sending them out.
4.Ring Topology:->
In Ring Topology, Each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection
with only two devices on either side of it.
Working::
Network users “Token passing method” for transferring data.
A short message called a Token passed around the ring.
Each computer in sequence receives token and passed it to node until
either electronic address matches of node or token return to its original
computer.
A signal is passed along ring in one direction from device to device.
Each device in ring includes repeaters, when device receives a signal
intended for another devices, its repeater regenerate the bits and passes
them to next node.
5.Bus Topology:->
Tap:: It is a connector that either splices join into the main cable or punctures
the sheathing of a cable to create a contact with metallic core.
8
As a signal travels along the backbone some its energy is transferred into
heat.
Signal becomes weaker and weaker the farther it has to travel. So, there
is a limit on the no. of taps a bus can support and the distance between
those tap.
Advantages of Bus Topology::
It is easy to set-up and extend bus network.
Cable length required for this topology is the least compared to other
networks.
Bus topology costs very less.
Linear Bus network is mostly used in small networks. Good for LAN.
Disadvantages of bus topology::
There is a limit on central cable length and number of nodes that can be
connected.
Dependency on central cable in this topology has its disadvantages.
If the main cable (i.e. bus ) encounters some problem, whole network
breaks down.
Proper termination is required to dump signals. Use of terminators is
must.
It is difficult to detect and troubleshoot fault at individual station.
Maintenance costs can get higher with time.
Efficiency of Bus network reduces, as the number of devices connected
to it increases.
It is not suitable for networks with heavy traffic.
Security is very low because all the computers receive the sent signal
from the source.
9
TYPES OF NETWORK:->
There are three types of network described as below::
1. Local Area Network(LAN).
2. Metropolitan Area Network(MAN).
3. Wide Area Network(WAN).
Limitation of LAn::
Susceptible towards violation of privacy.
Threats on data security are likely to take place.
Covers a limited data.
Maintenance costs are high.
10
Limitation of MAN::
Installation cost is high.
Requires accurate design and configuration.
THANK YOU