Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment & Control

(HIRAC)

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HIRAC, On-Going Process

It should be undertaken at various times,

including:
 If it has not been done before.

 When a hazard has been identified.

 When a change to the workplace occurs.

 After an incident, accident or workplace illness.

 At regularly scheduled times appropriate to the

workplace.
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 Hazard
Identification

Review Risk
HIRAC Assessment

Make the Risk

change Control

Job Safety
Analysis
(JSA)

Standard Operating Procedure

(SOP) 3
 Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment and Control
(HIRAC)

 Identify the hazards (e.g. a fall) and assess the

likelihood/frequency and severity/consequence
of each hazard (e.g. injury or death).

Severity
(an event)

Likelihood
(the number of times which consequence happens per unit of time)
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 Hazard Identification

 using expert opinion

 workplace inspections (Checklists- develop or
tailoring)
 review records of incidents in the workplace
(accident data)
 review any available information about the
hazard (e.g. a law, regulation, OSHA 1994, Industry Code of Practice
or guidance material about the hazard)

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 Risk Assessment

Risk = Likelihood X Severity

 Qualitative
Qualitative risk analysis uses qualitative scales to describe probabilities and
consequences of particular hazards

 Semi-quantitative
Semi-quantitative analyses are based on a mix of qualitative and quantitative
scales

 Quantitative
Quantitative risk analysis uses actual numerical values

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 Rating Of Likelihood Level
Of An Occurence

LIKELIHOOD EXAMPLE RATING

Almost Certain Expected to occur in most circumstances 5

(AC)
Likely (L) Likely to occur in most circumstances 4

Possible (P) Might occur at some time 3

Unlikely (U) Could occur in certain circumstances 2

Rare (R) May only occur in exceptional 1

circumstances

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 Rating Of Severity Of
An Impact
SEVERITY OF EXAMPLE RATING
AN IMPACT
Severe (S) Death occurs, toxic off-site release with 5
detrimental effect, huge financial loss
Major (M) Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, 4
off-site release with no detrimental effect, major
financial loss
Moderate (Mo) Medical alert and light injuries, on site 3
containment requires outside assistance, high
financial loss
Minor (Mi) Minor injuries, rapid containment on site, medium 2
financial loss
Insignificant (I) No injuries, minor abrasion, low financial cost 1
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 Quantitative Analysis

LIKE- SEVERITY
LIHOOD 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5

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 Quantitative Analysis
Risk Ranking Categories

RISK RATING DESCRIPTION HAZARDS MITIGATION ACTION

20 - 25 E Extreme Extreme risk, immediate action required.
Before the project commences or
immediately as they arise during project
execution
12 - 19 H High High risk, will jeopardise project if not
managed. Appropriate actions implemented
during project execution.
5 - 11 M Medium Medium risk, will impact time, cost or
quality if not managed.
1-4 L Low Low risk, acceptable project management
risk, monitor only. To be noted; no action is
needed unless grading increases over time.

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 Qualitative Analysis

SEVERITY

LIKELIHOOD Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Severe

(I) (Mi) (Mo) (M) (S)
Almost Medium Medium High Extreme Extreme
Certain (AC)
Likely (L) Low Medium High High Extreme
Possible (P) Low Medium Medium High High
Unlikely (U) Low Low Medium Medium Medium
Rare (R) Low Low Low Low Medium

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 Qualitative Analysis
Risk Matrix Develop Using Severity and
Likelihood Parameters

RATING DESCRIPTION HAZARDS MITIGATION ACTION

E Extreme Extreme risk, immediate action required.
Before the project commences or immediately as
they arise during project execution
H High High risk, will jeopardise project if not managed.
Appropriate actions implemented during project
execution.
M Medium Medium risk, will impact time, cost or quality if not
managed.
L Low Low risk, acceptable project management risk,
monitor only. To be noted; no action is needed
unless grading increases over time.
 Risk Control Hierarchy

 Elimination (remove it from the workplace)

 Substitution (substitute a substance, method or material)
 Engineering (modify existing machinery or plant)
 Administrative procedures
 Job Safety Analysis
 Written Safe Operating Procedures
 Job rotation to restrict hours worked on difficult jobs
 Staff trained in the correct operating procedures

 PPE (Personal protective clothing & equipment) 13

 Job Safety Analysis
(JSA)

 JSA breaks down each work activity into a

sequence of job steps.
 potential hazards associated with each step
are identified
 control measures are developed to eliminate,
or minimise, the risks

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Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP)
Standard operating procedures (SOP) are
intended to provide general guidance on
how to safely work SELECT JOB

Breaks down each work activity

Integrate to became
SOP IDENTIFY HAZARDS

Develop
solution

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 Conclusion

HIRAC will assist in:

 Finding hazards in workplaces.
 Assessing the risks that may result because of the
hazards.
 Deciding on control measures (e.g. JSA & SOP ) to
prevent or minimise the level of the risks.
 Fixing the problem using control measures.
 Monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the
measures.

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Thank you.
Question?
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Final Assignment (Group)
Report On Hazards (Risk Assessment Analysis)
Find 10 Hazards in any areas in Polytechnic (e.g
library, cafetaria, canteen, computer lab, classroom,
lecturer’s room, lecture hall, hostel, kitchen, etc.)
Prepare a proper analysis and recommend the
control measures
Contents: Introduction, Background of Analysis,
Potential Hazard, Hazard Identification Method, Risk
Assessment, Result and Discussion, Control
Measures Recommendation based on Risk Control
Hierarchy (refer to the example of report)
Report should be submitted by 9th March 2011 18