Para Summary For CAT Preparation

Practice Question on Para-
Summary for CAT Preparation

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Question 1 on Para-Summary
For hundreds of years, Man has looked up with awe and
wonder at the Moon. Moon seems to play a vital role in the
beliefs and rituals of many a culture. It is believed that
numerous natural phenomena like the tides of the ocean,
births and deaths, celestial events, women’s menstrual cycle,
and many more, are controlled by the movements of the
moon. The ups and downs, success and failure, good and bad
of everyday occurrences like going to work, harvesting,
behavior pattern of school children, faring in competitive
exams, prices of commodities in a market, ensuring a safe
journey when going for a pilgrimage, etc. are determined by
the position of the moon. Even it is thought that the moon
affects the stability of the mind of people.
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Options for Question 1
1. The moon controls humans indirectly and is seen not only
in beliefs and rituals but also in the outcomes of the
happenings taking place on a regular day for an ordinary
man.
2. Everything, including the color of the uniform worn by a
school student and the absence of a particular teacher in
coming to school, is decided by the waxing and waning
moon.
3. Not only the time of birth but also the health of the
newborn baby is decided by the position of the moon
concerning the earth.
4. Horoscopes that detail how a person will be from his/her
birth till death is based on the position of the moon.
Answer with Explanation for Question
1 on Para-Summary
• Answer: Option 1.
• Explanation: Statement 2 talks about the moon
deciding the color of the uniform. This conclusion is
farfetched and is not found in the passage. Sentence 3
can also be rejected because the passage does not
mention the influence of the moon on the birth of a
baby. Sentence 4 narrates horoscopes. We know that
one can read everything about a person from his
horoscope. This reading is not explicitly mentioned in
the text. Sentence 1 is the best summary of the given
four. It includes all the points found in the passage.
It was a wise decision to raise benchmark interest rates
by 25 basis points by the Reserve Bank of India’s
Monetary Policy Committee. Mounting uncertainties on
the inflation front has prompted this second successive
rate increase in as many months. The susceptibility to
geopolitical tensions and supply disruptions resulted in
the continuing crude oil price volatility and hence the
inflation outlook. In addition to the crude oil malaise,
problems like volatile global financial markets, economic
downtrend at the Central and State levels, the likely
burden due to the increase in the minimum support price
for kharif crops and a dozen other afflictions plague the
bank.
1. Supply disruption that resulted in the volatility of the crude oil price was
mainly due to the Iran-America war and the result of sanctions imposed
By America and The EU on nations like Russia and Korea who traded with
Iran.
2. Mounting unpredictability on the inflation front was the reason for the
decision to raise benchmark interest rates by 25 points by the Reserve
Bank
3. Volatile global financial markets, the economic downtrend in the
country, more expenditure on Kharif crops, crude oil volatility, and a host
of other problems prompted the decision to raise the benchmark
interest rate.
4. Volatile global financial markets, the economic downtrend in the
country, the burden of loan waivers and subsidies given by the state and
the central governments, crude oil volatility, and a host of other
problems prompted the decision to raise the benchmark interest rate.
2 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statement 1 talks about the Iran-
America war, and it could be right, yet it does not
find a mention in the passage. Sentence 2 is a
fact, but only a part of the text is reflected by it. It
cannot be the summary. Sentence 4 in passing
mentions about the burden of loan waiver and
subsidies. They could be right; still, they do not
originate in the passage. Sentence 3 is the best
summary of the given four statements.
From September 1, the Union Ministry has banned the
retail sale and manufacture of Oxytocin, and this is a
regressive move. Oxytocin has been used by the dairy
industry indiscriminately because it stimulates lactation in
cattle and the process increase milk production. The ban
is purportedly to stop this destructive practice by the milk
producers. But this drug has been saving many lives of
women by inducing labor in pregnant women and
stemming the postpartum bleeding. For postpartum
hemorrhage, this drug has been recommended by the
World Health Organisation, and they accept the critical
role of the chemical in maternal health.
