Rick Wakeman - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Wakeman#1...

Rick Wakeman
Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May
Rick Wakeman
1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television
and radio presenter, and author. He is best known for
being in the progressive rock band Yes across five
tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo
albums released in the 1970s. He is a current member
of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick
Wakeman.

Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended

to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal Wakeman performing at the Teatro
College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session Bradesco
musician. His early sessions included playing on in São Paulo, November 2012
"Space Oddity", among others, for David Bowie, and Born Richard Christopher
songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Wakeman
Stevens. Wakeman became a member of Strawbs in 18 May 1949
1970 before joining Yes a year later, playing on some Perivale, London,
of their most successful albums across two stints until England
1980. Wakeman began his solo career in 1973; his Occupation Keyboardist ·
most successful albums are his first three: e Six songwriter · television
Wives of Henry VIII (1973), Journey to the Centre of the and radio presenter ·
Earth (1974), and e Myths and Legends of King author
Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (1975), all
Years active 1969–present
concept albums. He formed his rock band, e English
Spouse(s) Rachel Kaufman
Rock Ensemble, in 1974, with which he continues to
(m. 2011)
perform, and scored his first film, Lisztomania (1975).
Children Six, including Oliver
Wakeman pursued solo projects in the 1980s that and Adam Wakeman
varied in levels of success; his most successful album Musical career
was 1984, released in 1981, which was followed by his
Genres Progressive rock ·
minor pop hit single, "Glory Boys", from Silent Nights
classical · ambient ·
(1985). He hosted the television show Gastank, and
new-age · Christian
recorded his first of several New-age, ambient, and
Christian music albums with Country Airs (1986) and Instruments Keyboards, piano,
e Gospels (1987), respectively. From 1988 to 1990 he clarinet, vocals
was a member of Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe Labels A&M · Charisma ·
which led to his third Yes stint until 1992. He returned President · Voiceprint
twice more between 1995 and 2004, during which he · Griffin · EMI · Music
completed several more solo projects and tours, Fusion · Hot
including his most significant of the decade, Return to

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the Centre of the Earth (1999). Wakeman continues to Productions · Studio T

record albums and perform concerts worldwide in · Universal Music
various capacities; his most recent album is Piano Group
Odyssey (2018).
Associated acts David Bowie ·
Wakeman's discography includes over 90 solo Strawbs · Yes · Black
albums[1] that range from several musical styles. He Sabbath · English
has made many television and radio appearances; in Rock Ensemble ·
recent years he became known for his contributions to
Anderson Bruford
the BBC comedy series Grumpy Old Men, Watchdog
Wakeman Howe ·
Ozzy Osbourne · Lou
and his radio show on Planet Rock that aired from
Reed · Yes Featuring
2005 to 2010. Wakeman has wrien three books; an
Jon Anderson, Trevor
autobiography and two memoirs. In 2017, Wakeman
Rabin, Rick Wakeman
was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a
member of Yes.[2] Website www.rwcc.com
(http://www.rwcc.com)

Contents
Early life
Career
1969–1971: Session work, Strawbs
and joining Yes
1971–1973: First Yes run and The Six
Wives of Henry VIII
1973–1974: Journey to the Centre of
the Earth and departure from Yes
1975–1980: King Arthur, No Earthly
Connection and second Yes run
1980–1988: Solo projects
1988–1999: ABWH and third and
fourth Yes runs
2000–present: Fifth Yes run and solo
projects
Instruments
Personal life
Family
Health
Other
Discography
Bibliography
References
Sources
External links

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Early life
Wakeman was born on 18 May 1949 in the west London suburb of Perivale.[3] e only child of Cyril Frank
Wakeman and Mildred Helen Wakeman,[3] the three lived in Wood End Gardens in nearby Northolt.[4] Cyril
played the piano in a dance band while he was in the army[3] and worked at a building suppliers, joining as an
office boy at fourteen to become one of its directors. Mildred worked at a removals firm.[5] Wakeman aended
Drayton Manor Grammar School in Hanwell, in 1959. e family spent their summer holidays in Exmouth.[6]

When Wakeman turned seven, his father paid for weekly piano lessons with Dorothy Symes which lasted for
eleven years. She recalled that Wakeman "passed everything with a distinction" and was an "enjoyable pupil to
teach, full of fun and with a good sense of humour", but noted his lack of self-discipline when it came to
practising.[7] In 1960, Symes entered Wakeman in his first music competition[6][8] and he went on to win many
awards, certificates, and cups in contests held around London.[9] Wakeman then took up the clarinet at age
twelve[6] and in his teenage years, aended church and learned the church organ, became a Sunday school teacher,
and chose to be baptised at eighteen.[10][11]

Wakeman described himself at school as "a horror … I worked hard in the first year, then eased up".[12] In 1961,
during his time at Drayton Manor school, Wakeman played in his first band, the trad jazz outfit Brother Wakeman
and the Clergymen,[13] with a uniform of the school shirt put on the wrong way round.[6] In 1963, at fourteen,
Wakeman joined the Atlantic Blues, a local blues group that secured a year's residency at a mental health
rehabilitation club in Neasden.[6][14] Two years later, Wakeman passed his O Levels in English, maths, art and
music, and went on to study music, art, and British constitution at A-level.[6] In 1966, he joined the Concordes,
later known as the Concorde artet, playing dance and pop songs at local events with his cousin Alan Wakeman
on saxophone and clarinet.[9] Wakeman used the money earned from their gigs to buy a Pianet, his first electronic
instrument.[9]

at year he also formed a dance band called the Green Dolphin Trio, spending a year's residency at a social club
in Alperton, and Curdled Milk, a joke on "Strange Brew" by Cream, to play at the annual school dance.[6] e band
were unpaid aer Wakeman lost control of his car and drove across the headmaster's rose garden at the front of the
school, thereby forfeiting their performance fee to pay for the damage.[14] In 1967, Wakeman began a tenure with
the Ronnie Smith Band, a dance group based at the Top Rank ballroom in Watford. He was sacked in the following
year aer not taking the dance music seriously enough, but was reinstated and performed in Reading. It was there
where he met their singer Ashley Holt, who later sang on many of Wakeman's future albums and tours.[6]

