Symbolism -Son of Abyang Durunuun; he defeated

Ifugao God Saragnayan and won his father's freedom

-Symbolizes filipino's identify, beliefs and traditions Humadapnon
Philip Latak -2nd of the triplets; was angry at what happened
-PHILIPpine with his brother so he wanted to take revenge
Latak "Residue" Buyong Matanayon
Symbolizes filipinos who embraced other cultures -Accompanied Humadapnon; known fornhis skills in
Sam Christie swordmanship
-Uncle SAM Piganun
United states of america -Seductive sorceress
Sadek Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw
-Symbolizes filipino's who stayed in their place but -Ruler of PINILING TUBIG, he was giving his
adopting colonizers culture daughter for marriage to whoever could remove the
Grandfather huge boulder that rolled from a mountain into the
-Symbolizes filipinos who resisted colonial mentality center of the village
The mission Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan
-The colonizers Goddess of greed
3 things Duyong Makabigting
-Grecian urn, japanese sword, siamese mask -Son of the mighty DATU BALAHIDYONG of
PALING BUKID
Hinilawod Characters -Dumalapdap
Alunsina 3rd brother; left for Burutlakan-Ka-Adlaw where the
-Goddess of the eastern sky LUBAT-LUBYOK HANGINUN SI
Kaptan MAHUYOKHUYOKON
-King of the gods Dumasig
Datu Paubari -The most powerful wrestler
-A mortal; mighty ruler of halawod
Maklium-sa-twan
-God of the plains
Suklang Malayon Mars shall glow tonight,
-Goddess and guardian of happy homes; sister of Artemis is out of sight.
Alunsina Rust in the twilight sky
Labaw Donggon Colors a bloodshot eye,
-Eldest of the three Or shall I say that dust
Angoy Ginbitinan Sunders the sleep of the just?
-1st wife of Labaw Donggon from HANDUG
Manalintad Hold fast to the gift of fire!
-A monster that was killed by Labaw Donggon as a I am rage! I am wrath! I am ire!
part of his dowry The vulture sits on my rock,
Abyang Durunuun Licks at the chains that mock
-Sister of sumpoy; lord of underworld, whose Emancipation's breath,
beauty is legendary. Reeks of death, death, death.
2nd wife of Labaw Donggon, lived in TARAMBANG
BUROK Death shall not unclench me.
Sikay Padalogdog I am earth, wind and sea!
-Giant with a hundred arms Kisses bestow on the brave
Malitong Yawa Sinigmaling Diwata That defy the damp of the grave
-3rd prospect of Labaw Donggon And strike the chill hand of
Young bride of Saragnayan Death with the flaming sword of love.
Orion stirs. The vulture
Saragnayan Retreats from the hard, pure
-Lord of the darkness
Aso Mangga Thrust of the spark that burns,
-Son of Angoy Ginbitinan Unbounds, departs, returns
Abyang Baranugon To pluck out of death's fist
A god who dared to resist.

 Alley – An extension of the width of the court
by 1’6” on both sides
 Used in doubles.
 Back alley – Between the doubles back service
line and the singles back service line.
 Baseline – Another name for the back boundary
line.
 Bird – Officially known as shuttlecock. Referred
to as shuttle.
 Block – Placing the racket in front of the shuttle
and letting it rebound into the opponent’s side
of the court.
 Carry – Holding the shuttle on the racket during
a stroke. Also called a “sling” or a “throw”.
 This is illegal.
 Center or basic position – Position in which a
player stands in relation to the court, net,
opponent and shuttle.
 Clear – High, deep shot to the back boundary
line.
 Double hit – hitting the shuttle twice in the
same stroke
 This is illegal.
 Doubles – Game of four players, two on each
team.
 Down – Loss of serve given when when the
serving side fails to score.
 In doubles, the first side to serve at the
start of the game only has one down.
 Drive – A hart hit horizontal flight over the net.
 Drop shot – A stroke hit with very little speed
that falls very close to the net on the opponents
side.
 Fault – any violation of the rules.
 Game – A game consists of 15 points in doubles
and 11 points in singles.
 Hairpin stroke – Made from below and very
close to the net with the shuttle just clearing
the net and dropping sharply downward.
 Hand down – The loss of serve in doubles.
 Home position – Ideal court spot for awaiting
the opponent’s return.
 Usually at mid court near the
centerline.
 “In” side – Side having the right to serve.
 Inning – Term of service.