1. Oxytocin stimulates lactation in females, and the process increases the quantum
of milk available for children, and since there was this indiscriminate
dispensation of the drug by hospitals and pharmacies, the Union Ministry has
thought it fit to ban the drug.
2. Just because the milk producers use Oxytocin indiscriminately to stimulate
lactation in cattle, the move by the Union Ministry to ban the drug, which is
recommended for postpartum hemorrhage by the WHO, and which has saved
many women by inducing labor and stemming the postpartum bleeding, is a
regressive one.
3. The drug Oxytocin has been recommended by the World Health Organization for
stimulating lactation in cattle and increasing milk production, and its ban could
mean India will lose its first position as the major exporter of milk and milk
products.
4. From September 1, the Union Ministry has banned the retail sale and
manufacture of Oxytocin but it will be available in the wholesale market or can
be imported from Singapore and Sri Lanka through online sites.
3 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: The facts have become mixed in the
first statement. It states that Oxytocin stimulates
lactation in human mothers. In the passage, it is
given that the drug does this for cows. In the
same vein sentence, three also mentions that
WHO has recommended the chemical for cattle.
No mention of the availability of the drug in the
wholesale market is narrated, and hence
sentence 4 is not correct. Sentence 2 brings out
the essence of the passage
When both houses of Parliament adopted the amendments to
the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 it evoked the mixed
reaction. During UPA’s second term in office, efforts were
made to make changes in this law and mostly focused on the
misuse of one provision— Section 13 (1)d. Even when many
honest officials gained nothing and merely exercised their
power or discretion favoring someone, they were prosecuted.
Governance was hit, and bold decision-making was never
attempted. The amended form is sure to have a
condescending effect on honest officials. Besides, it is pithier
and restricts criminal misconduct to two offenses:
misappropriating or converting to one’s use property
entrusted to a public servant or is in his control and amassing
unexplained wealth.
1. The amendment to the Prevention of Corruption Act,1988 was
necessitated since it was very pithy and restricted criminal misconduct of
two offenses and it was expanded to include honest officials exercising
their power or discretion favoring someone
2. When many honest officials exercised their power or discretion
endorsing someone, they were elevated to the next position in the
hierarchical ladder and Governance got a big boost, and many excellent
decisions were executed by the empowered officials and the present
amendment will protect them from any court cases.
3. The government wanted to terrorize honest officials by bringing them
under Section 13(1)d and prosecute them, and the present amendment
enlarges the scope of the act and will bring indiscipline among the
officials who fail to toe the unlawful path trod by ministers and MLA’s.
4. Because of Section 13(1) d, governance ceased to exist, and honest
officials became cautious an amendment became necessary by which
the act became short, honest officials fears were addressed by
restricting misconduct to two offenses only.
4 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: 1 is not the summary because it
talks about the amendment expanding on the
original act. Not true! In statement 2 it is wrongly
said that honest officials were elevated to the
next position. Sentence 3 says the government
wanted to terrorize frank officials, which is not
the case, as given in the passage. Sentence 2 is a
condensed version of the passage.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council, at its 28th meeting,
reduced the tax rates on more than 50 items, including
commonly used products like sanitary pads, and white goods
like washing machines, refrigerators, and kitchen appliances.
Sanitary pads have been exempt from the GST — it had a 12%
tax rate earlier. White goods have seen their tax rates reduced
to 18% from the earlier 28%. Also of interest to the common
man, the Council decided to tax footwear of value up to
₹1,000 at 5%, where earlier this slab was reserved for
footwear up to a cost of ₹500. The Council also decided to
provide relief to the hotel industry by saying that the rate of
tax on the accommodation service would be calculated by the
transaction value and not the declared tariff.
1. The Goods and Service Tax Council at its 28th meeting not only
reduced the tax rates on more than 50 items but also increased
the tax on footwear and hotel accommodation service.