In 1968, Wakeman secured a place at the Royal College of Music in London, studying the piano, clarinet,
orchestration, and modern music, with the intention of becoming a concert pianist.[15] To enter he needed to pass
eight music exams to earn his A-level in the subject, which required him, as his mother remembered, "to do two
years' work in ten months".[12] Wakeman put in the effort following a ten shilling bet with his music teacher who
believed he would not succeed,[12] and refusing his father's offer to work with him.[16] Wakeman joined the Royal
College on a performers course before a change to the teachers course, but quickly found out that "everyone else
there was at least as good as me; and a lot of them much beer."[15] He adopted a more relaxed aitude to his
studies, spending much of his time drinking in pubs and with the staff at the Musical Bargain Centre, a music shop
in Ealing.[17]

Wakeman's first booking as a session musician, and his first time in a recording studio, occurred when guitarist
Chas Cronk entered the shop one morning in need of an organist and brass arranger for members of the Ike & Tina

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Turner band.[18] During the session Wakeman met producers Tony Visconti, Gus Dudgeon, and Denny
Cordell[19][20] Cordell was impressed with his performance and offered him more session work for artists at Regal
Zonophone Records, which Wakeman accepted[21] and he began skipping college in favour of sessions.[15]

Career

1969–1971: Session work, Strawbs and joining Yes

In 1969, Wakeman le the Royal College of Music to become a full-time session musician, playing keyboards and
arranging music for various artists between fieen and eighteen times a week.[11][6] His ability to produce what
was needed in a short amount of time led to his nickname, One Take Wakeman.[22] Among his first sessions were
playing on Baersea Power Station by Junior's Eyes and, in June 1969, the Mellotron on "Space Oddity" by David
Bowie for a £9 fee aer Dudgeon needed a player, as neither knew much about the instrument.[23][24] Wakeman
went on to play on several tracks for Bowie's second album, David Bowie, and organ and piano on American singer
Tucker Zimmerman's only single, "Red Wind".[25][26] During this time, Wakeman le from the Ronnie Smith group
and for several months, played in a pub band named the Spinning Wheel.[6] Visconti had Wakeman play a single
bass note on the piano at the end of "Walk On Guilded Splinters" by Marsha Hunt so he could be paid the session
fee.[27] In 1970, Wakeman performed on Seasons by Magna Carta,[11] and records by Brotherhood of Man, Paper
Bubble, Shawn Phillips, and White Plains. He soon became disillusioned with session work, "I was geing good
bread, but I wasn't geing a chance to be part of the music".[11]

Wakeman's prominence rose during his tenure with the folk rock group Strawbs from 1969 to 1971. He first played
the piano for them as a session on Dragonfly, the first album released with Wakeman's name on its credits.[28] In
March 1970, he joined the band as a full-time member and married his first wife, Rosaline Woolford, at the age of
twenty.[4] e group then performed a series of dates in Paris for a rock and roll circus with various bands backing
the circus acts. During one performance, Wakeman pushed Salvador Dali off the stage as he made a special guest
appearance during his piano solo. He wrote, "I didn't know who he was. I thought, 'Silly old sod, coming on the
stage waving his stick'."[29][30] Wakeman's first major show with the Strawbs followed on 11 July 1970 at the een
Elizabeth Hall in London which was recorded for their live album, Just a Collection of Antiques and Curios. e set
included an extended organ solo and Wakeman's piano piece titled "Temperament of Mind", which received a
standing ovation.[31] e piece originated from improvisations when the band would lose power during a show,
leaving Wakeman to fill time by playing the piano. Following the een Elizabeth Hall concert, Wakeman
appeared on the front page of Melody Maker for the first time; the paper named him "tomorrow's superstar."[32]

During the writing sessions for the next Strawbs album, Wakeman resumed session work to help pay for his new
home in West Harrow.[33] He bought a Minimoog synthesizer at half price from actor Jack Wild, who thought that
it was defective because it only played one note at a time.[34] Wakeman played the piano on "Morning Has Broken"
by Cat Stevens for his 1971 album, Teaser and the Firecat. Wakeman was omied from the credits and for many
years, was never paid for it; Stevens later apologised and paid Wakeman for the error. Wakeman played further
sessions in 1971, including "Get It On" by T. Rex, three tracks on Madman Across the Water by Elton John, and
"Changes", "Oh! You Prey ings", and "Life on Mars?" for Bowie's album Hunky Dory. Bowie invited Wakeman to
his home and played the outline of the tracks for him to learn; Wakeman later called them "the finest selection of
songs I have ever heard in one siing in my entire life".[35] He also developed music for the 1972 film, Zee and
Co.[36] In late 1971, an album compiled of pop tunes played by Wakeman on the piano was released as Piano

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Vibrations by Polydor Records. Wakeman did not receive any royalties from it; he was paid £36 for the four
sessions it took to make.[37]

Wakeman's final album with Strawbs, From the Witchwood, was released in July 1971. It marked the growing
differences between himself and the group; he made the beer paid sessions a priority and made no substantial
contributions to the writing of the music.[38] With his income from Strawbs failing to cover his mortgage and bills,
Wakeman opted to leave. In July 1971, he was faced with "one of the most difficult decisions" of his career aer
Bowie chose him for his new backing band, e Spiders from Mars, with guitarist Mick Ronson. Later the same
day, he received a call at two in the morning from bassist Chris Squire of the progressive rock group Yes, who
explained that Yes needed a keyboardist as Tony Kaye had been asked to leave, following his resistance to learn
instruments other than the piano and organ.[39][40] Wakeman agreed to meet the band as they rehearsed for their
fourth album, Fragile, in August 1971. During his first session, the basis of "Heart of the Sunrise" and "Roundabout"
were put together.[41] inking that Yes presented more favourable opportunities for his career, Wakeman declined
Bowie's offer and played his final gig with Strawbs for a BBC recording for John Peel's radio show. Wakeman then
reappeared on the front cover of Melody Maker, his second in a year, regarding his move to Yes.[42] His earnings
increased from £18 to £50 per week.[5] Towards the end of 1971, Wakeman signed a five album solo recording
contract with A&M Records.[6][43]

1971–1973: First Yes run and The Six Wives of Henry VIII
Yes made Fragile in five weeks to help finance a new set of keyboards for Wakeman. Wakeman recorded "Cans and
Brahms", an adaptation of the third movement of Symphony No. 4 in E minor by Johannes Brahms.[44] Wakeman
later called it "dreadful" as contractual disputes between Atlantic Records, who had signed Yes, and A&M
prevented him from writing his own composition.[45] Wakeman claimed his contributions to the group wrien
tracks were not credited, that management had agreed to "sort something out on the publishing side" but never
took care of it. Wakeman "enjoyed the music too much" to cause a ri about the issue, but said it amounts to "a fair
bit of money."[46] Fragile reached the top ten in the UK and the US; the Fragile Tour marked Wakeman's first visit to
North America.[47] Its commercial success allowed Wakeman to buy a new home in Gerrards Cross and start a
collection of cars,[48] which he rented out through his new business, the Fragile Carriage Company.[49][50] In late
1971, Wakeman played two notable piano sessions, on "It Ain't Easy" on Bowie's album e Rise and Fall of Ziggy
Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and on Orange by Al Stewart.

