In Nov Science

By
P. Madhava Reddy Mahesh Patil Syed Khamaroddin

PREFACE
We are delighted to place the first edition of our magazine “innov science
“for the young science enthusiasts.
This magazine is for you, the simple fact that you are reading this book
indicates you want to mess with innovative facts and technologies, etc. and hopefully
this will enable you to do that.
What kind of magazine is this / (Basic Philosophy of the magazine)

In one sense this magazine enables you to know what actually science is all
about and recent updates of science and technology and how it has made mankind
to lead his life easily.
Also this magazine mainly stresses about the conceptual learning i.e., it
focuses on why, what, how and when of many simple things which we witness in our
daily life.
And moreover it also puts an extreme focus on how science has made our
home planet “earth” loose its luster.
Each topic contained in this book consists of the subject matter in a very
simple language and lucid style and more colorful to make things look interesting.
This book also encloses the scope given for the innovative ideas as the book
itself is innovative and named “innov science” from the organization “innovseed”.
Innovseed is deeply committed to the field of education. It is this commitment

and as strong focus on helping on young men and women to make informed choices
with regard to their courses of study and their careers at the critical points of their
education. This book provides you a snapshot of some of the main professional
courses available. We at innovseed wish its young readers to obtain a course of
their choice and a bright future.
Go through this book again and if you encounter any doubts or find difficulty
in understanding please do not hesitate to write to us. We will only be glad to
clarify.
We wish you success in all future endeavors. Happy reading.
-Editors
Contents
1. Science Wind ............................................... 1

2. Future Science ............................................ 5
3. Science Puzzles ........................................... 11
4. Science Quiz .............................................. 16
5. Scientific Facts ........................................... 25
6. Global Warming ........................................... 37
7. Amazing Science .......................................... 45
8. Science Career ............................................ 51
9. Science Vocabulary ........................................ 63
Science Winds
Science Winds INNOV
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Science and technology have profoundly influence the course of

human civilization. Science has provided us remarkable insights into the
world we live in. The scientific revolutions of the twentieth century have
led to many technologies, which promise to herald wholly new eras in
many fields. As we stand today at the beginning of new century, we have to
ensure fullest use of these developments for the wellbeing of our people.
Science and technology are chief agents of change in our society.

Though science is the cornerstone of technology, science education is not
the foundation of technology education. There are some inter relations
between the two. Science stresses „knowing‟ while technology tries to find
new ways to solve the old problems.
So technology education helps one to „decide‟ and „make‟ after

examining state-of-the-art of technology issues, their potential and
limitations, long term consequences, etc. Technology education is then to
make use of technology-control it, take decisions, and give directions. Thus
it is appropriate for the non-science students as it incorporates an element
of social responsibility to enable them make use of technology, control it,
take decisions and give directions.
In the global village of today where culture and language separate

people, technology is the powerful cement. Though one country can‟t
speak the language of another, they communicate through technological
e-mail:innovseed@gmail.com www.innovseed.webnode.com 1
Science Winds INNOV
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designs and systems. They even integrate their efforts to solve design
problems over internet today.
Science and technology has been an integral part of Indian

civlisation and culture over the past several millennia. Few are that India
was the fountain head of important foundational scientific developments
and approaches. These cover many great scientific discoveries and
technological achievements in mathematics, astronomy, architecture,
chemistry, metallurgy, medicine, natural philosophy and other areas. A
great deal of this peciali outwards from India. Equally, India also
assimilated scientific ideas and technique from elsewhere, with open
mindedness and a rational attitude characteristic of a scientific ethos.
India‟s traditions have founded on the principles of universal harmony,
respect for all the creations. This background is likely to provide valuable
insights for future scientific advances.
In the half century since independence, India has been committed to

the task of promoting the spread of science. The key role of technology as
an important element of national development is also well recognized.
Various Revolutions in science and technology
India after independence include
1966-Green Revolution
The introduction of pesticides and high-yield
grains and better management during the 1960s
and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural
Science Winds INNOV
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productivity is called as green revolution.
The green revolution has been the country‟s best advertised success
story, leading to the dramatic transformation from an international basket
case to a model held out to others by such critical institutions like World
Bank. .
1975-Space missions- India launched its first satellite “Aryabhatta” and

India launches studying the surface of moon “Chandrayana mission”.
1995-Telecom Revolution-
From the fisher man in high
seas to the vegetable vendor on
the street to the businessman in
his high powered office, the
mobile phones have become the
medium of masses and the great
equalizer.
2004-Electronic Voting
Machines – It was an
experiment in Kerala that
changed the country‟s
democratic process, confining
Science Winds INNOV
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the ballot paper history and redefining the electoral process.
2005-IT revolutions- A farmer can check the price of vegetables from a
computer in his village, railway tickets can be booked at the click of a
mouse and surgeries performed from across the world. Technology has
changed the life never before.
2006-Social Networking – Trudging long distance to revive links with old

friends and attending parties to socialize is a thing of the past as
networking acquires an all new meaning in a virtual world. Major social
networking sites include Facebook, Orkut, and Twitter etc.
Future Science INNOV
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FUTURE
Science
Science
Science
Our knowledge bank is

growing exponentially; it is
doubling every year. By the
time a seven year old of
today becomes seventy, the
knowledge bank will double
twenty-one times, that
means, it will be multiplied
nearly by a factor of one
million.
The evolution of biological
life and evolution of
technology have followed
the same pattern. We are
entering the explosive part of technological evolution graph. Gordon
Moore, co-founder of Intel, said that the processing power of computer
doubles itself every eighteen months (Moore‟s law).We have seen the truth
in it when we have already switched over to Pentium 4 today from 286
processor of the early 1990s. It is projected that by 2019, transistor features
will be few atoms in width. Today computing cubes, another innovation
have thousands of layers of circuit and not just one as in today‟s computer
chips. Therefore, there is exponential growth in computing. Other
upcoming technologies include nanotube circuits, optical computing,
crystalline computing, molecular computing, DNA computing.
Science
It will be possible to send nanobots into the blood stream and program
them to explore every capillary, monitoring the brain‟s intricate
connections and neuro-transmitter concentration.
Humanoid robots emulating and having life-like facial expressions are

already being developed at several laboratories in Japan.
Bionics often refers to the replacement of the living parts with the
cybernetic spare ones, but broadly it also means innovating a better
artificial system through biological principles. Merger of biological
principles with the micro-electronics as at the heart of most of the coming
events. The power of the gene and that of the electron will be unleashed
fully to transform fundamental facets of our lives
Within 50 years from now, we might see