2. The GST council made the common man smile by reducing tax
rates on sanitary pads, white goods, cigarettes and exempted
alcohol from tax and fixed the price on the transaction value for
the hotel industry and not the publicized tariff.
3. The GST council made the common man smile by reducing tax
rates on sanitary pads, white goods, and exempted cheaper
footwear from tax and fixed the price on the transaction value for
the hotel industry and not the publicized tariff.
4. The GST council made everyone smile by reducing tax rates on
imported gold, bathroom fittings, white goods, and exempted
cheaper footwear from tax and fixed the price on the transaction
value for the hotel industry and not the publicized tariff.
5 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Sentence 1 mentions the increased
tax on footwear and hotel accommodation. The
passage contends that the rates have not
improved. Statement 2 says the tax on cigarettes
has come down. It is erroneous. Sentence 4
speaks about imported gold, bathroom fittings,
etc. But again, no mention about these in the
passage. Statement 3 reflects on all essential
points found in the passage.
After the 25 basis point increase in repo rate by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI), former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram
said the increase proves that the RBI doesn’t “believe” in the
government’s projection on inflation and fiscal deficit. The
rate at which the central bank lends to the commercial bank is
dubbed ‘Repo rate’, and it usually is increased to control
inflation. Mr. Chidambaram mentions in his tweets that he
knew of the move before itself. In an election year, the good
intention of RBI to contain inflation and to discourage the
government from exceeding the target set for borrowing
money is visible, said the ex-minister. Randeep Surjewala
belonged to the Congress party also attacked the Modi
government over “mismanagement” of the economy.
1. The Reserve Bank of India has increased the repo rate by 25 basis
point which is in tune with the government’s projection on
inflation and fiscal deficit, and according to Chidambaram, it is to
discourage the government from overspending.
2. Chidambaram knew of the move to increase the repo rate
because the governor of Reserve Bank has asked his advice on the
proposed increase.
3. Randeep Surjewala claimed that the increase in repo rate by the
Reserve Bank of India was done to mismanage the economy and
to spur the demand push inflation.
4. The increase in repo rate by RBI was to control inflation and
discourage the government from exceeding the target set for
borrowing money and manage fiscal deficit.
6 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Two is factually correct but only
summarizes a part of the passage. It is not the
summary. In the same way, the sentence 3
reflects only a part of the passage. Sentence 4 is a
gist of the passage, but it fails to say anything
about Chidambaram whose name appears twice
in the passage. Statement 1 could be taken as the
summary of the passage.
When users reach the time limit they set for
themselves to spend on Facebook, the site will alert
the customer. The social media czars of Facebook
and Instagram wanted its customers to take control
of them and not spend too much time viewing and
responding to notifications. The self-control will be
initiated by limiting the notifications one receive,
and a dashboard that allows customers to keep
track of the time they have spent on the social
media platforms. The most important tool would be
to enable an option to deactivate notifications on
smartphones.
1. Alarmed by the time they were spending on Facebook and Instagram the
owners of this site have decided to limit the notification they receive and
to act when the dashboard warns of the total time they were into it.
2. Alarmed by the time youngsters spend on Facebook and Instagram, the
parents of the kids have limited the number of notifications their kids
receive in a second.
3. Alarmed by the time parents spend on Facebook and Instagram, their
children have started limiting the number of notifications their parents
receive and are keeping a tab on the time their parents spend on the
social media site.
4. Alarmed by the time addicted people spend on Facebook and Instagram,
the company has allowed an option to deactivate notifications on
smartphones and to restrict the number of announcements and to keep
a tab on time spent on the social media site.
7 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statement 1 talks about the owners
of the site spending too much time which is not
true. Sentence 2 talks about kids spending more
time and parents were concerned, which does
not find a mention in the given passage. Again
Statement 3 mentions the concern of the children
which is not the case. Statement 4 is the real
summary of the passage.