In the 1972 Melody Maker readers' poll, Wakeman ranked second in the Top Keyboardist category behind Keith
Emerson.[51] at year, Yes followed Fragile with Close to the Edge. It became their best selling album since their
formation and received critical acclaim. e title track features Wakeman playing the church organ at St Giles-
without-Cripplegate in London and a Hammond organ solo. Wakeman receives a writing credit on the third track,
"Siberian Khatru". Wakeman later picked the album as "without doubt one of the finest moments of Yes's career."[52]
e Close to the Edge Tour marked the first time Wakeman wore a cape on stage. His first, made with sequins by
Denise Gandrup in two weeks, cost US$300.[53] Wakeman is featured in the band's concert film, Yessongs, filmed in
December 1972 at the Rainbow eatre and not released until 1975. Also that month at the venue, Wakeman was a
guest musician at e Who's orchestral performances of Tommy.

Wakeman began his solo career during his first run with Yes. His first album, e Six Wives of Henry VIII, was
recorded across 1972 with an advance of £4,000 from A&M. e album is instrumental with its concept based on
Wakeman's interpretations of the musical characteristics of the six wives of Henry VIII. Several musicians from

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Strawbs and Yes play on the record, which cost around £25,000 to make. On 16 January 1973, the album was
previewed with Wakeman performing excerpts on the BBC television show, e Old Grey Whistle Test.[54] Much of
the television audience that night planned to watch Blue Movie, a controversial film by Andy Warhol, but it was
temporarily banned from being broadcast. Wakeman explained: "It seems most of them, rather than watch repeats,
switched over to Whistle Test and saw my preview of Henry … and suddenly it seemed as if the whole country had
discovered my music … it was a tremendous break."[55] Following its release in January 1973,[54] the album reached
No. 7 in the UK and No. 30 in the US. Time named the record one of the best albums of the year.[56]

1973–1974: Journey to the Centre of the Earth and departure

from Yes
Wakeman's success with Yes continued to grow in 1973. eir first live album, Yessongs, was released in May and
includes his solo, "Excerpts from e Six Wives of Henry VIII". At the Melody Maker readers poll awards in
September 1973, Wakeman came out first in the top keyboardist category.[51] Two months later, Yes released Tales
from Topographic Oceans; Wakeman disagreed with the musical direction the band took, feeling much of the album
was too experimental that required further rehearsal, and spent most of his time in the bar at Morgan Studios and
playing keyboards on "Sabbra Caddabra" on Sabbath Bloody Sabbath by Black Sabbath in the adjacent studio.[57]
Yes toured the album for six months, playing Close to the Edge and Tales from Topographic Oceans in their entirety.
Wakeman's frustrations and boredom from playing Tales culminated in him eating a curry on stage during a show
in Manchester.[58] Wakeman later explained his total dislike of the album is "not entirely true"; he recognises some
"very, very nice musical moments" but "we had too much for a single album but not enough for a double, so we
padded it out and the padding is awful".[59]

In January 1974, during a break in the Topographic Oceans tour, Wakeman recorded his new work, Journey to the
Centre of the Earth, based on Jules Verne's same-titled science fiction novel. He came up with the idea in November
1971, but shelved the project until e Six Wives of Henry VIII was complete.[60] He told his idea to arranger Lou
Reizner and conductor David Measham who agreed to take part, with Wil Malone and Danny Beckerman assisting
in the orchestral arrangements.[61][62][63] As the cost of recording the album in a studio was too high, A&M
Records agreed to recording it live in concert with an orchestra, choir, and a hand-picked rock band.[63] To help
finance the project, Wakeman sold some of his cars and "mortgage[d himsel] up to the hilt", all of which cost
around £40,000.[64] Two concerts were held at the Royal Festival Hall in London on 18 January with the London
Symphony Orchestra, the English Chamber Choir, actor David Hemmings as narrator, and a five-piece band
formed of musicians that Wakeman played with in a west London pub: vocalists Ashley Holt and Gary Pickford-
Hopkins, drummer Barney James, bassist Roger Newell, and guitarist Mike Egan.[61] Management at A&M wished
for well known musicians, but Wakeman wanted the album to be known for its music, rather than the
performers.[65] e label took a disliking to the album upon completion and refused to sell it,[66] though as
Wakeman was under contract with its US division, a cassee was sent to co-founder Jerry Moss who subsequently
ordered to release it.[67]

Aer touring with Yes, Wakeman retired to his country home in Devonshire. On 18 May, his twenty-fih birthday,
he confirmed his departure from Yes to his and their manager, Brian Lane. He declined to aend rehearsals for the
next album, Relayer, stressing he could no longer contribute to the material the band were developing for it. Later
that day, A&M called him with the news that Journey had entered the UK charts at No. 1, the label's first to do so.
Wakeman called it "a day I will never forget for as long as I live".[67][68] Journey also reached No. 3 in the US, and
earned Wakeman an Ivor Novello Award[69] e album went on to sell 14 million copies worldwide.[70]

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On 27 July 1974, Wakeman headlined the Crystal Palace Park Garden Party concert, performing selections from Six
Wives and Journey in its entirety with an orchestra, choir, and his band.[71] By this time, Wakeman's health
deteriorated; his excessive alcohol consumption, lack of sleep in the five days prior to the show, and a wrist injury
following a fall led to a doctor treating him with morphine to help him through the gig. Soon aer the show, he
suffered a minor heart aack.[72] During his recovery at Wexham Park Hospital, he wrote "e Last Bale", the first
song for his new concept album, e Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Despite
being advised to reduce his workload and improve his health, Wakeman chose to continue with his career and to
smoke and drink.[73] He began a 20-date North American tour in September 1974 with the National Philharmonic
Orchestra, the Choir of America, and his rock band. As per doctors orders, Wakeman was required to pass a heart
monitor test before each performance.[74] Wakeman later revealed that the tour cost him £125,000.

