THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

ES 31
(LABORATORY EXERCISE)

DENICO, ERL SHANE B.

 1. The pressure gage on a 2.5 m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. Determine the
amount of oxygen in the tank if the temperature is 28 o C and the atmospheric
is 97 kPa.

Given:
V= 2.5m3
Pgage=500 kPa
T=28o + 273=301 K
Patm=97 kPa
O2=?

Sol'n:
a. Patm=Pabs – Pgage
Pabs=Patm + Pgage
=97 kPa + 500 kPa
Pabs=597 kPa

b. PV=mRT
m=PV/RT
m= (597 kPa x 2.5m3) / (0.2598 kj.kg-k x 301 K)
m= 19.08 Kg

2. A 400-L rigid tank contains 5 kg air at 25o C. Determine the reading on the
pressure gage if the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.

*Assumptions At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas.

*Properties The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K (Table A-1).
*Analysis Treating air as an ideal gas, the absolute pressure in the tank is
determined from.

Given:

T= 25o C
Pgage=97 kPa
m =5 kg
V =400-L
Sol'n:
P=mRT/V
= (5 kg x 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K x 298 K) / (0.4 m3)
P= 1069.1 kpa

Thus the gage pressure is

Pgage = P – Patm
Pgage = 1069.1 kPa – 97 kPa
Pgage = 972.1 kPa

3. A 1-m3 tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected through a
valve to another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa. Now the
valve is opened, and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal
equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 20°C. Determine the volume
of the second tank and the final equilibrium pressure of air.

"Two tanks be represented by A and B as shown in the figure."

Given:
TANK A
TA = 25 oC = 298 K
PA = 500 kPa
VA = 1 m3
TANK B
TB = 35 oC = 308 K
Tsurr = 20 oC = 293 K
mB = 5 kg
PB = 200 kPa

Sol'n:

*Assume, at given conditions air behaves as an ideal gas.

*For air, gas constant R = 0.287 kJ/kmol K

*From ideal gas equation, mass of air in tank A is determined by
mA = PAVA / RTA
= (500 kPa x 1m3) / (0.287 kj.kmol-K x 298 K)
mA= 5.846 kg

*Volume of the tank B can be determined from

VB = mBRTB/PB
= (5 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 308 K) / (200 kPa)
VB= 2.21 m3

*When the valve is opened

Total volume:
V = VA + VB = 1+ 2.21 = 3.21 m3
Total mass of air:
m = mA + mB = 5 + 5.846 = 10.846 kg
"Final equilibrium pressure (P) can be obtained from the ideal gas equation applied
to total volume"
*Therefore, P = mRTSum / V
P = (10.846 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 293 K) / 3.21 m3
P= 284.13 kPa.

4. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the

air in the tire. When the air temperature is at 25o C, the pressure gauge
reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.025 m3, determine the
pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to 50 O C.
Also determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure
to its original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure
to be 100 kPa.

Given:
T1= 25o C + 273= 298 K
V= 0.025 m3
T2= 50o C + 273= 323 K
Pgage1= 210 kPa
mabs= m1-m3
Pabs= ?
Sol'n:
a. Pabs1= Pgage1 + Patm1
= 210 kPa + 100 kPa
Pabs1= 310 kPa

m1=P1v / RT1
= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-k x 298 K)
m1= 0.09062 kg

b. P2 =mRT2 / V
= (0.09062 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 323 K) / (0.025 m3)
P2= 336.0 kPa

Pabs= Pabs2 – Pabs1

= 336 kPa – 310 kPa
Pabs= 26 kPa

c. Thus T3= 323 K, P3=P1= 310 kPa

m3= P3V / RT3
= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-k x 323 K)
m3= 0.08360 kg

mabs= m2 – m1
= 0.09062 kg – 0.08360 kg
mabs= 0.007018 kg