In Kancheepuram, the district collector has warned that if
anyone throws non-degradable one-time use-and-throw
plastic products into the dustbin (or on the streets) will
attract stiff penalties from August 16. Through several
awareness-building programs, his administration will
persuade ordinary citizens and the business communities
to use bio-degradable products instead of use-and-throw
items. In three bus termini in the city, a blanket ban has
been imposed by the Salem Corporation from August 1. It
has also given strict instructions to Central and State
government officials, government hospitals, urban
primary health centers, schools and colleges in city limits
not to use plastic bags or articles from July 1.
1. From August 16 one can expect that the Kancheepuram district
will be free from non-degradable one-time use-and-throw plastic
products
2. Whereas Kancheepuram district collector has banned non-
degradable plastics from August 16, the Salem administration has
imposed the ban on three crowded bus termini from August 1 and
advised everyone not to use plastic.
3. The Salem Corporation had taken the help of school and college
students in conducting awareness programs in the district for the
eradication of plastics thoroughly.
4. Kancheepuram Corporation which is a part of Salem Corporation
has warned people that if they throw pollution causing products
onto the street, it will attract stiff penalties.
8 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: The statement in Sentence 1 is optimistic
about the district becoming free from plastics. This
contention is in the passage, but it reflects only a part
of the whole. Nowhere in the passage, it is mentioned
that the Salem administration has taken the help of
school children which is not found in the passage.
Hence Summary 3 is also wrong. Sentence 4 sends an
erroneous message that Kancheepuram Corporation is
a part of Salem Corporation. It is not mentioned in the
passage. Statement 2 tries to include all the main
points mentioned in the passage.
R. Sadheesh Mumbai Corporation Commissioner says that
the civic body has successfully used bags made of tapioca
starch that disintegrate on their own in 90 days. The
problem of disposing plastics is a perennial problem and
four cement plants in the state are using every day over
600 tonnes of non-recyclable plastic. Several cement
companies have collaborated with nearby municipal
bodies for collecting plastic waste and using it in the kiln
thereby reducing the use of coal. In furnaces, high
temperatures are involved, and no toxins are released. In
the last four months, the factories have substituted over
10,000 tonnes of plastic for coal.
1. Some municipalities, for whom disposing plastics is a perennial
issue, have not only tied up with cement companies to substitute
nonrecyclable plastic for coal but also trying with self-
disintegrating bags made with tapioca starch to replace
convention plastic bags.
2. The advantage of replacing conventional plastic bags with bags
made of tapioca starch is that these bags are edible and hence will
not cause any pollution.
3. Cement companies have started mixing cement with
nonrecyclable plastic and have found that the cement, in fact,
becomes more robust and over 10000 tonnes of plastic have been
combined in the last four months.
4. Four cement plants in the state of Maharashtra have been using
over 600 tonnes of non-recyclable plastic every day which is mixed
with fly ash and converted into organic fertilizers.
9 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Points that are important in the passage:
disposal of plastic waste; cement companies substituting
non-recyclable plastic for coal and some collaborating with
municipal bodies and the use of degradable tapioca starch
bags. Sentence 1 has all the above points.
Sentence 2 is a restricted summary, and it talks only about tapioca

starch bags, which by the by, is not edible. Sentence 3 says the
cement becomes stronger on mixing with non-recyclable plastic,
which is not mentioned in the passage. Sentence 4 talks about
plastic being mixed with fly ash. Again no mention about this in the
passage.
Report by the House of Commons’ digital, culture,
media and sports committee on disinformation and
‘fake news’ has the potential to reshape the
political landscape. It all began in 2017 as an
innocuous tussle over the future of democracy
through some of the issues surrounding fake news,
the future of journalism and advertising in a digital
age, and has evolved into a ferocious battle for
power with the leaders in digital technology and
partisan campaigners. How the government acts on
the report will be a solid statement defining its
moral seriousness and credibility to govern.
