GAS ABSORPTION

PRINCIPLES

ABSORPTION COLUMN MODELS

TRAY-TYPE PLATE COLUMNS LIQUID FLOW
COUNTERCURRENT
CONTACTING OF GAS AND
PERFORATED
LIQUID TRAY
CONTACTING OCCURS IN OVERFLOW WEIR
LIQUID ON TRAYS
z LIQUID FLOWS PARALLEL TO THE
TRAY
z GAS FLOWS PERPENDICULAR TO
THE TRAY
GENERAL CONFIGURATION

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 TRAY DESIGNS

SIEVE TRAY
BUBBLE CAPS
VALVE TRAYS
http://www.koch-glitsch.com/koch/products/flexitray_trays.asp

http://www.jaeger.com/internals-HDbubblecaptrays.htm http://www.rauschertus.com/process_technologies/bubblecaptrays.html

PACKED COLUMN DESIGNS

COUNTERCURRENT GAS AND LIQUID
CONTACTING LIQUID/GAS INTERFACE ON
PACKING
LIQUID FLOWS OVER THE SURFACE OF
THE PACKING WITH A GENERAL
DOWNWARD DIRECTION
GAS FLOWS THROUGH INTERSTICES IN
THE PACKING WITH A GENERAL UPWARD
DIRECTION
PACKING TYPES
RANDOM
STRUCTURED

http://dtirp.dtra.mil/products/CWC/132p-12.jpg

2
 RANDOM PACKING

INSTALLED IN SECTIONS
LIQUID IN
DISTRIBUTION PLATE IS
BETWEEN SECTIONS DISTRIBUTION
PLATE GAS OUT

RELATIVE FLOWS DETERMINE PACKED

HYDRDYNAMICS
SECTION

LIMITING CASES
FLOODING
WEEPING

RANDOM PACKING DESIGNS

SHAPES
RINGS
SADDLES
OTHERS
MATERIALS
METAL
CERAMIC
PLASTIC

http://www.koch-glitsch.com/koch/products/plastic_random_packing.asp

3
RANDOM PACKING DESIGNATIONS

NOMINAL DIAMETERS
VOID FRACTION
http://www.wisconsinstamping.com/images/raschig.jpg
BULK WEIGHT
https://fscimage.fishersci.com/ecat/F_Num
bers/F70000_F79999/F73000_F73999/F73
800_F73899/F738-01~wn.jpg

http://www.koch-glitsch.com/koch/products/flexiring.asp

STRUCTURED PACKING
PACKING IS MADE IN SECTIONS AND FILLS
ENTIRE COLUMN DIAMETER

http://www.sulzerchemtech.com/DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-232/

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DESIGNS FOR TRAY COLUMNS
SET UP McCABE – THIELE DIAGRAM WITH
OPERATING LINE AND EQUILIBRIUM LINE

DILUTE SYSTEMS

WHEN OPERATING AND EQUILIBRIUM LINES

HAVE CONSTANT SLOPES – KREMSER
EQUATIONS APPLY
⎡⎛ y − mx 2 ⎞ ⎤
ln ⎢⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ (1 − 1 A) + 1 A ⎥
⎝ y 2 − mx 2 ⎠
N= ⎣ ⎦ (10 .6 − 7 )
ln A
⎡⎛ x − y1 m ⎞ ⎤
ln ⎢⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ (1 − A) + A ⎥
⎝ x1 − y1 m ⎠
N= ⎣ ⎦ (10 .6 − 8)
ln(1 A)

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 NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS

OPERATING LINE BASED ON INERT FLOWS

EQUATION (10.6-4) ⎛ x2 ⎞ ⎛ y1 ⎞ ⎛ x1 ⎞ ⎛ y ⎞
L'⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +V'⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = L'⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +V'⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟
⎝1− x2 ⎠ ⎝1− y1 ⎠ ⎝1− x1 ⎠ ⎝1− y2 ⎠
NORMALLY TIED TO ONE SET OF TERMINAL
CONDITIONS
GRAPHICAL FORM OF SOLUTION (McCABE-
THIELE DIAGRAM) PLOTS BOTH LINES

NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM STAGES

BASED ON INTEGER
STEPS BETWEEN
OPERATING LINE AND
EQUILIBRIUM LINE.
ABSORPTION,
OPERATING LINE LIES
ABOVE THE EQULIBRIUM
LINE
STRIPPING, OPERATING
LINE LIES BELOW THE
EQUILIBRIUM LINE

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 LIMITING CASES
(L/V)min
OPERATING LINE WITH TERMINATION ON EQUILIBRIUM
LINE
REQUIRES INFINITE STAGES
(L/V)min MAY OCCUR AT FIRST INTERSECTION OF
STRAIGHT LINE FROM TERMINAL POINT WITH
EQUILIBRIUM LINE
(L/V)des = (L/V)min(MULTIPLE)
DESIGN TERMINAL POINT IS BASED ON MASS BALANCE
FINITE NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM STAGES
FOR LESS THAN EQUILIBRIUM STAGES, USE MUPHREE
EFFICIENCY (11.5-2)
y − y n +1
ηM = n
y * n − y n +1

PACKING PRESSURE DROP

CONTACTING EFFICIENCY IN ABSORBER

SURFACE AREA/UNIT VOLUME
HYDRODYNAMICS
SURFACE AREA
TABLE 10.6-1 FOR A RANGE OF PACKING
TABLE 14.7b IN PERRY’S
LIMITING CONDITIONS
LOW FLUXES – CHANNELING OR WEEPING
HIGH FLUXES – FLOODING

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 PRESSURE DROP CORRELATIONS

EMPIRICAL DATA
PERRY’S FIG. 14-48
THRU 14-59
FIG. 10-6-5 &10.6-6
BASIS IS DRY
FLOW
FLOODING LIMIT
FP TABLE 10.6-1
⎛ in.w.c. ⎞
∆Pflood ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 0.115FP0.7 (10.6 − 1)
⎝ ft Packing ⎠ http://www.cheresources.com/acidpacktowerfig3print.shtml

DESIGN FLUXES

DIAMETER OF COLUMN IS BASED ON FLUX CALCULATION

NORMALLY CONTROLLED BY VAPOR FLUX
RECOMMENDED DESIGN VALUES RANGE FROM 65% - 80%
OF FLOODING
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
BEST METHOD
EDGE EFFECTS FOR SMALL TEST COLUMNS
MIST ELIMINATOR
INCLUDED IN MOST DESIGNS
RECOVERS ENTRAINED DROPLETS ABOVE PACKING

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 MIST ELIMINATORS

TYPES INCLUDE
VANE
http://www.acsseparations.com/mmstr.htm
CYCLONIC
MESH
ELECTROSTATIC

http://www.knitmesh.com/business/separatio
n/mist_eliminators/vanemisteliminators.html

MIST ELIMINATOR RANGES

TYPE
DEPENDS ON
PARTICLE
DIAMETER

http://www.knitmesh.com/bu
siness/separation/mist_elimi
nators/separationmechanis
ms.html

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 CYLCONIC MIST ELIMINATORS
DESIGN BASES
PERRY’S P. 26-36
SECTION 14.4F

http://www.epa.gov/eogapti1/m
odule6/matter/control/control.ht
http://www.koch-ottoyork.com/downloads/ProductCatalog.pdf m#esptypes

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

ESP CAN REMOVE

AEROSOLS OR PARTICULATE
FROM A GAS STREAM

http://www.epa.gov/eogapti1/module6/
matter/control/control.htm#precipit

CAN REMOVE SUBMICRON

PARTICLES

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