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Figura. 10.38
𝐸𝐴 𝑢2 𝑇 1 −1 𝑢2
𝑉2 (𝑡) = [𝑢 ] [ ][ ]
6𝑙 3 −1 1 𝑢3
𝐸𝐴 𝑢3 𝑇 1 −1 𝑢3
Para el elemento 3 queda: 𝑉3 (𝑡) = [𝑢 ] [ ][ ]
6𝑙 4 −1 1 𝑢4
La matriz de rigidez y la matriz de momento de 0 a 1:
15622𝑙⁄ 54−13𝑙⁄
3 3
2 2
𝜌𝐴𝑙 22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙 ⁄ 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 ⁄
𝑀= 3 9 3 9
1260 54 13𝑙⁄ 156 −22𝑙⁄
3 3
−13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙 2⁄
[ 3 9 3 9 ]
12 2𝑙 −12 2𝑙
2 2
27 𝐸𝐴 2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9
𝐾=
𝑙 3 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙
2 𝑙 2⁄ 4𝑙 2
⁄9 ]
[ 2𝑙 9 −2𝑙
Condiciones de frontera: 𝑣0 = 𝜃0 = 0
156 −22𝑙⁄
𝜌𝐴𝑙 3
𝑀= [ 2 ]
1260 −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙 ⁄
3 9
27 𝐸𝐴 12 −2𝑙
𝐾= [ 4𝑙 2⁄ ]
𝑙 3 −2𝑙 9
𝑣1̈ 𝑣1 0
M1 [ ̈ ] + K1 [𝜃 ] = [ ]
𝜃1 1 0
156 −22𝑙⁄
𝜌𝐴𝑙 3 𝒗𝟏̈ 27 𝐸𝐴 12 −2𝑙 𝒗𝟏 𝟎
[ 2 ][ ̈ ] + 3 [ 4𝑙 2⁄ ] [𝜽𝟏 ] = [𝟎]
1260 −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙 ⁄ 𝜽𝟏 𝑙 −2𝑙 9
3 9
La matriz de rigidez y momento de 1 a 2 es:
22𝑙⁄
156 54 −13𝑙⁄
3 3
2
𝜌𝐴𝑙 22𝑙⁄3 4𝑙 ⁄9 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄
𝑀= 3 9
1260 54 13𝑙⁄ 156 −22𝑙 ⁄3
3
−13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 2
4𝑙 ⁄
[ 3 9 3 9 ]
12 2𝑙 −12 2𝑙
2 2
27 𝐸𝐴 2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9
𝐾=
𝑙 3 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙
2 𝑙 2⁄ 4𝑙 2
⁄9 ]
[ 2𝑙 9 −2𝑙
𝑣1̈ 𝑣1 0
𝜃1̈ 𝜃1
M2 + K 2 [ 𝑣 ] = [ 0]
𝑣2̈ 2 0
̈
[𝜃2 ] 𝜃2 0
22𝑙⁄
156 54 −13𝑙⁄
3 3
2
𝜌𝐴𝑙 22𝑙⁄3 4𝑙 ⁄9 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄
𝑀= 3 9
1260 54 13𝑙⁄ 156 −22𝑙 ⁄3
3
−13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 2
4𝑙 ⁄
[ 3 9 3 9 ]
12 2𝑙 −12 2𝑙
2 2
27 𝐸𝐴 2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9
𝐾=
𝑙 3 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙
2 𝑙 2⁄ 2
−2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 ]
[ 2𝑙 9
𝑣2̈ 𝑣2 0
𝜃2 ̈ 𝜃2
La suma de éstas se da de la siguiente forma: M3 + K 3 [𝑣 ] = [0]
𝑣3̈ 3 0
[𝜃3̈ ] 𝜃3 0
EIGENVALORES
312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄
3 0 0
0 8𝑙 2⁄ 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ 0 0 𝑣1
9 3 9 𝜃1