1. The report by the House of Commons’ digital, culture, media, and sports
committee on disinformation and ‘fake news’ shows clearly the upper
hand leaders in digital technology have over the government when it
comes to fake news, the future of journalism and digital advertising.
2. The excellent report by the House of Commons’ digital, culture, media
and sports committee on disinformation and ‘fake news’ will rewrite the
history of democracy and if acted upon, will prove the government’s
seriousness in dealing sternly with the leaders of digital technology.
3. The government has wasted the taxpayer’s money in preparing a
voluminous report by the House of Commons committee on fake news,
the death of journalism and digital advertising, full of contradictions and
confusions and should be junked.
4. The report by the House of Commons’ digital, culture, media and sports
committee on disinformation and ‘fake news’ shows is an exercise in
futility, and its recommendations should be straightaway dismissed by
the severe and credible government.
10 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Sentence 1 says clearly that leaders
in digital technology have the upper hand, but
the passage talks about a raging battle for
power. Sentence 3 wants us to junk the
committees report while the passage praises the
committee that has the potential to reshape the
political landscape. The sentence four also talks in
the same vein and is wrong. Sentence 2 is the
accurate summary of the passage.
The cricket star turned populist politician Imran Khan is
poised to fulfill his long-pursued ambition to lead the
country after having won the election in Pakistan.
Projections gave his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party a
thumping lead, but his opponents contend that “what has
happened during elections is ‘not cricket.'” There was the
inordinate delay in the announcing of results and also
were reports of ballot-stuffing, and it could be termed as
the dirtiest election in recent history. In spite of deadly
campaign violence including a suicide bombing on
election day, tens of millions of Pakistanis went to the
polls.
1. After a tumultuous, unfair and bloody election, the cricketer
turned politician Imran Khan will become the leader of his country
after his party got a thumping lead.
2. The cricket star turned populist politician Imran Khan is ready to
sit on ‘Prime Minister’s chair after winning a fair and peaceful
election in Pakistan
3. For the Populist leader and cricketer Imran Khan, it was a dream
come true, and he will become the first President of his country to
rule without the support of the military junta.
4. Because violence marred the election process, which was
heightened by the case of a suicide bombing on election day tens
of millions of Pakistanis stayed at home and boycotted the
election.
11 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Sentence 2 talks about a fair and peaceful
election, whereas the passage says something to the
contrary. Sentence 3 erroneously says he will be the
first president and that he will rule without the support
of the military junta. Sentence 4 mentions people
stating at home because of violence. But the reality is,
tens of millions of Pakistanis were in the polling
station. Hence Sentence 1 is the answer, and it contains
all the meaty information the passage has.
Even though New York is a prosperous city yet it has
one of the world’s most impaired and inefficient
transportation systems. After its Governor Andrew
Cuomo assured to fix that mess a year ago, the road
has become more reckless. City Department of
Transportation contends that the Average traffic
speeds in the city have fallen nearly 22 percent in
the past seven years, thanks to the potholes. To
travel a 60-kilometer stretch one needs to travel a
minimum of three to four hours during nonpeak
hours and for 5 hours during peak time.
1. Even though Governor Andrew Cuomo assured to fix the traffic
mess a year ago, but the problem is he does not have the means
to carry out the repairs.
2. During peak hours the average speed of vehicular traffic is 12
kmph, and in other times the speed would be around 15 to 20
kmph.
3. Like Mumbai, New York is also facing identical transportation
problem, and the villain is not only the seasonal rains but also the
corrupt representatives of the people
4. In spite of being prosperous, the street of New York is full of
potholes that have reduced the average traffic speed by nearly 22
percent and the governor has failed miserably to fulfill his
promise.
12 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: One says the governor does not
have the means, but the reality is, the city is
prosperous! Statement 2 is correct, but it forms
only a part of the passage, and hence it cannot
give the summary sentence three compares New
York with Mumbai, but no such comparison can
be inferred from the original text. Sentence 4
tries to bring out the essence of the original
paragraph.
