Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Pulse Time Modulation (PTM)

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) a series of pulses in which the amplitude of each pulse
represents the amplitude of the information signal at a given time. In modulated signal (PAM), the
width and position of pulses are constant while the amplitude of pulses varies proportionally with
the amplitude of analogical useful signal. Carrier signal is from a clock.
The modulator transforms the analogical useful signal into a succession of rectangles.
These rectangles are formed following the action of the sampler-blocker. Indeed, the taken
samples, with regular intervals of time, on the useful signal are maintained for certain duration.

Block Diagram:
Schematic Diagram:

SINE WAVE
 Pulse Time Modulation
Pulse Time Modulation (PTM) is a class of signaling technique that encodes the sample
values of an analog signal onto the time axis of a digital signal.

The two main types of pulse time modulation are:

1. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
2. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

In PWM the sample values of the analog waveform are used to determine the width of the
pulse signal. Either instantaneous or natural sampling can be used.
In PPM the analog sample values determine the position of a narrow pulse relative to the
clocking time. It is possible to obtain PPM from PWM by using a mono-stable multivibrator
circuit.

Block Diagram:
PWM

PPM
Schematic Diagram:
PWM

PPM
 Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse code modulation (PCM) a series of pulses in which the amplitude of the information
signal at a given time is coded as a binary number.

Block Diagram:
Schematic Diagram:
References:

• (n.d.).Pulse Time Modulation[PDF File].Retrieved from

http://faraday.ee.emu.edu.tr/eaince/ee360/lecture_notes/LECTURE_NOTES_12.pdf

• (n.d.).Circuit Design of Pulse Amplitude Modulation.Retrieved from

https://www.edgefx.in/pulse-amplitude-modulation-circuit-design/

• (n.d.).Pulse Code Modulation.Retrieved from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_communication/digital_communication_pulse
_code_modulation.htm

• (n.d.).PWM.Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-circuit-

diagram-of-the-PWM-wave-generator-and-signal-conditioning-
cirucits_fig2_261128619