𝜌𝐴𝑙 54 13𝑙⁄ 312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄ 𝑣2
3 3
𝑀= 8𝑙 2⁄ 𝜃2
1260 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ 0 9 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄
3 9 3 9 𝑣3
54 13𝑙⁄ 156 −22𝑙 ⁄3 [𝜃3 ]
0 0 3
0 0 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 2
4𝑙 ⁄
[ 3 9 3 9 ]
24 0 −12 2𝑙 0 0
8𝑙 2
2 𝑙 2 𝑣1
0 ⁄9 −2𝑙 ⁄9 0 0 𝜃1
27 𝐸𝐴 −12 −2𝑙 24 0 −12 2𝑙 𝑣2
𝐾= 2 𝑙 2⁄ 2
2 𝑙 2⁄ 𝜃2
𝑙3 2𝑙 9 0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 9
0 0 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙 𝑣3
0 0 2𝑙 2 𝑙 2⁄ −2𝑙 4𝑙 2⁄ [𝜃3 ]
[ 9 9]
𝑣
[𝐊 − 𝜔2 𝐌] [ ] = 0
𝜃
312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄
24 0 −12 2𝑙 3 0 0
2 2
0 0 0 8𝑙2⁄ 13𝑙 −3𝑙2⁄ 0 𝑣1 0
0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 0 0 9 ⁄3 9 𝜃1
27 𝐸𝐴 −12 −2𝑙 24 0 −12 2𝑙 𝜌𝐴𝑙 54 13𝑙 ⁄3 312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄ 𝑣2
3
2 𝑙2⁄ 2 2 − 𝜔2 2
𝜃2 = 0
𝑙3 2𝑙 9 0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 1260 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄ 0 8𝑙 ⁄
9 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄
3 9 3 9 𝑣3
0 0 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙 13𝑙⁄ −22𝑙⁄ [𝜃 ]
2 𝑙2⁄ 4𝑙2⁄ 0 0 54 3 156 3 3
[ 0 0 2𝑙 9 −2𝑙 9] 0 0 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙2⁄
[ [ 3 9 3 ]
9 ]
312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄
24 0 −12 2𝑙 3 0 0
2 2
0 0 0 8𝑙2⁄ 13𝑙 −3𝑙2⁄ 0 𝑣1
0
0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 0 0 9 ⁄3 9 𝜃1
−12 −2𝑙 24 0 −12 2𝑙 𝜌𝑙 4 54 13𝑙 ⁄3 312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄ 𝑣2
3
2 2 2 − 𝜔2 2
𝜃2 = 0
2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 34020𝐸 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄ 0 8𝑙 ⁄
9 13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄
3 9 3 9 𝑣3
0 0 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙 13𝑙⁄ −22𝑙⁄ [𝜃 ]
2 2 0 0 54 3 156 3
[ 0 0 2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 ] 3
0 0 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙2⁄
[ [ 3 9 3 ]
9 ]
312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄
24 0 −12 2𝑙 3 0 0
2 2
0 0 0 8𝑙2⁄ 13𝑙 −3𝑙2⁄ 0 0
0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 0 0 9 ⁄3 9
−12 −2𝑙 24 0 −12 2𝑙 54 13𝑙⁄ 312 0 54 −13𝑙⁄