1975–1980: King Arthur, No Earthly Connection and second Yes

run
In January 1975, Wakeman finished recording King Arthur at Morgan Studios with the New World Orchestra,
English Chamber Choir, and the Noingham Festival Vocal Group.[75] Based on the stories about King Arthur and
related figures, its release in April 1975 was a commercial success, reaching No. 2 in the UK and No. 21 in the US. It
also earned Gold certifications in Brazil, Japan, and Australia.[76] e album was promoted with three sold out
shows at Wembley Arena in May 1975 with Wakeman performing the album with an orchestra, choir, and his rock
band to a total of 27,000 people. As the arena floor was already set up as an ice rink for a different araction,
Wakeman chose to present the show as an ice pageant with fourteen ice skaters and the musicians' stage placed in
the round and decorated as a castle. e shows, though well received and contributed to the album's commercial
success, were expensive to produce.[34][77] In 2009, the concerts came in at No. 79 on the 100 Greatest Shocking
Moments in Rock and Roll program broadcast on VH1.[78] e album has sold an estimated 12 million copies
worldwide.[79]

Wakeman toured King Arthur with an augmented formation of the English Rock Ensemble for three months from
October 1975, across North and South America.[15] e tour marked his first association with new drummer Tony
Fernandez who would perform on many of Wakeman's future albums and tours. During its stop in Rio de Janeiro,
Wakeman met Ronnie Biggs, one of those involved in the 1963 Great Train Robbery. e two went drinking, played
football, and exchanged a gi of shirts, including one that Biggs allegedly wore during the robbery.[15] In late 1975,
Wakeman composed the soundtrack for Lisztomania, a biography film about composer Franz Liszt wrien and
directed by Ken Russell. Wakeman appears in the film as or, the god of thunder.[6] A few years later, he recalled
the album in a more negative light as "there was hardly anything of mine on it in the end", and criticised its mixing
and production.[80]

In 1976, Wakeman began a period of living outside the UK as a tax exile. He recorded his fourth solo album, No
Earthly Connection, with the English Rock Ensemble at Chateau Studios in Herouville, France from January to
March 1976. Initially it was to be about mythological gods, but was changed when he became fascinated with the
origins of man and mysterious phenomena such as the Bermuda Triangle, Stonehenge, pyramids,[81] and his
witnessing of a flying object at 3 am in Miami, Florida with his bassist, Roger Newell.[82] Wakeman describes the
music on its sleeve: "a futuristic, autobiographical look at music, the part it plays in our pre-earth, human and aer
life".[83] He wrote the album without playing any of its music.[84] Upon its release in April 1976, the album went to
No. 9 in the UK and No. 67 in the US. Wakeman toured worldwide for seven weeks to support the album which
featured a scaled down stage production.[85] e last date was at a festival in Bilzen, Belgium on 13 August.[86]

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Following the No Earthly Connection tour, Wakeman fell into financial trouble. ough it was not "an all tax issue",
Wakeman's expenses far exceeded the profits made from the tour which only met its minimal expectations,[85]
leaving him to come up with £350,000 "in a maer of weeks".[87] He sold his Rolls-Royces, ended his Fragile car
service, and disbanded the English Rock Ensemble.[85][88] Wakeman's situation improved aer A&M agreed to pay
Wakeman's royalties ahead of time. Soon aer, Lane suggested that Wakeman talk with Bill Bruford and John
Weon who were thinking of forming a new band. Aer a private meeting, the three rehearsed for six weeks
before the story was reported in Melody Maker in October 1976, which effectively caused the group to end.[89]
Wakeman took up work recording the soundtrack to White Rock, a documentary film about the 1976 Winter
Olympics directed by Tony Maylam. e film premiered in February 1977 as a double bill with the Genesis concert
film, Genesis: In Concert. e album was released in the same year. e track "Aer the Ball" was one that Wakeman
forgot to write; he proceeded to play it as a completely improvised song in one take, rather than confessing to the
producers.

Wakeman's fortunes changed in November 1976 when Lane invited him to meet Yes in Switzerland as they were
writing Going for the One in Mountain Studios, Montreux. Wakeman's replacement, Swiss musician Patrick Moraz,
le during the early stages in part due to the "enormous psychological pressures within the group."[90] Upon
hearing the band's new material of more accessible and concise songs, Wakeman agreed to play on the album as a
session musician. Lane and Squire convinced him to rejoin as a full-time member; Wakeman noticed the new
edition of Melody Maker with the headline "Wakeman rejoins Yes" appeared hours aer he agreed. He asked Lane
what would have happened if he declined, and said: "It's just one of those decisions a manager has to make."[91]
Wakeman described the record as "the album Yes should have made instead of Topographic Oceans."[92] Released in
July 1977, the album spent two weeks at No. 1 in the UK and spawned the No. 7 single, "Wonderous Stories".
Wakeman considered its fieen-minute track "Awaken" as one of the band's best.

During the Going for the One tour, Wakeman released Rick Wakeman's Criminal Record, a solo album loosely based
on criminality with Squire on bass, Alan White on drums, Frank Ricoi on percussion, and Bill Oddie on lead
vocals on "e Breathalyser". e album went to No. 25 in the UK.

Wakeman recorded the next Yes album, Tormato, in early 1978. He is reputed to have given the album its name by
throwing a tomato at a showing of the art used for the album's cover.[93][94] In 1978 Wakeman, along with Mick
Jagger, Peter Frampton, and Paul Simon, invested in the formation of the Philadelphia Fury, an American soccer
team that disbanded in 1980. Wakeman also funded the development of the Birotron, a tape replay keyboard that
used 8-track tape cartridges, developed by Dave Biro.

Rhapsodies, released as a double album in 1979, was Wakeman's final studio album for A&M Records. It features
Bruce Lynch on bass, Frank Gibson, Jr. on drums, and Tony Visconti on acoustic guitar.

In March 1980, aer several writing sessions for a new Yes album in Paris failed, Wakeman and Jon Anderson le
the group.