 A computer which will have the processing power of all human
brans on earth.
 A cloned human being. A sheep named Dolly was cloned at the

Rosaline institute near Edinburg in February 1997 from the udder
(milk secreting organ of sheep) of ewe (Female sheep).A technology
called somatic cell nuclear transfer was used.
 An artificial womb for women.
 Retinal implant will make if possible for a blind person to see.
 Replacement of hearts and livers by custom grown ones from the

recipients own stem cell.
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 Virtual reality will come alive by addition of the senses of smell and
touch.
 Custom clothing from high resolution scans buyer‟s body at very

low cost.
 Production of food that will counteract elements like diabetes,

cholera, high cholesterol, hepatitis.
 Growing bigger and harder muscles with genetic vaccine without

sweating out at the gym.
Research on the basic processes of the cell differentiation holds out

the promise of new medical interventions and cures. Burn victims
might be provided replacement skin grown from their own body
cells. Those with the spinal cord injuries will have similar
replacement; damage by degenerative disorders like diabetes,
Parkinson‟s diseases or Alzheimer‟s disease might be reversed.
As the advancements speeds up. It is projected that by 2019, 1000-

dollar PC will have processing power of human brain .e, 20 million billion
calculation per second. According to neuro-scientists, each of 100 billion
neurons in the human brain has 1000 connections and each connections
does 200 calculations per second.
Science Puzzles INNOV
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Science
Puzzles
Science
Science
A.CODE-DECODE
Name of Scientists
1) Invented Rabies Vaccine
SUIOLREUASPT
2) Proposed Theory OF relativity

BRATELNISEINET
3) Invented evolution Theory

RLESCHANIWARD
4) Discovered Radio activity

DAMAMERIUC
5) Father of biology
TELTOSIRA
6) Proposed law of gravitation

SAIACNOTWEN
7) Father of Indian Nuclear Sciences

IOMHABAB
8) First Indian too enter space
Science
SHEAKRASHMRA
9) Italian electrical engineer who invented wireless telegraphy

INOCRMA
10) Discovered Electromagnetism

ADYARFA
B. Number Locker
Number Locker I
Across :
2. A palindrome that is cube of a
prime number which is in turn a
single digit
4. Palindrome that begins with 5
5. A dozen‟s dozen
Down :
1. Two Unities to the fourth power
and a palindrome
2. Two digits descent to 1, one at a time
3. This adds up to 9
Science
Starters: Remember, palindrome are the numbers that read the same
backwards and forwards,
Number Locker II
Across:
2. The second digit is the cube of the first
3. The lowest possible three-digit square
of an even number (Remember no zeroes
are allowed)
4. The cube of the number that made the
square in 3 across
5. The sum of the digits is 22
Down :
1. A palindrome: the first or third digit is half the second
2. Each digit is half the corresponding first four digits in 1 down
3. The sum of the digits is 13
4. Both square and fourth power of even numbers
Science
C. Grid Puzzle:
Solve and Find the Name of Animals (Ten)
Science Quiz INNOV
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Science
Quiz ..? ? ? ?
Science Quiz INNOV
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Science Quiz INNOV
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Q uiz ?
1 What colour does acid turn Litmus paper?

A. Red
2 Which metal do you get from bauxite?
A. Aluminium
3 Which animal produces the biggest baby?
A. Blue Whale
4 Acid rain is composed mainly of the oxides of two elements. Give either.
A. Sulphur or Nitrogen
5 What sort of creature is a bustard?
A. A bird
6 What is calcium carbonate normally known as?
A. Chalk
7. What word do we use to describe the asexual reproduction of a genetic
carbon copy of an animal or plant?
A. Clone
8. Which chemical element has the shortest name - 3 letters?
A. Tin
9. What is t–e correct name for a rabbit's tail?
A. Scut
10. What name i‟ given to the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell?
A. Cathode
Science Quiz INNOV
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11. Which is the largest Fresh water lake in the world?
A. Lake Superior
12. What is the name of the process used for clarifying beer or wine?
A. Fining
13. Who discovered the rabies vaccination?
A. Louis Pasteur (1885)
14. How many hearts does an octopus have?
A. 3
15. How many teeth does an elephant have?
A. 4
16. Haptic relates to which of the five senses?
A. Touch
17. What is the second largest island in the world?
A. New Guinea (Greenland is the largest)
18. Which instrument is used to measure pressure?
A.Manometer
19. What does Angstrom measure?
A. A metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or
0.0001 micron); used to specify wavelengths of electromagnetic
radiation
20. Light year is related to
A.Distance
21. Who discovered Uranus?
A. Herschel
22. Joule is the unit of
A.Heat
Science Quiz INNOV
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Science Quiz INNOV
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23. How many Dynes are there in one gram weight?
A.981
24. How many Ergs are these in 1 Joule?

A.107
25. The unit of current is
A.Ampere
26. The unit of energy in MKS system is
A.Joule
27. The intensity of an earthquake is measured with a
A.Seismograph
28. Centigrade & Fahrenheit scales give same reading at
A. 40°
29. Who among the following described protoplasm as the physical basis of
life?
A.T. H. Huxley
30. The scientist who first discovered that the earth revolves round the sun
was
A.Copernicus
31. Alexander Fleming discovered
A. Penicillin
32. Who invented the steam engine?
A. James Watt
33. Who invented typewriter?
A. Sholes (Qwert Yuiop)
34. Who discovered circulation of blood in human body?
Science Quiz INNOV
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A.William Harvey
35. The first attempt in printing was made in England by
A.William Caxton
36. Who was the surgeon who pioneered antiseptic surgery in 1865?
A.Joseph Lister
37. The credit of inventing the television goes to
A. J.L.Baird
38. The credit of developing the polio vaccine goes to
A.Jonas Salk
39. Mark the wrong combination

a. James Watt: Steam Engine
b. A.G. Bell: Telephone
c. J. L. Baird: Television
d. J. Perkins: Penicillin
40. Choose the correct combination

a. Typewriter: Remington
b. Dynamite: Dunlop
c. Evolution: Darwin
d. Aeroplane: Harway
41. Who invented the ball point pen?