 Kill – Fast downward shot which usually cannot
be returned.
 Let – Play that is allowed to be re-played.
 Lob – Also called a clear, high clear, or a driven
clear that goes over the opponent’s head.
 Love – No score, the score at the beginning of
the game and after “setting” the score.
 Match – Best two out of three games.
 Mixed doubles – Games played with partners of
the opposite sex.
 “Out” side – Side receiving the serve.
 Rally – rapid returns made by players.
 Ready position – an alert body position that
allows quick movement in any direction.
 Serve or service – act of putting the shuttle into
play.
 Set or setting a game – Method of extending
games by increasing the number of points
necessary to win tied games.
 The player reaching the tied score first
has the option of “setting” the score.
 Set up – poor shot which makes a “kill” easy.
 Singles – game involving two players, on on
each side of the court.
 Smash – hard hit overhead shot which forces
the shuttle sharply downward. The main
attacking stroke.
 Stroke – action of striking the shuttle with the
racket.
 _______1. It is officially known as shuttlecock.
Referred to as shuttle.
 _______2. Placing the racket in front of the
shuttle and letting it rebound into the
opponent’s side of the court.
 _______3. Holding the shuttle on the racket
during a stroke. Also called a “sling” or a
“throw”.
 _______4. Position in which a player stands in
relation to the court, net, opponent and shuttle.
 ________5. High, deep shot to the back
boundary line.
 ________6. Hitting the shuttle twice in the
same stroke
 ________7. Game of four players, two on each
team.
 ________8. Loss of serve given when the
serving side fails to score.
 ________9. A hart hit horizontal flight over the
net.
 _______10 . An extension of the width of the
court by 1’6” on both sides
 _______11. Between the doubles back service
line and the singles back service line.
 _______12. Another name for the back
boundary line.
 _______13. A game consists of 15 points in
doubles and 11 points in singles.
 _______14. Made from below and very close to
the net with the shuttle just clearing the net
and dropping sharply downward.
 _______15. The loss of serve in doubles.
 _______16. Ideal court spot for awaiting the
opponent’s return.
 _______17. A stroke hit with very little speed
that falls very close to the net on the opponents
side.
 _______18. any violation of the rules.
 _______19. Side having the right to serve.
 _______20. Term of service.
 _______21. Fast downward shot which usually
cannot be returned.
 _______22. Play that is allowed to be re-
played.
 _______23. Also called a clear, high clear, or a
driven clear that goes over the opponent’s
head.
 _______24. Side receiving the serve.
 _______25. It is a rapid return made by
players.
 _______26. No score, the score at the
beginning of the game and after “setting” the
score.
 _______27. Best two out of three games.
 ________28. Method of extending games by
increasing the number of points necessary to
win tied games.
 _______29. hard hit overhead shot which
forces the shuttle sharply downward. The main
attacking stroke.
 _______30. It is an action of striking the
shuttle with the racket.
 _______31. Games played with partners of the
opposite sex.
 _______32. It is an alert body position that
allows quick movement in any direction.
 _______33. An act of putting the shuttle into
play.
 _______34. It is a poor shot which makes a
“kill” easy.
 _______35. A game involving two players, on
each side of the court.
Rules in Castling
 The King & Rook have not yet moved in the
game
 All squares between the King and Rook are
empty
 The King is not in check
 The King does not move to or move over a
square that is in check
4 Ways to Draw a Game
 By agreement with your opponent
 Repeating the same position three (3) times,
with the same person to move and the same
possible moves
 Stalemate: The player to move has no legal
moves and is not in check
 The 50-Move Rule: 50 moves without a check
or a piece being captured
Parts and Organelles of Animal cells
 Cell membrane - forms the outer covering of
the cell, and is semi-permeable.
 Cytoplasm - is a gel-like matrix where all the
other cell organelles are suspended inside the
cell.
 Nucleus - contains the hereditary material DNA
and directs the activities of the cell.
 Centrioles - organize the microtubules
assembly during cell division.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum - are a network of
membranes composed of rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum.
 Golgi complex - is responsible for storing,
packaging of cellular products.
 Lysosomes - are enzyme sacs, that digest
cellular wastes.
 Microtubules - are hollow rods, function
primarily as support and shape to the cell.
 Mitochondria - is the site for cellular
respiration and producers of energy.
 Ribosomes - are made of RNA and proteins,
and are sites for protein synthesis.