1980–1988: Solo projects

In 1980, Wakeman reformed the English Rock Ensemble and completed a European tour.[95] He came close to
forming a band with drummer Carl Palmer, bassist John Weon, and guitarist Trevor Rabin, but opted out "on a
maer of principle" as the record company was prepared to sign them without hearing any of the group's music.
He recalled, "I basically sealed my financial fate, and things went downhill fast."[95] His father's death in November

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1980 prompted his return to the UK and sign a record deal with Charisma Records to avoid bankruptcy.[95][96]

In June 1981, Wakeman released 1984, a concept rock album based on George Orwell's eponymous dystopian novel
with a band including Steve Barnacle on bass, Gary Barnacle on saxophone, and Frank Ricoi on drums. e album
features tracks with Chaka Khan, Jon Anderson, Kenny Lynch, and Tim Rice on lead vocals with Rice the album's
lyricist. 1984 reached number 24 in the UK. Plans to have the album adapted into a musical were cancelled aer
lawyers from Orwell's estate blocked its development.[97] During Wakeman's 1981 tour of Europe and South
America, he first met Nina Carter. In the same year, Wakeman recorded the soundtrack to the slasher horror film
e Burning in New York City.[6]

Aer the 1981 tour, Wakeman aended the annual Midem music festival where he secured the release rights to a
previously unreleased album that he recorded in Switzerland in 1979. Initially titled Maybe '80 and renamed Rock
and Roll Prophet, it is a humorous spoof on the pop group e Buggles and released in 1982 on Wakeman's own
label, Moon Records.[98][6][99] A single from the album, "I'm So Straight I'm a Weirdo", was released in 1980.[100] In
1982, Wakeman hosted the Channel 4 music show Gastank with Tony Ashton that aired in January and February
1983.[99] He then released a second album for Charisma, Cost of Living, a mixture of instrumental and rock tracks
with Rice on vocals, which "did nothing" to improve his finances.[101] Wakeman wrote about his situation by 1983,
to the point where he was "managerless, penniless and homeless."[102] In February 1983, he and Carter moved to
Camberley, Surrey aer the birth of their daughter Jemma.[99] Wakeman took up work by recording the soundtrack
to the official 1982 FIFA World Cup documentary film G'olé!, which was released around the same time as Cost of
Living which hampered potential album sales,[99] and wrote the soundtrack for the film She with assistance from
Justin Hayward and Maggie Bell,[99] and his second Russell feature, Crimes of Passion, with Bell on vocals,
Fernandez on drums, and past Strawbs bandmate Chas Cronk on bass. Wakeman based the music around the
themes of Symphony No. 9 by Antonín Dvořák.[99] During this time, Wakeman became chairman of the Camberley
Town F.C.[99] Wakeman also spent early 1983 writing the score to the ballet Killing Games, but problems during its
development led to the project being shelved, along with a potential double album of its music.[99] In early 1984,
Wakeman completed a tour of Australia with Sky as a guest musician. He also contributed three songs to the
soundtrack of B.C. Rock.[99]

In 1984, Wakeman signed a recording deal with President Records and produced Silent Nights, his first solo album
for over two years, in two-and-a-half months at Herne Place Studios in Sunningdale with Fernandez, Cronk, and
Rick Fenn on guitar.[99] e album was released in 1985 and its single, "Glory Boys", became a minor hit in the
UK.[103] In March 1985, Wakeman finished work on his part of the soundtrack to the comedy film Playing for Keeps,
and returned to England to begin rehearsals for his tour to promote Silent Nights,[99] which visited the UK, North
America, and Australia.[104] A live album recorded during the tour in London was released as Live at
Hammersmith. e tour cost him money, leaving him "seriously in debt" and forced to remortgage his Camberley
home.[104] In September 1985, during the tour's Australian leg, Wakeman fell ill from his alcoholism and has been
teetotal since.[105] Also in 1985, President released a single of Wakeman's theme tunes for the television shows
Lyon's Diary and Database,[99] and Wakeman returned to work for Bowie, playing the piano on "Absolute
Beginners".[106]

In a change in musical direction, Wakeman produced his first of a series of new-age albums titled Country Airs, a
piano album released in mid-1986 that went to number one on the UK new age chart.[107] Wakeman followed this
with a tour of the Far East, and soundtrack work for Hero, the film to the 1986 World Cup, and the BBC film e
Day Aer the Fair.[106] His next album was e Family Album in 1987, featuring tracks dedicated to each of his

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family members and pets. Also in 1987, Wakeman recorded and released e Gospels, a Christian album based on
the four Gospels for Stylus Records that had begun in early 1986 and took six months to complete, with tenor
vocalist Ramon Remedios, actor Robert Powell as narrator, and the Eton College Chapel Choir.[106] e music was
originally wrien for a concert as part of a fund raising event for a church.[108] Wakeman played the album with
Remedios and his band in Caesarea, Israel in the following year[109] as well as the Royal Albert Hall in London.[106]
Wakeman recorded Time Machine, a concept album based on the science fiction novel e Time Machine by H. G.
Wells, featuring Roy Wood and Tracey Ackerman as guest vocalists. e album was released in 1988; Wakeman
intended to record it with an orchestra and choir and put on an ice show, but the idea was cancelled due to lack of
funds.[110]

1988–1999: ABWH and third and fourth Yes runs

In March 1988, Wakeman and Carter sold their Camberley home and moved to the Isle of Man in a move to help
improve their finances. To save money, a recording facility was built in a converted coach house next to his home
that he named Bajonor Studios.[111] He then released two studio albums throughout the year, both recorded at
Studio House in Wraysbury: A Suite of Gods, based on Greek and Roman mythology with Fernandez and Remedios,
and Zodiaque with Fernandez featuring tracks dedicated to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

In late 1988, Wakeman received a call from Brian Lane who invited him to form Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe
with former Yes band members Jon Anderson, Bill Bruford and Steve Howe. Anderson wished to make an album
that reflected Yes's 1970s sound and wanted to record on the island of Montserrat. e album was released in June
1989 and sold 750,000 copies. e band's world tour ran from July 1989 to March 1990. During the tour, Wakeman
released two more solo albums: Black Knights at the Court of Ferdinand IV with Italian musician Mario Fasciano and
Sea Airs, a sequel to Country Airs.

In 1990, Wakeman released In the Beginning, his second Christian album that was produced in aid of ASSIST, a
Christian charity founded by music journalist and Wakeman's biographer, Dan Wooding.[112][113] e album
contains a series of Biblical readings by Carter with Wakeman supplying the background music.[114] Also in 1990,
work on a second Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe began in France, but its development was interrupted when
the group merged their tracks with an in-progress Yes album to create Union. Wakeman, along with the combined
members of both bands then joined to form a Yes supergroup (made up of past and present members of Yes) for the
subsequent tour in 1991-92. When the tour ended a year later, Wakeman le again.