3 3
2 2 2 −𝜆 8𝑙2⁄ =0
2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 0 8𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙2⁄ 0 9 13𝑙 2
⁄3 −3𝑙 ⁄9
3 9
0 0 −12 −2𝑙 12 −2𝑙 13𝑙⁄ −22𝑙⁄
2 2 0 0 54 3 156 3
[ 0 0 2𝑙 2 𝑙 ⁄9 −2𝑙 4𝑙 ⁄9 ] 2
0 0 −13𝑙⁄ −3𝑙 ⁄ −22𝑙⁄ 4𝑙2⁄
[ 3 9 3 9 ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
- 𝐴1𝐵2𝐶3𝐷4𝐸5𝐹6 = (24 − 312𝜆) (8𝑙 ⁄9 − 8𝑙 𝜆⁄9) (24 − 312𝜆) (8𝑙 ⁄9 − 8𝑙 𝜆⁄9) (12 − 156𝜆) (4𝑙 ⁄9 − 4𝑙 𝜆⁄9)
256
= (576)(1 − 13𝜆)3 ( 𝑙) (1 − 𝜆)3 (12)
729
65536 6
= 𝑙 (1 − 13𝜆)3 (1 − 𝜆)3
27
65536 6
= 𝑙 (2197𝜆6 − 7098𝜆5 + 8151𝜆4 − 3836𝜆3 + 627𝜆2 − 42𝜆 + 1)
27
2 2 2 2 2 2
- −𝐹4𝐸5𝐷6𝐶1𝐵2𝐴3 = − (2𝑙 ⁄9 + 3𝑙 𝜆⁄9) (12 − 156𝜆) (2𝑙 ⁄9 + 3𝑙 𝜆⁄9) (−12 − 54𝜆) (8𝑙 ⁄9 − 8𝑙 𝜆⁄9) (−12 − 54𝜆)
𝑙4 8
= − ( ) (2 + 3𝜆)2 (12)(1 − 13𝜆)(36)(−2 − 9𝜆)2 ( 𝑙 2 ) (1 − 𝜆)
9 9
128 6
=− 𝑙 (2 + 3𝜆)2 (−2 − 9𝜆)2 (1 − 13𝜆)(1 − 𝜆)
3
128 6
= 𝑙 (−9477𝜆6 − 6642𝜆5 + 7119𝜆4 + 7296𝜆3 + 1688𝜆2 + 32𝜆 − 16)
3
2
+ (−9477𝜆6 − 6642𝜆5 + 7119𝜆4 + 7296𝜆3 + 1688𝜆2 + 32𝜆 − 16)
3
3455881 6 24167 5 14027 4 1807 3 1 2
+ (− 𝜆 − 𝜆 + 𝜆 + 𝜆 + 𝜆 − 5𝜆 − 1)
46656 432 432 54 4
= 76931.2 𝜆 − 273682.1 𝜆 + 313912.7 𝜆 − 140588.2 𝜆3 + 24905.1 𝜆2 − 1576.6 𝜆 + 26.26
6 5 4
EIGENVECTORES
Para
24 − 312𝜆 0 −12 − 54𝜆 2 + 13𝜆⁄3 0 0
0 8⁄ − 8𝜆⁄ −2 − 13𝜆⁄3 2⁄ + 3𝜆⁄ 0 0 𝑣1
9 9 9 9 𝜃1
−12 − 54𝜆 −2 − 13𝜆⁄3 24 − 312𝜆 0 −12 − 54𝜆 2 + 13𝜆⁄3 𝑣2
2 + 13𝜆⁄3 2⁄ + 3𝜆⁄ 0 8⁄ − 8𝜆⁄ −2 − 13𝜆⁄3 2⁄ + 3𝜆⁄ 𝜃2 = 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 𝑣
3
0 0 −12 − 54𝜆 −2 − 13𝜆⁄3 12 − 156𝜆 −2 + 22𝜆⁄3 [𝜃3 ]
[ 0 0 2 + 13𝜆⁄3 2⁄ + 3𝜆⁄
9 9 −2 + 22𝜆⁄3 4⁄ − 4𝜆⁄
9 9]
𝜆1 = 0.02992
v1 = −31.37
θ1 = 47.68
v2 = −12.4
θ2 = 82.24
v3 = 52.30
θ3 = 19.72
𝜆2 = 0.07341
𝑣1 = 12.56
𝜃1 = 32.47
𝑣2 = −32.35
𝜃2 = 42.3
𝑣3 = 22.36
𝜃3 = −56.37
𝜆3 = 0.20923
𝑣1 = −8.72
𝜃1 = 29.36
𝑣2 = 42.4
𝜃2 = 82.44
𝑣3 = −52.33
𝜃3 = 35.35
𝜆4 = 0.44447
𝑣1 = −12.87
𝜃1 = 5.5
𝑣2 = 29.76
𝜃2 = 47.36
𝑣3 = −52.53
𝜃3 = 11.0
𝜆5 = 1.00006
𝑣1 = 23.48
𝜃1 = −79.6
𝑣2 = 6.24
𝜃2 = 29.25
𝑣3 = 4.48
𝜃3 = 34.48
𝜆6 = 1.03999
𝑣1 = 19.36
𝜃1 = 4.55
𝑣2 = −45.86
𝜃2 = 34.57
𝑣3 = 86.36
𝜃3 = −9.22
Problema 8.31 Considerar la viga escalonada de la figura 8.17 empotrada en
cada extremo. Ambas piezas están hechas de aluminio. Use 2 elementos, uno
para cada escalón, y calcular las frecuencias naturales.