A. Lazlo Biro
Science Quiz INNOV
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42. Blasé Pascal is associated with
a. Calculating machine
b. Computer
c. Cinema
d. None of these
43. Wright Brothers are regarded inventors of the

A.Aeroplane
44. Philology is the
a. Study of bones
b. Study of muscles
c. Study of architecture
d. Study of languages
45. Anatomy is the branch of science which deals with

a. Structure of animals and plants
b. Functioning of body organs
c. Animal behavior
d. Cells and tissues
46. Study of earthquakes is known as

a. Ecology
b. Seismology
c. Numismatics
d. None of these
Science Quiz INNOV
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47. Ecology deals with

a. Birds
b. Cell formation
c. Relation between Organisms and their environment
d. Tissues
48. Meteorology is the science of

a. Weather
b. Meteors
c. Metals
d. Earthquakes
49. Eugenics is the study of

a. Altering humans beings by changing their genetic components
b. People of European origin
c. Different races of mankind
d. Genetics of plants
50. Ornithology is the

a. Study of bones
b. Study of birds
c. Study of smells
d. None of these
Science Quiz INNOV
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Scientific Facts! INNOV Science
Scientific
Facts !
Why does a rider feel a tendency to fall when the horse starts running
and stops suddenly?
Answer: This is caused by inertia. When the horse starts running, the rider,
being at rest, falls back. When a running horse stops suddenly, the rider
being in motion has a tendency to fall ahead.
Why does a person carrying a bucket full of water in his right hand
bend towards the left?
Answer: He bends towards his left so that the center of gravity falls within
the base. This enables him to keep up balance, otherwise he may fall.
Why does tea cool more rapidly in a saucer than in a cup?

Answer: In a saucer evaporation takes place more rapidly than in a cup.
Cooling is caused by evaporation.
Ice packed in sawdust does not melt quickly. Why?

Answer: Ice packed in sawdust does not melt quickly, because sawdust
being bad conductor, it cuts the heat reserving the area where the ice is
placed.
Why do you heat a metal rim before fitting it to a wheel?

Answer: By heating, the rim expands and fits easily over a slightly bigger
radius than that of the rim. On being cooled it contracts and has a firm grip
on the wheel.
Why do wet clothes dry slowly on a rainy day?

Answer: On a rainy day the atmospheric air contains more water pecia
than on a dry day and hence evaporation is slower.
Why does a substance thrown up come to the ground?

Answer: Because of the gravitational force of the earth as explained by Sir
Isacc Newton.
Why does moisture gather outside of a glass of cold water on a warm

day?
Answer: The temperature of the outer surface of glass of cold water is
lower than that of its surroundings. The pecia in the surrounding
atmosphere gets condensed on the outer surface of the water appears in the
forms of tiny particles of water.
What happens to iron when it rusts?

Answer: It reacts with the oxygen of the air and forms iron-oxide which is
the rust.
How would you distinguish between welding and soldering?

Answer: Welding is the process of joining of metals by raising the
temperature of the metals to fuse them together by melting their ends.
Soldering is the joining of metals with the help of an alloy called solder.
How does a ball which falls down, bounce up?

Answer: It is due to the operation of Newton‟s Third Law of motion. To
every action there is equal and opposite reaction. A ball falling to the
ground is slightly deformed. Due to the elastic force of the material of
which the ball is made of, the ball tries to recover its original shape. In
doing so it forces the ground which pushes the ball upwards due to this
reaction the ball bounces up.
An iron nail floats on mercury but sinks in water. Give reasons.

Answer: The specific density of iron is lower than that of mercury, hence it
floats on mercury, while it is higher than that of water, and hence it sinks in
water.
How do you convert Centigrade in to Fahrenheit?

Answer: With the help of the following formula – C/100 = F-32/180.
Alternatively it can also be written as = ((F-32)*5)/9.
It is advisable to work with the electric appliances only when they are
earthed suitably. Why?
Answer: In case of short-circuiting, the current passes to the earth without
harming the user, if an electrical appliance is properly earthed.
How does a refrigerator keep food fresh?
Answer: Food is kept fresh as long as fermentation does not set in;
refrigeration prevents fermentation by providing a low temperature using
suitable coolant taking away the heat produced by the pump.
Why can a petrol fire not be extinguished by throwing water on it?

Answer: The heat of the petrol fire is so intense that the water thrown on it
gets evaporated and decomposed. Hence it is not effective in extinguishing
the petrol fire.
A train stops when the chain is pulled. Why?

Answer: When the chain is pulled, one small valve gets opened and
air/atmospheric pressure is admitted to the underside of the piston head of
the brake cylinder through pipe connection. Initially there is vacuum on
both top and bottom side of the piston head. When the air/atmospheric
pressure enters the underside of the piston head, the piston raises up due to
difference of pressure and pulls the brake rigging to which it is connected
with links and levers. Thus the brakes are applied and the train stops.
Soaps come in different colours. But why is soaps lather always white
in colours?
Answer.
Lather or foam is nothing but a large collection of small soap bubbles. A
soap bubble is, in turn a very thin film of soaps solution enclosing some air.
Because of low surface tensions of soap solution, the film stretches spreads
and forms innumerable bubbles with a very large total surface area.
Due to this, whatever slight tint is present in the film of the coloured soap
solution gets subdued. Although a soap film is more or less transparent, the
lather or foam looks white because the light striking this large collection of
bubbles get scattered. That is the reason why all kinds of lather or foam
appear white.
Why does paper become translucent when smeared with oil or fat?
Answer.
When the light is incident on a medium or surface, three processes occur,
Viz., (1) transmission (2) absorption (3) reflection. „Transmission‟ is the
process by which the incident light leaves a medium or surface from a side
other than the incident side, usually, the opposite side.
„Absorption‟ is the process by which incident light is converted into