In October 1992, Wakeman embarked on a world tour with Fernandez, guitarist and bassist Alan omson, and his
son Adam Wakeman on additional keyboards. e tour lasted through 1993, and was organised as Wakeman
wished to tour with a second keyboardist to "free [him] up to do more things" on stage.[115]

In 1993, Wakeman released Heritage Suite, a solo piano album about the Isle of Man, and an album with Adam,
Wakeman with Wakeman. Later in 1993, Wakeman's financial situation worsened when he was ordered with a
payment from the Inland Revenue close to £70,000 for interest charges and unpaid penalties for tax he had paid for
the past six years. He paid it by, as he wrote, "with help from Brian Lane's office and Yes's accountants, in my
signing away all publishing income from everything I had ever wrien … Twenty-two years' work had vanished in
the three seconds it had taken to sign my name."[116]

In 1994, Wakeman performed a series of solo piano concerts in aid for ASSIST.[113] Two shows recorded in Virginia
and the Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, California, aended by almost 8,000 people, was released as e Piano

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Album in 1995.[117]

In 1995, Wakeman wrote music for the Cirque Surreal. e same year he scored the soundtrack to Bullet to Beijing,
a made-for-television film starring Michael Caine and Jason Connery, and also scored the sequel, Midnight in Saint
Petersburg, the following year.[118] It was also during this year that he played keyboards on Ozzy Osbourne's album
Ozzmosis and performed on the Retirement Sucks Tour.

In late 1995, Wakeman returned to Yes for a fourth time. Yes then played three nights at the Fremont eater in San
Luis Obispo, California from 3–6 March 1996. He then recorded the Keys to Ascension albums with Yes, but le in
1997 before the band could tour with him.

In 1997, Wakeman received a Golden Badge Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and
Authors (BASCA), given for outstanding contributions to the British music and entertainment industry.[119] In
March 1997, he staged the North American premiere of e New Gospels for five dates aer it was reworked and
extended into a two-hour oratorio with a 30-piece choir, in 1994. e concerts were free with donations to
ASSIST.[120]

In 1998, Wakeman started work on Return to the Centre of the Earth, a sequel album to commemorate the 25th
anniversary of Journey to the Centre of the Earth. e idea first came to Wakeman in 1991 during a tour of Italy,
which led to discussions about the project with Atlantic Records that year about a re-recording of the original
album with new equipment and arrangements, but the idea was rejected. It was revived in 1996 when Wakeman
received offers from three record companies willing to fund and release a new "epic" album.[121] Aer a deal with
EMI Classics was made, a story based on three unnamed travellers and their aempt to follow the original route
was finalised, and recording began in 1998 with a band, the London Symphony Orchestra, the English Chamber
Choir, Patrick Stewart as the narrator, and guest performances from Trevor Rabin, Ozzy Osbourne, and Bonnie
Tyler.[122] Recording was temporarily disrupted because of Wakeman's health.[123][124][125] In December 1998,
Wakeman was featured on an episode of is Is Your Life.[126]

2000–present: Fifth Yes run and solo projects

In February 2000, Wakeman began his An Evening with Rick Wakeman tour of the UK, playing keyboards and
piano on tracks spanning his entire career. In September that year, he accepted an invitation to perform a series of
concerts in South America with the English Rock Ensemble following a renewed interest in progressive rock
there.[125] He recruited Fernandez, Damian Wilson on vocals, Adam Wakeman on keyboards, Ant Glynne on
guitar, and Lee Pomeroy on bass. Wakeman was particularly pleased with his playing, calling it his "best in a long
time."[127] At its conclusion, Wakeman entered early discussions with Keith Emerson regarding a potential music
project, but the idea was shelved in early 2002.[125]

Following months of speculation, Yes management announced Wakeman's return to the band for a fih time, on 16
April 2002.[125] Wakeman remembered it took "eight months to get the paper work together" to make his return
happen.[127] He declined to play with the group as a guest musician the previous year during their Symphonic Tour
in Amsterdam in support of their album Magnification, but his commitments to his solo tours prohibited him from
doing so.[127] Upon Wakeman's return, the group entered rehearsals for their Full Circle Tour that ran from July
2002 to October 2003. is was followed by their 35th Anniversary Tour, running from April to September 2004.
Wakeman described the band's playing during his return: "It was far and away the best the band had ever been …
there was no staleness, there was a lot of freshness."[128] During the band's subsequent hiatus, Wakeman was

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advised by his doctors that touring with a busy schedule was affecting his health. In 2008, when Squire, Howe, and
White decided to continue, Oliver Wakeman replaced his father on keyboards.

In 2005, Fidel Castro invited Wakeman to perform in Cuba with his

band. During Wakeman's visit, Castro gave Wakeman some earth by
Che Guevara's grave.[92] In October 2006, Wakeman and Anderson
began a UK tour.[129] In 2008, Wakeman toured with Rick
Wakeman's Grumpy Old Picture Show, featuring an evening of
music and stories from his career. In May 2009, Wakeman performed
e Six Wives of Henry VIII in its entirety for the first time at
Hampton Court Palace for two nights. In 2010, Wakeman was
awarded the Spirit of Prog Award at the annual Classic Rock Roll of
Wakeman performing in Brazil
Honour Awards.[130] In 2013, Wakeman played on e eory of
in 2014
Everything by Ayreon.[131] e following year, he completed a 14-
date UK tour to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of Journey to
the Centre of the Earth.

In January 2016, Trevor Rabin announced he planned to perform with Wakeman and Jon Anderson as Anderson,
Rabin and Wakeman (ARW), later in the year. Anderson revealed the three wrote "some unique songs
together".[132] at month, following requests from fans, Wakeman recorded piano versions of "Life on Mars?" and
"Space Oddity", with an original track "Always Together", as a tribute to David Bowie following his death with
proceeds from the songs donated to Macmillan Cancer Support.[133] e reception from the single and a
performance of "Life on Mars?" on BBC Radio 2 inspired Wakeman to release a solo piano album of tracks that he
had played on in his career along with his own compositions and adaptations of classical music pieces. Upon
release in January 2017, Piano Portraits entered the UK chart at No. 7 and became Wakeman's highest charting
album there since 1975.[134][135] A follow-up album, Piano Odyssey, was released in September 2018.