12⁄ 6⁄ − 12⁄ 3 6⁄ 2
𝑙1 3 𝑙1 2 𝑙1 𝑙1
6⁄ 4⁄ 6
− ⁄ 2 2⁄𝑙
𝑙1 2 𝑙1 𝑙1 1
𝐾 = 𝐸𝐼
− 12⁄ 3 − 6⁄ 2 12⁄ − 6⁄
𝑙1 𝑙1 𝑙1 3 𝑙1 2
6⁄ 2⁄ − 6⁄ 2 4⁄
[ 𝑙1 2 𝑙1 𝑙1 𝑙1 ]
12⁄ − 6⁄ 2
𝑙1 3 𝑙1
𝐾 = 𝐸𝐼 [ ]
− 6⁄ 2 4⁄
𝑙1
𝑙1
𝑣1̈ 𝑣1 0
M1 [ ̈ ] + K1 [𝜃 ] = [ ]
𝜃1 1 0
12⁄ − 6⁄ 2
𝜌𝐴𝑙 156 𝐴1 𝑙1 −22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 𝑣1̈ 𝑙1 3 𝑙1 𝑣1 0
[ ] [ ] + 𝐸𝐼 [ ] [𝜃 ] = [ ]
420 −22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 4 𝐴1 𝑙1 3 𝜃1̈ − 6⁄ 2 4⁄ 1 0
𝑙1 𝑙1
𝜌 156 𝐴1 𝑙1 22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2
𝑀= [ ]
420 22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 4 𝐴1 𝑙1 3
12⁄ 6⁄
𝑙1 3 𝑙1 2
𝐾 = 𝐸𝐼 [ ]
6⁄ 4⁄
𝑙1 2 𝑙1
𝑣1̈ 𝑣1 0
M1 [ ̈ ] + K1 [𝜃 ] = [ ]
𝜃1 1 0
12⁄ 6⁄
𝜌𝐴𝑙 156 𝐴1 𝑙1 22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 𝑣1̈ 𝑙1 3 𝑙1 2 𝑣1 0
[ ] [ ] + 𝐸𝐼 [ ] [𝜃 ] = [ ]
420 22 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 4 𝐴1 𝑙1 3 𝜃1̈ 6⁄ 4⁄ 1 0
𝑙1 2 𝑙1
Matriz resultante:
𝑀𝑐1 + 𝑀𝑎2 𝑀𝑏2
𝑀=[ ]
𝑀𝑏2 𝑀𝑐2 + 𝑀𝑎3
𝑣1
[𝐾 − 𝜔2 𝑀] [𝜃 ] = [0]
1 0
11
6 (1⁄ 3 + 1⁄ 3 ) 3 (1⁄ 2 − 1⁄ 2 ) (𝐴 𝑙 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 ) 𝒗
𝑙1 𝑙2 𝑙2 𝑙1 𝝎𝟐 𝜌 39 (𝐴1 𝑙1 + 𝐴2 𝑙2 ) 22 2 2 𝟏 0
[ ]− [ ] [𝜽 ] = [ ]
1 1 2⁄ + 2⁄ 840 𝐸𝐼 11 𝟏 0
3 ( ⁄ 2 − ⁄ 2) 𝑙1 𝑙2 (𝐴 𝑙 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 ) 3
𝐴1 𝑙1 + 𝐴2 𝑙2 3
[ 𝑙2 𝑙1 22 2 2 ]
11
6 (1⁄ 3 + 1⁄ 3 ) 3 (1⁄ 2 − 1⁄ 2 ) 39 (𝐴1 𝑙1 + 𝐴2 𝑙2 ) (𝐴 𝑙 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 )
[
𝑙1 𝑙2 𝑙2 𝑙1
]−𝜆[ 22 2 2 ] =0
11
3 (1⁄ 2 − 1⁄ 2 ) 2⁄ + 2⁄
𝑙1 𝑙2 (𝐴 𝑙 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 ) 3
𝐴1 𝑙1 + 𝐴2 𝑙2 3
[ 𝑙2 𝑙1 22 2 2 ]
11
6 (1⁄ 3 + 1⁄ 3 ) − 39 𝜆 (𝐴1 𝑙1 + 𝐴2 𝑙2 ) 3 (1⁄ 2 − 1⁄ 2 ) − 𝜆 (𝐴2 𝑙2 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 )
𝑙1 𝑙2 𝑙2 𝑙1 22
=0
11
3 (1⁄ 2 − 1⁄ 2 ) − 𝜆 (𝐴2 𝑙2 2 − 𝐴1 𝑙1 2 ) 2⁄ + 2⁄ − 𝜆 (𝐴 𝑙 3 + 𝐴 𝑙 3 )
𝑙1 𝑙2 1 1 2 2
[ 𝑙2 𝑙1 22 ]
𝐴−𝐵𝜆 𝐶−𝐷𝜆
[ ]=0
𝐶−𝐷𝜆 𝐸−𝐹𝜆
Resolviendo la determinante:
(A − B λ)(E − F λ) − (C − D λ)2 = 0
AE − AFλ − BEλ + BFλ2 − (C2 − 2CDλ − D2 λ2 ) = 0
λ2 (BF − D2 ) + λ(2CD − AF − BE) + AE − C2 = 0
1⁄
52584 𝐸𝐼 2 2 52584(70000 × 106 )(241.374 × 10−9 )
𝜔1 = ( ) =√ = 573.639 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠
𝜌 2700
1⁄
252 EI 2 252(70000 × 106 )(241.374 × 10−9 )
ω2 = ( ) =√ = 7.942 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠
25 ρ 25(2700)