President Trump wants to create a sixth branch of
the military called the Space Force. Everybody
knows that Trump loves Star Wars and other movies
of the same genre’ and maybe he firmly believes in
the existence of aliens who should be stopped from
invading our planet by all means. An individual can
have any thought process. But as the President of
the USA, to carry such a notion and believe in it is
nothing but a clear sign of delusion. Maybe Trump
thinks that his aliens are the Russians and the
Koreans who would dominate space soon and
terrorize American people
1. Russians and the Koreans have been sending drones and
shortly are planning to set up colonies in Space and will
have armies to protect them from American spaceships
2. Russians and Koreans cannot be fought on land or sea,
and the best way to counter them is to attack them in
space
3. Nobody knows why Trump wants to create Space Force
and the motive could be his fascination for Star War type
movies and the deluded thinking that aliens exist.
4. The way movies like Star Wars and the films of the same
genre’ are made one is forced to believe in the reality of
aliens who want to conquer the earthlings, and this belief
remains on a delusional level in many people
13 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: In the passage, it is not given that
the Korean/Russians are planning to set up
colonies in space and hence Sentence 1 cannot
be its summary. Sentence 2 talks about
countering the two countries but is outside the
scope of the paragraph in question. Sentence 4
talks about delusion and films and this sentence
also does not reflect the original text. Sentence 3
is the best-condensed version among the four
statements.
The list of Indian citizens in Assam is the National
Register of Citizens, and its final draft was released
on Monday. After a Supreme Court order, the
selection was updated to weed out illegal
immigration from neighboring regions. The reason
for the student’s agitation in the state during the
80’s was the firm belief among indigenous
Assamese in the state that illegal immigrants have
changed the demographic nature of the state,
altering its politics. In the 2016 state elections, BJP
had promised to deport outsiders who were mainly
Muslims.
1. The indigenous Assamese fumed when many from neighboring
regions entered Assam, disturbing the demography of the state
and the BJP in 2016 promised to weed the illegal majority Muslim
immigrants, and the NRC draft is the culmination of the assurance
given.
2. In the 80’s the student’s agitation in Assam crippled the state for
days and they had demanded the eviction of Bangladeshis and
other nationals from the state
3. In the 2016 state elections, Bharatiya Janta Party had pledged to
the people of Assam that they would weed out the obnoxious
aliens from the soil of Assam and preserve the dignity of the local
people.
4. National Register of Citizens contains the list of Indian citizens in
Assam, and the refugees from neighboring regions were depriving
the locals of jobs, money, and land.
14 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statement 2 is true, but it does not
fully mirror the given text being just a part of it.
Also, nothing wrong can be found in sentence 3,
yet it is not reflecting the gist of the passage
Sentence 4 talks about depriving the local of jobs
money, etc. and they do not find a place in the
original paragraph. 1 is the essence of the given
article, and it is the answer.
The Rajapalayam dog closely looks like a miniature Great
Dane and has a massive and muscular build that
permeates immense strength, tucked up waist, pure solid
white cover, golden eyes and a pink nose… A Rajapalayam
Dog is a ferocious hunter of wild pigs. The breed’s
heightened scenting faculty prompted Indian aristocracy
to use it for their hunting adventures. A Rajapalayam
though has one defect which is its losing interest in
whatever it pursues after a specific time. It has a
wavering mind, and as it is chasing a boar if it sees a
rabbit, it would leave the boar and go for the rabbit. It
has a very calm temperament and hence is the ideal
choice to be a home companion.
1. The Rajapalayam miniature Great Dane with its solid
white fur is coveted by aristocrat hunters for its single
pointed pursuing ability and calm temperament.
2. The Rajapalayam dog had strong muscles and tucked up
waist, can leap over a fence 20 feet in height and has
pride of place among pets, in any aristocratic household
3. A Rajapalayam dog has the defect of losing interest in
what it pursues yet when it is with its master; it will
unwaveringly chase a boar till it is caught.