another form of energy, usually heat. „Reflection‟ is the process where the
fraction of the light incident on a medium or surface is returned to the
surface which contains the incident light.
„Transparency‟ is that property of a medium or surface by which it

transmits light rays. „Translucency‟ is that property of a medium by which
it transmits light rays, so diffused, that objects cannot be seen distinctly.
That is to say, it is partially transparent.
Based on the measurement of angles („goniometric‟), materials can be

classified under three heads, viz., (1) exclusively reflecting- e.g., Mirror,
lacquer and enamel coatings, oil and paints films, (2) weakly transmitting,
but strongly, reflecting- e.g. Sun glasses, highly turbid glass, paper, and (3)
strongly transmitting but weakly reflecting – e.g. plastic film , windows

glass. Now , consider a sheet of (ordinary) paper. It is weakly transmitting
and strongly reflecting material, (Zero transparency)smear oil over a paper.
This results in the further reduction of the transmission in the paper. Thus
paper therefore becomes translucent.
What is the advantage of sucking a cut finger?

Answer:
Saliva which is secreted in the oral activity contains many substances
which have antibacterial and antiviral activity. These include immune
globulins such as IG-A, G, M which help clump the bacteria. Also there are
lysozymes- enzymes first described by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1922-
Which destroy the bacterial cell wall.
A protein lactoferrin found in the saliva also helps in inhibiting

multiplication of bacteria‟s by interfering with iron utilization by germs.
The physical effect of sucking out the infecting material implanted during
cut also plays an important role. Forcibly bleeding the finger and flushing it
with running water is equally effective in prevention of bacterial
contamination.
How does a SIM card function in a cell phone?

Answer: It is a plastic card, which is called a Subscriber Identity Module
(SIM). It consists of an integrated microprocessor chip, which keeps data
relating to a subscriber, and provides communication with GSM network.
Territory covered with GSM network is divided into hexagonal cells. The
Diameter of each Hexagonal Cell may be from 400m up to 50km, which
consists of base station that provides communication-receive and
transmission, and antennae.
All GSM cellular communication telephone calls are performed via these
antennae and stations, which are regulated by switch center. Switching
center provides communication between city communication telephone
network, base stations and other cellular communication operators. Every
time you switch on your cell phone, the communication is performed with
the nearest base station. At the same time permanent receive-transmission
of signals from your terminal is performed.
When a terminal (phone) is switched on, the system automatically searches

and defines subscriber‟s location by SIM. The sim card along with your
cell phone can enable the secure transfer of messages. SIM card serial
number is printed on its backside. This number contains the information
necessary to obtain a new card, in case SIM Card or GSM phone is lost or
stolen.
SIM Card does not limit talk‟s duration. Unauthorized access is prevented
by the password. Functional opportunities of SIM-card are an opportunity
to keep cost per minute and talk duration data; to block the outgoing calls
except the specified numbers; to keep up to 150 telephone numbers in cards
memory; to keep last 10 outgoing telephone numbers in card memory.
Why do people feel sleepy while reading?

Answer: Feeling sleepy for many is due to the posture in which they read.
While reading a person rarely moves, this lack of physical activity causes
decreased blood flow to muscles, which results in accumulation of lactic
acid (a product of incomplete combustion in the cells).
This lactic acid is a highly reducing or oxygen absorbing agent, which

quickly reacts with the oxygenated blood. This ensures lack of oxygenated
blood flowing to the brain, which makes us feel sleepy.
To tackle this problem we must avoid reading in a single stretch, instead
it‟s better to take some breaks and indulge in physical activity at short
intervals.
How does a remote control in a TV works?

Answer: The recent remote controls use infra-red (IR) rays and a special
binary (0 and 1) code mechanism. The code, intensity and wavelength of
the IR wave, helps us to select different functions. Depending on the key
pressed, a signal is sent out by the infrared source. Say by an Injection
Laser Diode (ILD).
This signal is received by the photo-sensitive devices such as avalanche

photo diode at the receiver.
In the past, why was injection administered in the stomach for dog
bite?
Answer: The vaccine is given in the stomach region because of the
presence of large subcutaneous layer there. Earlier version of this injection
needs slower absorption and prolonged activity. Only injection given to a
subcutaneous region layer can achieve this. Buttocks or arms region
contain large area of muscle and less of sub cutaneous layer. Hence they
are not suitable sites. One more reason is that the stomach region can
accommodate large doses and avoid any complication.
The improved version is a cell cultured vaccine and acts the same way as
any other vaccine. In other words it does not require a subcutaneous layer.
Hence, it can be given in buttocks or arm.
Is it true that fridge and other electrical appliances should not be

switched on immediately after switching off?
Answer: It is true that fridge and other electrical appliances should not be
switched on immediately after switch off. This is because in fridge, the
expansion device that changes the high pressure into low pressure is a
simple capillary tube. When the fridge is switched off the compressor stops
working and the refrigerant slowly flows down to the evaporator and after
the time gap the entire refrigerant will be in the evaporator. If the system is
switched on immediately, the compressor starts under „no load condition.
Refrigerator manufacturers take this into account and use low power
motors along with the compressors to reduce cost. Hence immediate switch
on should be avoided to prevent any damage.
How does exposure to sun help to produce vitamin-D in humans?

Answer: Vitamin-D is a steroid prohormone. Various metabolic changes in
the body give rise to a hormone known as calcitriol, which plays a central
role in calcium and phosphate metabolism. Humans have two possible
sources of vitamin-D; endogenous synthesis in the skin and exogenous
dietary sources. In both, the manufacture takes place by the action of
ultraviolet light from sun on a precursor substance.
Why do finger tips become white and cold when we put rubber bands
around them?
Answer. Normally, body temperature and colour are maintained by the
blood circulating in our body. When a rubber band is put on a finger or it is
tied, the blood is stopped from going beyond it. Hence the portion beyond
it becomes white and cool as the heat supplied by the blood is also stopped.
Why we are unable to see through the frosted glass?

