ZAYN, Sia - Dusk Till Dawn ft. Sia.

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Th e History of Great Britain
Prehistoric England:
 First people: 450.000 BC
 Much warmer
 Animals: lions, rhinoceros, deer, horses, beer, wolves
 Humans: stone tools; lived in caves
 15.000 BC: still living in caves but had much sophisticated tools made from
bones and stone
 They made clothes from animal skin and ‘jewelry’ of animal teeth and shells
 Hunted animals like horse, deer
 Covered in tundra
 8.500 BC: Became much warmer
 Forest grew and spread to Europe
 England was cut off from Europe
 7.500 BC: Group of humans lived at Star Carr in Yorkshire
 They were hunter gatherers: deer, pigs, elk, wild cattle, birds, fish
 Domesticated dogs

Stone Age:
 4.500 BC: Was introduced farming
 Farmers used stone axes to clean the forests
 They grew crops of wheat (culturi de grau); raised herds of cattle (vite) , sheep,
pigs
 Still hunting
 Gathered fruits and nuts
 Start making wooden huts to live in
 Still wore animal skin as clothes
 They start making tombs (morminte) for them dead

Neolithic: New stone age

 Farmers made circular monuments called henge
 The most famous is Stonehenge: at the beginning was a simple ditch (sants) with
an internal bank of earth. Outside the entrance= heel stone. Was altered and
added to over 1000 year period
 After 2500: new culture spread, known as the Beaker people and called like that
because of the pottery beakers they made
 It is not certain if they were a new raise or just immigrated from Europe

Bronze Age England

 2000 BC: invention of bronze
 Appearance of metal artefacts, even if it’s believed that were imported and then
bronze objects started to be made
 1000-650 BC: They started to built forts on the hills because war was getting
common, because population was raising and fertile land was harder to obtain
 Cremation was practiced but burring people was still a thing, they even put tools’
perhaps they believed that those will help them in the after life
 They lived in round wooden huts

Celtic England:
 650 BC: was introduced iron by some people named Celts who started to create
swords
 They ore living in villages and were still doing farming
 They fought from horses or wooden chariots
 They used swords and spears (sageti)
 They lived in round houses’ they used low tables, doubled up beds
 Dived into tribes
 50 BC: start using gold coins
 Men: tunics and trousers
 Women: long dresses
 They whore gold around them neck
 They used plants to create dyes
 Board games for amusement
 Horse racings
 DRUIDS: priests who were also scholars, judges and advisors of the kings
 The Celts were polytheists
 They pray in natural places such as trees, springs, rivers and lakes
 They throw good in rivers and lakes
 The Romans claimed the Druids practiced human sacrifice but this claim is
doubtful
 Burried with goods= they believed in afterlife
 They brew beer
 55 BC:
 The written history of England really began in 55 BC when Julius
Caesar led an expedition there and came back in 54 BC, but he was
unsuccessful because he didn’t gained any territory
 Part of the justification is that people of this region have assisted the Gauls
against Rome due to them economic relationship
 43 AD: 140.000 Roman soldiers set sail from the province of the Gaul to
invade the Island. The biggest motivation of the Emperor is that he wanted
to improve his image
 Emperor Claudius was pretty insecure: he was seen weak and moronic by
his peers and by population so he taught that if he can do what Caesar
couldn’t he will be more respected by people
 The soldiers were frightened by the island because they believed that is
haunted by demons and etc.
 People from Britain believed that the army will dissolve before even
arriving at the gates, but that wasn’t the case
 They managed to persuade
 Claudius entered on an elephant, a beast that people from this region never
seen before
 Roman occupation sets in and Britannia, modern day England, becomes a
province
 Boudica-women from the ice sonny tribe, a wife of a very important tribe
figure who mentained an alliance with the Romance. After her husband dead
the Roman turned against them and raped her daughters. 60 AD- she
gathered people and revolted. The emperor of the time, Nero, considered of
drawing from Britain intirely but the woman was captured.
 122-126 Emperor Hadrian: built a great wall across the northern frontier of Roman
Britain to keep out the people the Romans called the Picts. Romans invaded Scotland later
 Around 410 : In time Roman become weaker and Honorius spare the
populations
 Romans left behind: orase, infrastructure, Christianity
 People didn’t know what to do; the wanted for Roman to come back so they
set up them own military and defense
 They are not very successful at defending themselves
 That why they hired mercenaries: a group of mercenaries that had already
been fighting on the side of the Romans =, from Northern Germany known
as the anglo-saxons.
 Three ships of them are sent over to deal with the Picts and they managed to
win.
 As a gift they give them some land in the modern-day Kent => more Saxons
coming over , plus women and children
 They discover that Saxons are pagans and after some time Saxons invade
them
 British are led by Arthur, considered to be one of the last Romans
 There will be a battle in 500- Battle of Mount Badon where he wins
 => Saxons are left with East of England, where they develop about 30
kingdoms
 West= people keep on living; them name was named after the Saxon word
for foreigner Wales
 During this conflict it’s began a new legend about King Arthur who was
responsible for winning the battle and for the period of peace
 BRITONS: celts
 Still there are evidences about Saxons and Britons living together
 Anglo-Saxons or Anglican
 500-880- RULED by many kingdoms: Mercia, Northumbria, Wessex,

 7 century: Anglo-Saxons began to convert to Christianity

 Meanwhile A-S where trying to evolve, another force was growing up in

modern-day Denmark, Sweden and Norway=? Vikings

 Viking Age began in an England island named Lindisfarne=> recorded in A-

S Chronicles

 60 year England was played by them

 865- an army of Vikings decide to get all the England Land