In June 2017, Wakeman was the castaway for the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs. His favourite piece
was Giuseppe Verdi's Anvil Chorus and his book choice was Principles of Orchestration by Nikolai Rimsky-
Korsakov.[136]

Instruments
Although Wakeman is a noted player of the grand piano, electric piano, pipe organ, Hammond organ, Minimoog
and many later models of synthesiser, he is well known as a proponent (for a time) of the Mellotron – an analogue
electronic musical instrument that uses a bank of pre-recorded magnetic tape strips, each of which is activated by a
separate key on its keyboard and lasts approximately 8 seconds. Wakeman featured playing this instrument, to
varying degrees, on the David Bowie track Space Oddity, the Yes albums Fragile, Close to the Edge and Tales From
Topographic Oceans, as well as the solo albums e Six Wives of Henry VIII and White Rock. An urban legend claims
that Wakeman got so frustrated with one Mellotron that he poured petrol on it and set fire to it, but this was
debunked in a 2010 interview.[27]

He subsequently worked with David Biro to develop the Birotron, which used the then popular 8-track cassee
format rather than tape strips. Because of the advent of digital keyboards at that time, and expensive components
used in the instruments' manufacture, the Birotron was never a commercial or technical success. Only 35 Birotrons
were produced.[137] ese days, he can be found with more modern instruments such as the Korg Kronos, Yamaha

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Montage, and the Memotron, a new digital version of the original

Mellotron.

Personal life

Family
Wakeman has been married four times and has six children. At the
age of 20, he married Rosaline Woolford on 28 March 1970[4] and Wakeman performing at the
had two sons, Oliver (b. 26 February 1972) and Adam (b. 11 March Royal Albert Hall in aid of the
1974). ey divorced in 1977.[138] Wakeman then married Swiss- Performing Right Society for
born Danielle Corminboeuf, a recording studio secretary, in January Music Members' Benevolent

1980 in the West Indies and lived with her in Montreux.[139][138]

Fund in 2009.
ey had one son, Benjamin (b. 1978), before they divorced in late
1980.[140][138] In 1981, Wakeman met former Page 3 model Nina
Carter and had a daughter, Jemma Kiera (b. 1983),[141] before they married in November 1984 and had a son, Oscar
(b. 1986).[109][138] e couple separated in 2000[138] and divorced in 2004.[142]

In 2004 Wakeman revealed that he had had an extramarital affair with American-born designer Denise Gandrup,
who first met Wakeman in 1972 and designed and made several of his capes.[143] e two were romantically
involved but split in 1981; they met again in 1985 and their daughter Amanda was born on 9 May 1986. Wakeman
kept the relationship secret to protect his marriage with Carter, but agreed to financially support his daughter.[138]
In December 2011 Wakeman married journalist Rachel Kaufman.[92][142]

Health
Wakeman has faced a number of health issues. In his twenties, Wakeman suffered three heart aacks due to his
unhealthy lifestyle of smoking and heavy drinking.[93] e first two were minor and he was told they may not have
been noticed. e third occurred soon aer a performance of Journey to the Centre of the Earth at Crystal Palace
Park in July 1974.[144] Wakeman quit smoking in 1979.[92] In 1985, Wakeman's drinking led to cirrhosis of the liver
and alcoholic hepatitis, and he has been teetotal since.[92][123] In 1999, Wakeman suffered from a case of double
pneumonia and pleurisy and was placed in an induced coma.[145] At one point during his stay in hospital, his
doctors gave him 24 hours to live.[123] In 2016, Wakeman announced he had diabetes.[146]

Other
In the 1970s, Wakeman met een Elizabeth e een Mother and bought Tropical Saint, a racehorse that
belonged to her.[5][147] Aer it died he bought Balinloning, a small horse that he had in care for a year and entered
in races.[148] In 1979, Wakeman became a director of Brentford F.C. which lasted for one year. In 1983, he became
chairman of Camberley Town F.C.[6] In 2009, Wakeman became a patron of Tech Music Schools.

Aer his mother's death in the mid-1990s, Wakeman bought a house in Tenerife.[149]

Wakeman had a renewal of his Christian faith which began at around the time of his marriage to Carter.[150]

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In 2007, Wakeman became a Freemason and joined Chelsea Lodge No. 3098, the membership of which is made up
of entertainers.[151] His father had been a member of the Brent Valley Lodge, and the support that Wakeman and
his mother received from his friends at the Lodge following his death became a catalyst for Wakeman to learn
more about it and become one himself. In 2011, Wakeman joined the Knights Templar fraternity.[152] In May 2014,
he was installed as the 110th Worshipful Master of the Chelsea Lodge while he was also the King Rat of the
showbusiness fraternity and charity, the Grand Order of Water Rats.[153][154][92] He was the host of the Grumpy
Old Rockstar's Chelsea Lodge Ladies Festival in 2015.[155] Wakeman, wearing his Masonic apron, appears as a
frequent on-screen speaker in the 5-part documentary Inside the Freemasons produced by the BBC in 2017.

In an interview in 2010, Wakeman was critical of Wikipedia, saying it has too many inaccuracies and mistakes,
pointing out inaccuracies relating to stories about himself.[27]

Discography
Selected studio albums

The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973)

Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1974)
The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (1975)
No Earthly Connection (1976)
Rick Wakeman's Criminal Record (1977)
1984 (1981)
Silent Nights (1985)
Country Airs (1986)
The Gospels (1987)
Phantom Power (1990)
The Piano Album (1995)
Return to the Centre of the Earth (1999)
Out There (2003)
Piano Portraits (2017)
Piano Odyssey (2018)

Bibliography
Wakeman, Rick (1995). Say Yes! An Autobiography. Hodder & Stoughton.
ISBN 978-0-340-62151-6.
Wakeman, Rick (2008). Grumpy Old Rockstar: and Other Wondrous Stories. Preface
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84809-004-0.
Wakeman, Rick (2010). Further Adventures of a Grumpy Old Rockstar. Arrow.
ISBN 978-1-84809-176-4.

References
1. "INTERVIEW: Rick Wakeman's Grumpy Old Picture Show"
(http://www.worthingherald.co.uk/leisure/INTERVIEW-Rick-Wakeman39s-Grumpy-
Old.3942964.jp). Worthing Herald. 3 April 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2010.