Answer: A glass plate, which is polished on the both the sides „perfectly‟
transparent to light and so one can see through it. However if one of the
surfaces is sand blasted to get a frost glass, this rough surface would scatter
almost all the light in all the directions.
Therefore light entering one side of the glass plate is totally scattered and
lost and thus is not able to pass through. So we cannot see through. If one
of the surfaces is mirrored then too one cannot see through but in this case
the light is not scattered but completely reflected off and one would then
see it as a shiny mirror.
Global Warming INNOV
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G
l
o
b
a
l
Warming
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Major environmental issue of 21st century
On 5 June, 1989 the world environmental day, UNEP (United
Nations Environmental Programe) has appropriately chosen a slogan
“Global Warming: Global Warming” to alert the human race. Global
warming is one of the major environmental issues of the 21 st century. It
challenges the very structure of our global society. Now a days global
warming is not just a scientific concern, but encompasses economics,
sociology, geopolitics, local politics and individuals choice of lifestyle.
Global Warming is caused by the massive increase of greenhouse

gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere resulting from the burning
of fossil fuels and deforestation. Carbon dioxide is not the only culprit
which contributes to greenhouse effect and global warming. It is the major
greenhouse gas but there are other greenhouse gases – methane, nitrous
oxide, water vapour, ozone, chloroflurocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12
(Commonly known as feron), chlorodifluoro methane HCFC-22, perfluoro
methane and Sulphur hexafluoride. Last four greenhouse gasses do not
exist naturally and are human generated.
Now one question arises, how greenhouse gases raise average

temperature of our home planet? The temperature of the earth is controlled
by the balance between the input from energy of the sun and the loss of this
back into space. Certain atmospheric gases are critical to this temperature
balance and are known as greenhouse gases. The energy received from the
sun is in the form of shortwave radiation i.e., in the visible spectrum and
ultraviolet radiation. On average, about one-third of this solar radiation that
Science
hits the earth is reflected back to space. Of the remainder, some is absorbed
by the atmosphere, but most is absorbed by the land and oceans. The earth
surface becomes warm and as a result emits long-wave “infrared”
radiation. The greenhouse gases trap and re-emit some of this long wave
radiation and warm the atmosphere. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases
include water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide
and together they create a natural green house or blanket effect, warming
the earth. Remember that the two most important greenhouse gases are
carbon dioxide and water vapour.
The temperature effects of carbon dioxide and water vapour combine

together to have a long range impact on the global climate. As the surface
temperature increases, it increase in level of carbon dioxide, the
evaporation of surface water increases, there by rising the temperature
further. In short we can say that the average temperature of earth depends
upon the concentration of carbon dioxide present in our atmosphere.
Without the natural greenhouse effect that these two gases (Carbon
dioxide, water vapour) produce, the earth‟s average temperature would
roughly be -200 Celsius. This means that for the survival of life in our
home planet, definite amount of greenhouse gases must exist in our
atmosphere.
Science
Who produces maximum carbon dioxide –developed or less developed

countries?
The major sources of carbon dioxide are the burning of fossil fuel,
since a significant part of carbon dioxide emission comes from energy
production, industrial processes and transport. These are not evenly
distributed around the world because of unequal distribution of industry.
North America, Europe and Asia emit over 90% of the global industrial
carbon dioxide. The US has produced maximum carbon dioxide in the
world. China has the second highest emission of carbon dioxide emission
in the world. However, per captia the Chinese are ten times lower to US.
So this means that in the US every person responsible for producing ten
times more carbon dioxide pollution than china. In short we can say that
according to population distribution, developed countries are more
responsible for emission of carbon dioxide to atmosphere.
The second major source of carbon dioxide emission is as a result of

land use changes. This emission comes down primarily from cutting down
of forests for agriculture, urbanization or roads. When large areas of rain
forests are cut down, the land often turns into less productive grasslands
with considerably less capacity for storing carbon dioxide. Here the pattern
of carbon dioxide emission is different, with South America, Asia and
Africa being responsible for 90% of present day land use emission about 4
billion peci of carbon every year. From above discussion we may
Science
conclude that both developed and less developed countries are more
responsible for emission of carbon dioxide to our atmosphere.
Is “green house effect” happened only on earth?
No, it is not an isolated phenomenon. It happened on our neighbouring
planets. One of the examples is Venus. Venus is known to be roughly the
size of Earth; astronomers often refer it to as planetary sister. Temperature
and pressure on the Venus are extremely high. At the surface of Venus the
temperature is about 4800 Celsius hot enough to melt the metals such as
Science
Lead, Aluminium and Zinc. These very high temperatures are believed to
be due, at least in part, to a process known as “greenhouse effect”.
About 95% of the atmosphere is made up carbon dioxide. The planet
is almost completely dry. Water vapour is present only in very small
amounts less than 1% of the total weight of the air.
In the early solar
system, the sun was
probably cooler and
dimmer than it is now, and
Venus was similar to the
earth, with a reasonably
element climate and with
oceans covering much of its
surface. But as the sum
become hotter, Venus‟s
water began to evaporate in
its atmosphere. Water can
Science
be even more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. As the
temperature rose because of greenhouse type warming, the carbon dioxide
in the oceans was released and entered the atmosphere to accelerate global
warming still further. Then, in a run way greenhouse effect, the oceans
evaporated entirely. Since the carbon dioxide remained, it became
dominant species in the atmosphere of Venus.
Scientists believed that Venusian surface are still extremely hot due
it greenhouse effect. In this greenhouse effect. In this greenhouse effect, the
main part is played by carbon dioxide. From above discussion we may
conclude that if quantity of carbon dioxide increases too much, earth may
share the fate of its neighbouring planet with the surface temperature of
4500 C.
Let us join in the campaign and try to minimise carbon dioxide in
our daily lives and SAVE EARTH.
Amazing Science INNOV
Science
Amazing Science
Science
Science
Science
1. The increased electricity used by modern appliances is causing a shift