 Nucleolus - is the structure within the nucleus
and helps in synthesis of ribosomes.
 Nucleopore - is the tiny hole in the nuclear
membrane, allows the movement of nucleic
acids and proteins in/out of the cell.
 Cell wall: The cell wall is a rigid layer that
surrounds the plant cells. It is made up of
cellulose. Cell wall is a characteristic feature to
cells of plants. Plant cell walls are primarily
made up of cellulose. Plant cell wall consists of
three layers: the primary cell wall, secondary
cell wall and the middle lamella. It is located
outside the cell membrane whose main
function is to provide rigidity, strength,
protection against mechanical stress and
infection. Cell wall is made up of cellulose,
pectin’s, glycoproteins, hemicellulose and
lignin.
 Cell membrane: It is the outer boundary of the
cell, it encloses the cytoplasm and the
organelles of the cells. In plants cells it is inside
the cell wall. The cell membrane is semi
permeable, allowing only specific substances to
pass through and blocking others.
 Chloroplasts: It is an elongated or disc-shaped
organelle containing chlorophyll. They have
two membranes and have structures that look
like stack of coins. They are flattened structures
which contain chemical chlorophyll. The
process of photosynthesis occurs in this region
of the plant cell. The chlorophyll is a green
pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight to
make food for the plants by converting light
energy into chemical energy.
 Cytoskeleton: It is a network of fibers made up
of micro-tubule and micro-filament. They
maintain the shape and gives support to the
cell.
 Microtubules: They are hollow cylinder
like structures found in the cytoplasm of the
cells. Its function is transport and structural
support.

 Microfilaments: Microfilaments are solid rod
like structures whose primary function is
structural support.
 Plasmodesmata: They are microscopic channels
which traverse the cell walls of plant cells and
enables transport and communication between
them.
 Vacuole: Vacuoles are known as cells storage
center. Plant cells have large membrane bound
chamber called vacuole. Its main function is
storage. Vacuoles are found in the cytoplasm of
most plant cells. They are membrane bound
organelles, they perform functions of secretion,
excretion and storage.
 Tonoplast: A vacuole that is surrounded by a
membrane is called tonoplast.
 Plastids: Plastids are storage organelles. They
store products like starch for synthesis of fatty
acids and terpenes.
 Leucoplast: They are a type of plastid which are
non-pigmented.
 Chromoplast: They are plastids responsible for
pigment synthesis and storage. They are found
in photosynthetic eukaryotic species. They are
found in colored organs of plants like fruits and
flowers.
 Golgi complex: The Golgi bodies look like the
endoplasmic reticulum and are situated near
the nucleus. They are found in almost all
eukaryotic cells. Their main function is to
process and package macromolecules
synthesized from other parts of the cell. The
Golgi apparatus is referred to as the cell's
packaging center.
 Ribosomes: Ribosomes are smallest and the
most abundant cell organelle. It comprises of
RNA and protein. Ribosomes are sites for
protein synthesis. They are found in all cells
because protein are necessary for the survival
of the cell. The ribosomes are known as the
protein factories of the cell.
 Endoplasmic reticulum: Endoplasmic reticulum
is a membrane bound compartment, which look
like flattened sacs lined side by side. It is a large
network of interconnecting membrane
tunnels. It is composed of both rough
endoplasmic reticulum and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum.
 They are responsible for protein translation,
and protein transport to be used in the cell
membrane. They also aid in sequestration of
calcium, and production and storage of
glycogen and other macromolecules.
 Mitochondria: Mitochondria are surrounded by
two membranes. They are described as the
'power plants' of the cell as they convert
glucose to energy molecules (ATP). They
possess their own hereditary material which
help in self duplication and multiplication.
 Lysosome: Lysosome contain digestive
enzymes. They digest excess or worn out
organelles, food particles and any foreign
bodies.
 Microbody: It is a single membrane bound
organelle that comprises of degradative
enzymes
 Cytoplasm: It is a gel-like matrix inside enclosed
by the cell membrane. The cytoplasm supports
cell organelles and also prevents the cell from
bursting or shrinking.
 Nucleus: It is the control center of the cell. It is
bound by a double membrane known as the
nuclear envelope. It is a porous membrane, it
allows passage of substances and is a distinctive
characteristic of the eukaryotic cell. Most of the
genetic material is organized as multiple long
linear DNA molecules. The nucleus directs all
the activities of the cell and also help in protein
formation.