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Rick Wakeman - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Wakeman#1...

2. "Inductees: Yes" (https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/yes). Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Retrieved 20 December 2016.
3. Wooding 1979, p. 23.
4. Wooding 1979, p. 46.
5. McBride, Lorraine (4 May 2014). "Rick Wakeman: 'David Bowie's advice made me
millions' " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune
/10804471/Rick-Wakeman-David-Bowies-advice-made-me-millions.html). The Daily
Telegraph. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
6. Rick Wakeman: The Classical Connections II Tour (http://www.rwcc.com/programmes
/1992ClassicalConnection2.pdf) (PDF) (Tour programme). Unknown. 1991. Retrieved
15 December 2016.
7. Wooding 1979, p. 24.
8. Wooding 1979, p. 25.
9. Wooding 1979, p. 28.
10. Wooding 1979, p. 26.
11. Milano, Dominic (March 1976). "Rick Wakeman: Rock Powerhouse" (http://zenponies.com
/yitp/1976/mar/marxx_76.html). Contemporary Keyboard.
12. Wooding 1979, p. 29.
13. Wyatt, Malcolm (3 September 2015). "The interview: Rick Wakeman" (http://www.chorley-
guardian.co.uk/what-s-on/music/the-interview-rick-wakeman-1-7442858). Chorley
Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
14. Wooding 1979, p. 27.
15. Rick Wakeman: In Concert tour programme (http://www.rwcc.com/programmes
/1976RWInConcert.pdf) (PDF). 1976.
16. Wooding 1979, p. 30.
17. Wakeman 1995, p. 61.
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19. Wakeman 1995, p. 64.
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21. Wakeman 1995, p. 69.
22. Welch 2008, p. 112.
23. Wooding 1979, p. 34.
24. Wooding 1979, p. 37.
25. Marchese, Joe (10 November 2015). "RPM Reissues Lost Album By David Bowie Favorite
Tucker Zimmerman, Collects Australian "Dream Babes" " (http://theseconddisc.com
/2015/11/10/rpm-reissues-lost-album-by-david-bowie-favorite-tucker-zimmerman-collects-
australian-dream-babes/). The Second Disc. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
26. "Discography" (https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021182828/http:
//www.tuckerzimmerman.org/discography). Tucker Zimmerman. Archived from the original
(http://www.tuckerzimmerman.org/discography/) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved
21 November 2015.
27. Holmes, Mark (28 July 2010). "Interview with Rick Wakeman" (http://www.metal-
discovery.com/Interviews/rickwakeman_interview_2010_pt3.htm). Metal Discovery.
Retrieved 8 November 2013.

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28. Wooding 1979, p. 52.

29. Wooding 1979, pp. 54–55.
30. Wakeman 1995, p. 94.
31. Wooding 1979, pp. 56–57.
32. Wooding 1979, p. 58.
33. Wakeman 1995, p. 103.
34. Wright, Jeb (2009). "Henry at the Hampton: An Exclusive Interview with Rick Wakeman"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20091116190637/http://www.classicrockrevisited.com
/interviewrickwakeman.htm). Classic Rock Revisited. Archived from the original
(http://www.classicrockrevisited.com/interviewrickwakeman.htm) on 16 November 2009.
Retrieved 26 October 2009.
35. Wakeman 1995, p. 105.
36. Wooding 1979, p. 77.
37. Wooding, pp. 107–108.
38. Wakeman 1995, p. 104.
39. Welch 2008, p. 113.
40. Valentine, Penny (28 August 1971). "Just Another Yes Man...". Sounds. Spotlight
Publications. p. 7.
41. Morse 1996, p. 27.
42. Wakeman 1995, pp. 108–109.
43. Sharp, Ken. "Rick Wakeman: On 'Piano Portraits,' David Bowie, Yes in the Rock Hall of
Fame and More (Q&A)" (http://www.rockcellarmagazine.com/2017/01/12/rick-wakeman-
interview-piano-portraits-yes-rock-roll-hall-of-fame-david-bowie/#sthash.sKeo1PtR.dpbs).
Rock Cellar Magazine. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
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45. Morse 1996, p. 29.
46. Welch 2008, p. 117.
47. Wooding 1979, p. 73.
48. Wakeman 1995, p. 117.
49. Wooding 1979, p. 82.
50. "The Fragile Carriage Company Limited" (https://www.duedil.com/company/01214548
/fragile-carriage-company-limited-the). DueDil. 1975-06-02. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
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52. Morse 1996, p. 152.
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/0,9171,910925,00.html). Time Magazine. 31 December 1973. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
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1974.
61. Wooding 1979, p. 13.
62. Wooding 1979, p. 11.
63. Wooding 1979, p. 12.
64. Wooding 1979, p. 15.
65. Wakeman 1995, p. 120.
66. Wakeman 1995, p. 123.
67. Wakeman 1995, p. 124.
68. Wakeman 1995, p. 125.
69. Wooding 1979, p. 22.
70. "Rick Wakeman, six wives and one hell of a party" (http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk
/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6200354.ece). The Times. 1 May 2009.
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72. Wooding 1979, p. 124.
73. Wooding 1979, p. 126.
74. Wooding 1979, p. 128.
75. Wooding 1979, p. 133.
76. Booklet notes to Wakeman's 1994 live album, Live on the Test (1994).
77. Miller, Jonathan (November 1995). "Rick Wakeman: Cirque Surreal"
(http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1995_articles/nov95/rickwakeman.html?print=yes).
Sound On Sound. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
78. "100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock & Roll" (https://web.archive.org
/web/20110605050147/http://www.vh1.com/shows/the_greatest
/episode.jhtml?episodeID=62200). Vh1.com. Archived from the original
(http://www.vh1.com/shows/the_greatest/episode.jhtml?episodeID=62200) on 5 June
2011. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
79. John Bungey (20 December 2008). "Prog Rock Britannia celebrates the men in loon pants"
(http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music
/article5320354.ece). The Times. UK. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
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External links
Rick Wakeman's Communication Centre (http://www.rwcc.com/)
Rick Wakeman's Official Press Photos (http://www.lwmultimedia.co.uk
/Rick_Wakeman_Press_Photos.html)
Rick Wakeman (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0906857/) on IMDb
Rick Wakeman Interview (https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/rick-wakeman) NAMM
Oral History Library (2013)

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