in the Earth‟s magnetic field. By the year 2327, the North Pole will be
located in mid-Kansas, while the South Pole will be just off the coast of
East Africa.
2. Smearing a small amount of dog faeces on an insect bite will relieve the
itching and swelling.
3. The Boeing 747 is capable of flying upside-down if it weren‟t for the
fact that the wings would shear off when trying to roll it over.
4. The only golf course on the island of Tonga has 15 holes, and there‟s
no penalty if a monkey steals your golf ball.
5. SCUBA divers cannot pass gas at depths of 33 feet or below.
6. Catfish are the only animals that naturally have an ODD number of
whiskers.
7. Polar bears can eat as many as 86 penguins in a single sitting.
8. The Air Force‟s F-117 fighter uses aerodynamics discovered during
research into how bumblebees fly.
9. You can get blood from a
stone, but only if contains at
least 17 percent bauxite.
10. Approximately one-sixth of

your life is spent on
Wednesdays.
Science
11. The skin needed for elbow transplants must be taken from the scrotum
of a cadaver.
12. A cat‟s purr has the same romance-enhancing frequency as the voice of
singer Barry White.
13. The typewriter was invented by Hungarian immigrant Qwert Yuiop,
who left his “signature” on the keyboard.
14. The volume of water that the Giant Sequoia tree consumes in a 24-hour
period contains enough suspended minerals to pave 17.3 feet of a 4-
lane concrete freeway.
15. Human saliva has a boiling point three times that of regular water.
16. Watching an hour-long soap opera burns more calories than watching a
three-hour baseball game.
17. Urine from male cape water buffaloes is so flammable that some tribes
use it for lantern fuel.
18. If you put a bee in a film canister for two hours, it will go blind and
leave behind its weight in honey.
19. Never hold your nose and cover your mouth when sneezing, as it can
blow out your eyeballs.
20. Centuries ago, purchasing real estate often required having one or more
limbs amputated in order to prevent the purchaser from running away
to avoid repayment of the loan. Hence an expensive purchase was said
to cost “an arm and a leg.”
21. When Mahatma Gandhi died, an autopsy revealed five gold
Krugerrands in his small intestine.
Science
22. Aardvarks are allergic to radishes, but only during summer months.
23. Coca-Cola was the favored drink of Pharaoh Ramses. An inscription
found in his tomb, when translated, was found to be almost identical to
the recipe used today.

24. If you part your hair on the right side, you were born to be carnivorous.
If you part it on the left, your physical and psychological make-up is
that of a vegetarian.
25. When immersed in liquid, a dead sparrow will make a sound like a
crying baby.
Science
26. The world‟s smartest pig, owned by a mathematics teacher in Madison,
WI, memorized the multiplication tables up to 12.
27. Due to the natural “momentum” of the ocean, saltwater fish cannot
swim backwards.
28. In ancient Greece, children of wealthy families were dipped in olive oil
at birth to keep them hairless throughout their lives.
29. The original inspiration for Barbie dolls comes from dolls developed by
German propagandists in the late 1930s to impress young girls with the
ideal notions of Aryan features. The proportions for Barbie were
actually based on those of Eva Braun.
30. The Venezuelan brown bat can detect and dodge individual raindrops
in mid-flight, arriving safely back at his cave completely dry.
Science Career INNOV
Science
Science Career
Science
Science
Student who are on the crucial blend often get confused about
various career options available. Here, we at INNOVSEED provide you
rough picture of various core fields available today
Agriculture:
Agriculture is the mainstay of
Indian economy. It provides food
for our millions and raw
materials for our industries. As
over 60 percent of India‟s
population still depends on
agriculture, young scientists who
graduate in agriculture,
horticulture, forestry, sericulture
and allied subjects can shape the future of our economy.
Almost every state has agricultural university, our state Karnataka has two
universities one each in Dhārwad and Bangalore. Admission to these
universities is based on marks obtained in the pre-university examination.
Notifications for admission are issued after the announcement of PUC
results.
These universities offer degree programmes in agriculture, horticulture,
forestry, sericulture, agricultural technology, food science and agricultural
engineering. Students who have passed the two year PUC or its equivalent
Science
PCM/PCB are eligible. There are totally about 650 seats available in these
universities in Karnataka.
Job opportunities are plenty in the agriculture sector and agro-

industry. Following are major career areas in the field of agriculture:
Agricultural research, agri-business, agro industry, agricultural education,
agricultural banking, farming conservation and management.
Basic Sciences:
One who got completed with his Pre-university education With
Science Background can opt for Bachelor of Sciences in various
combinations Such as CBZ( Chemistry, Botany and Zoology) , PCM(
Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics), PME( Physics, Mathematics and
Electronics), PMCs(Physics, Mathematics, Computer Sciences) and
various other combinations. There are many universities and colleges in the
state offering these courses. After this one can complete B Ed and get into
educating science for the school students which is indeed a noble
profession.
One after completing his graduation can go for Master‟s degree in

respective field and start teaching at the pre-university level or can further
continue his study by doing research, i.e. by Doing M. Phil( Master of
philosophy), Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) and do research in basic
sciences.
Science
Veterinary Sciences:
The existing population of India needs at least
72000 qualified veterinarians on the field as against
the existing 22000 on the field. These numbers
indicate the critical situation we are in. Add to this
fact that there has been decline in agricultural inputs
recent years. And the importance of animal
husbandry and fisheries increases manifold.
It is important to remind the young people. Who are now standing on

the brink of their careers that more than 30 percent of agricultural income
come from agriculture. The Karnataka veterinary and animal sciences
university, Bidar. Started in 2005, is the fifth of its kind in the country. Its
aim is to promote learning, research and extend education in the field of
veterinary and fisheries.
With seven colleges located in six different campuses across the

state, the university offers Bachelors in Veterinary Sciences. (BVSc) and
Animal Husbandry (AH). For the admissions, candidates should have
appeared for Common Entrance Test conducted by Karnataka examinations
authority and appeared for PUC with Biology, Physics and Chemistry.
Science
Veterinary graduates can seek employment in the state Department
of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services. The line of work can lead
you to an excellent research based career where you may work with the
projects that benefit agricultural communities. This research leads to path
breaking technologies and methods that can change the face of rural
communities in the country.
Medical Sciences:
Medicine is honorary profession which involves
saving of lives. As our life style get increasingly unhealthy
and chronic diseases become too common.Of medicine with
its specialization and super specialization has become more
important. Medical school for MBBS usually lasts for 4.5
years and a compulsory internship. For practicing as a physician and
surgeon, one needs to have medical degree and a license from state medical
council. Every job in medicine as in other profession has its good and bad
sides, it own burdens and responsibilities. However most career in
medicine are rewarding and challenging, if one is in job that is right for
him or her. One can pursue post graduate education in any specialties such
as general medicine, general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology,
anesthesia, psychiatry, pediatrics, pathology, radiology, dermatology and
so on.
The post graduate course is of two/three year‟s duration and can be a

diploma/MD or MS and entrance to these courses are made by various
competitive examinations conducted every year. Those who opt for MD
Science
can pursue DM that includes super-specialties like neurology, cardiology,
pulmonary medicine, endocrinology and medical oncology. And those
opting for MS can pursue Mch that consists of super-specialties like
gastroenterology, nephrology, urology, plastic surgery, neurosurgery,
vascular surgery and oncology.
Beyond its scientific and technical contributions, medicine is uniquely

fulfilling as a profession: it after all gives one satisfaction of curing the
patients and at time saving lives. It is indeed a noble profession.
The scope of Ayurveda (BAMS), unani (BUMS), homeopathy

(BHMS) and naturopathy is very good today as compared.
Pharmacy:
Pharmacy is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted
profession, and it plays a key role in healthcare. Its
rapid growth over the past two decades can be
attributed to the pecializatio and technological
advancement. Historically, pharmacy was closely
interwoven with medicine, so much that only one
person used to carry out both the functions that is treating the patient as
well as preparation of medicines.
The structure of pharmacy education consists of three-tier system

D.Pharm or two year Diploma in pharmacy course: - intermediate
mathematics or biology candidates are eligible. After completion, graduates
Science
can work either in community, pharmacy or a hospital. Diploma holders
can also join the second year B.Pharm as lateral entry students. Four years
B.Pharm course followed by 2 years Master of pharmacy: B.Pharm course
curriculum in India is industry oriented in contrast to the developed
countries where it is clinical oriented. The Ayurvedic and pharmacy
courses are affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.
Dental Sciences:
Here‟s a medical profession that not only deals
with health issues but gives you- not to mention
your beaming patient – something to smile about.
Dentistry A career in dentistry has many rewards
both financial and professional. With an
increasing demand for aesthetic dentistry and
surgery, the thrust is on pecializations with technology and advanced
skills driving the profession.
The regulatory system by the Dental Council of India was introduced along
with the establishment of dental education in India. The undergraduate
course in BDS on can goes for post-graduation in MDS.
Engineering –A bird’s eye view

For Several decades Engineering has been the most favored course
of study, not only for who desire to get into technology, but those who
want to pursue a career at the managerial or administrative level. There is a
huge demand for seats in Indian Institute of Technology (IITs), Birla
Science
Institute of Technology and Science (BITs), National Institute of
Technology (NITs) to get into these premier one needs to appear for
examinations such as IIT-JEE, BITSAT, AIEEE etc.
While engineering continues to be the No. 1 in popularity, one

should not be ignorant of the alternatives that are available today. Law has
emerged as an excellent foundation for those who seek a fulfilling career,
particularly after the establishment of National Law Schools across the
country and the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) for the admission
in them. One can appear for the Civil Services Examination (CSE) for
getting into administrable posts such as IAS, IPS, IRS, IFS etc The
different trades in engineering, which are conventionally tagged “core”, are
as follows. Mechanical is reputedly the most core and broad-based of them
all, arguably so, and we will start with that.
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineers have to deal with a wide
range of issues relating to different fields both
during their course and their professional lives.
Therefore, the course is prepared to provide them
with the basic knowledge of different areas of
study. This branch involves application of physics
for analysis, design, manufacturing and
maintenance of large mechanical systems. Further, involving workshops
across trades such as welding, soldering and lathes requires some amount
of physical fitness.
Science
Students learn in-depth in five of the principal engineering sciences-

thermal science, fluids engineering, mechanics and materials, dynamics
and controls and mechanical design. Fields such as aerospace, automotive,
petroleum production and refining; electrical power, electronics,
semiconductors, manufacturing and production; as well as research
positions in industry and government laboratories.
Civil engineering
This is probably the oldest of all trades,
and has been the latest favored by students
in recent years. However, with several
infrastructures, both private and public
works, in the pipeline, there is a severe
paucity of civil engineers in the country.
The course is the application of physical
and scientific principles, and its history is
intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics
throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession,
including several separate specialized sub discipline, its history is linked to
knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils,
hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields. Professionally, your
job will involve design and construction of roads, bridges, railways and so
on and the erection of large buildings. New areas include the field of
structural engineering technologies such as finite element analysis,
artificial intelligence and neural networks.
Science
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This trade goes by the name EEE, to avoid
confusion with the electronics course . A core –
engineering branch electrical has graduated to
include in its name what used to be a
specialization, Electronics. This was due to the
fact that the use of electronics became a key in regulating and monitoring
electrical circuits. The field of engineering deals with the topics revolving
around electricity, electronics and electromagnetism, to name a few.
Electrical graduates are employed in electricity boards and utility
companies and large industries as engineers and managers.
Computer Science and Engineering

This course has been much in demand in recent
years. The computer has maintained its value
because of its broad – based nature. Today,
there is hardly any sector which is in touch by
computerization, so the jobs are always bound
to be there. Also, a lot of cutting edge research in this field offers ample
scope for academic and research based careers. Any person who is used to
logical thinking and understanding with a self-organized style of activity
can fare in the profession.
Some of the skills you need if you are opting for engineering, are
Science
 Proficiency in Physics and Mathematics.
 Consistency in your over-all scoring pattern.
 A logical blend of mind, an ability to calculate and thin subsequently
 Basic Communications Skills, confidence and natural curiosity and

ability to come up with new ideas.
 A genuine to learn and use technology.
Science
Science Vocabulary INNOV
Science
Science
Vocabulary
Science
Science
Kansas- A member of the Siouan people of the Kansas River valley

in Kansas.
Smearing-Stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance.
Scuba Divers-An underwater diver who uses scuba gear.
Catfish-Large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and
no pelvic fins.
Whiskers-A long stiff hair growing from the snout or brow of most
mammals as e.g. a cat.
Aerodynamics-The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion

of gases (especially air) and their effects on bodies in the flow.
 Bumblebees-Robust hairy social bee of temperate regions.
 Scrotum-The external pouch that contains the testes.
 Cadaver-The dead body of a human being.
 Purr-A low vibrating sound typical of a contented cat.
 Giant Sequoia-Extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of

western foothills of Sierra
Nevada in California; largest
living organism.
 Pave-Cover with a material

such as stone or concrete to
Science
make suitable for vehicle traffic.

 Soap Opera-A serialized program usually dealing with
sentimentalized family matters that is broadcast on radio or
television (frequently sponsored by a company advertising soap
products).
 Canister-Metal container for storing dry foods such as tea or flour.
 Amputated-Remove surgically.
 Autopsy-An examination and dissection of a dead body to determine
cause of death or the changes produced by disease.
 Krugerrands-A gold coin minted in South Africa, containing a full
troy ounce of gold.
 Aardvarks-Nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa
that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order
Tubulidentata.
 Propagandists-A person who disseminates messages calculated to
assist some cause or some government.
 Eva Braun-The German mistress of Adolf Hitler (1910-1945).
 Dodge-Make a sudden movement in a new direction so as to avoid.
 Processor-(computer science) the part of a computer (a
microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing.
 Transistor- A semiconductor device capable of amplification.
 Nanotube- A fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal
shape.
 Intricate- Having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate.
Science
 Bionics- Application of biological principles to the study and design

of engineering systems (especially electronic systems).
 Womb- A hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females;
contains the developing foetus.
 Parkinsons Disease- A degenerative disorder of the central nervous
system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination.
 Alzheimer‟s disease- A progressive form of presenile dementia that
is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or
50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by
impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness.
 Encompasses- Include in scope; include as part of something
broader; have as one‟s sphere or territory.
 Sociology- The study and classification of human societies.
 Geopolitics- The study of the effects of economic geography on the
powers of the state.
 Lucid- (of language) transparently clear; easily understandable.
 Haptic- Of or relating to or proceeding from the sense of touch.
 Herald- Praise vociferously.
 Trudging- Walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud.
 Translucent- Allowing light to pass through diffusely.
 Subcutaneous- Relating to or located below the epidermis.
Science
Science
ANSWERS
SCIENCE PUZZLE
A. Code-Decode
1. Louis Pasteur
2. Albert Einstein
3. Charles Darwin
4. Madam Curie
5. Aristotle
6. Isaac Newton
7. Homi Baba
8. Rakesh Sharma
9. Marconi
10. Faraday
B. Number Locker
1. Number locker – 1 1
2. Number locker – 2 2
C. Grid Puzzle
Snake, Horse, vulture, wolf, zebra, tortoise, monkey, swan, owl,
lion.
SCIENCE QUIZ
39. d
40. d
42 . a
44. d
45. a
46. b
47. c
48. a
49. a
50. b
Science
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Science
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By

P. Madhava Reddy Mahesh Patil Syed Khamaroddin

What kind of magazine is this / (Basic Philosophy of the magazine)

Innovseed is deeply committed to the field of education. It is this commitment

We wish you success in all future endeavors. Happy reading.

1. Science Wind ............................................... 1

Science and technology have profoundly influence the course of

Science and technology are chief agents of change in our society.

So technology education helps one to „decide‟ and „make‟ after

In the global village of today where culture and language separate

Science and technology has been an integral part of Indian

In the half century since independence, India has been committed to

1975-Space missions- India launched its first satellite “Aryabhatta” and

2006-Social Networking – Trudging long distance to revive links with old

Our knowledge bank is

Humanoid robots emulating and having life-like facial expressions are

Within 50 years from now, we might see

 A cloned human being. A sheep named Dolly was cloned at the

 An artificial womb for women.

 Retinal implant will make if possible for a blind person to see.

 Replacement of hearts and livers by custom grown ones from the

 Custom clothing from high resolution scans buyer‟s body at very

 Production of food that will counteract elements like diabetes,

 Growing bigger and harder muscles with genetic vaccine without

Research on the basic processes of the cell differentiation holds out

As the advancements speeds up. It is projected that by 2019, 1000-

2) Proposed Theory OF relativity

3) Invented evolution Theory

4) Discovered Radio activity

6) Proposed law of gravitation

7) Father of Indian Nuclear Sciences

8) First Indian too enter space

9) Italian electrical engineer who invented wireless telegraphy

10) Discovered Electromagnetism

1 What colour does acid turn Litmus paper?

24. How many Ergs are these in 1 Joule?

39. Mark the wrong combination

40. Choose the correct combination

41. Who invented the ball point pen?

43. Wright Brothers are regarded inventors of the

45. Anatomy is the branch of science which deals with

46. Study of earthquakes is known as

47. Ecology deals with

48. Meteorology is the science of

49. Eugenics is the study of

50. Ornithology is the

Why does tea cool more rapidly in a saucer than in a cup?

Ice packed in sawdust does not melt quickly. Why?

Why do you heat a metal rim before fitting it to a wheel?

Why do wet clothes dry slowly on a rainy day?

Why does a substance thrown up come to the ground?

Why does moisture gather outside of a glass of cold water on a warm

What happens to iron when it rusts?

How would you distinguish between welding and soldering?

How does a ball which falls down, bounce up?

An iron nail floats on mercury but sinks in water. Give reasons.

How do you convert Centigrade in to Fahrenheit?

How does a refrigerator keep food fresh?

Why can a petrol fire not be extinguished by throwing water on it?

A train stops when the chain is pulled. Why?

„Absorption‟ is the process by which incident light is converted into

„Transparency‟ is that property of a medium or surface by which it

Based on the measurement of angles („goniometric‟), materials can be