4. The muscular build, golden-eyed ferocious Rajapalayam
dog with its sharp scenting faculty is widely used by
hunters for their expeditions, in spite of its single flaw of
getting distracted easily.
15 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statement 1 talks about single
pointed ability but the Rajapalayam dog does not
possess this quality. In the second sentence it is
said that the dog can leap over a 20 feet fence. It
could be true, but it is not reflected In the main
text. Sentence 3 accepts the dog’s limitation yet
says it can unwaveringly chase a boar till caught
which is fallacious. Statement 4 mirrors the main
passage.
In a surgical strike, a sudden and precise attack is
carried out, and the aim is to cause minimum
collateral damage to the structures in the vicinity
and the civilians. Generally to prevent escalation to
a bloody war, through surgical strikes neutralization
of targets is accomplished. In carpet bombing, the
collateral damage is extensive, government
buildings and military targets are focused whereas
in surgical strike precision bombing carried out by
aircraft, the impact is on a smaller area with no
civilian casualty.
1. Though the Surgical strike aims to contain, and not escalate to, a
possible gruesome war there are many instances in the past
where Surgical strikes have achieved just the opposite.
2. To camouflage and to protect the misadventures of the military
that ends up in the fiasco, the word Surgical-strike was coined by
the politicians.
3. The unexpected and focused attack on the enemy with the idea of
causing minimum collateral damage and maximum civilian
casualty is often dubbed as ‘Surgical strike’.
4. An attack by the Army or Air-force that neutralizes targets but has
minimum collateral damage aimed at de-escalation of war is
christened Surgical strike.
16 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: The fourth statement correctly
summarizes the passage by restating its main claim
(least collateral damage) and adding a couple of more
details taken from the passage itself. Sentence 1 talks
about Surgical strike are achieving opposite results, but
its source is not in the given para. The claim made by
the second option cannot be found in the given text
and hence has to be ruled out. In the third statement,
mutually exclusive terms ‘minimum collateral damage’
and ‘maximum civilian casualty’ are used. It has to be
also junked.
Chanakya, who was an Indian teacher, advisor of
emperors and philosopher, had uncanny wisdom
and a plotting mind that guided him to write the
ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra.
He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the
Maurya dynasty. There is meager historical
information about him and what we have is semi-
legendary stories about him. We have a Buddhist, a
Jain, a Kashmiri and a Vishakhadatta’s versions that
seem to contradict and confuse a series reader of
history.
1. From the inputs projected in the different versions that detail about
Chanakya, a brilliant scholar, and statesman, the author of Arthashastra
and the creator of the Mauryan empire, we conclude that he was a real
person, who was born on January 8th in 371 BC and died on
30th December, in 283 BC.
2. The different details versions like the Buddhist, Jain, etc., help us to build
a clear portrait of Chanakya, the all-around personality, who was
instrumental in the setting up of the mighty Maurya kingdom.
3. Though there are many and vivid details available to us about the multi-
dimensioned Chanakya who was instrumental in establishing the Maurya
juggernaut, neither the Buddhist and other versions nor the historical
records prove that he was not a mythical figure.
4. The great Indian teacher, an advisor of emperors and philosopher,
Chanakya, had superlative wisdom and a vicious mind that played a
crucial role in the establishment of the Maurya dynasty.
17 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Whereas the passage talks about
little historical evidence and semi-legendary
stories, Statements 1 and two contend that he
was a real person, which is doubtful. Sentence
4 has extracted a part of the text but has left a
significant portion and hence it cannot be the
summary. When the three are deleted, we get
three as the best answer.
“Man cannot survive except through his non-logical mind.
Man sans claws has no fangs; horns do not adore his
head, has no great strength of muscle. He has an intuitive
brain. He had initially to hunt for food and this he needed
weapons which he developed through his insights. Then
he planted food, and again his gut level feeling guided
him in the process. From the crude religious ritual to the
highest religious philosophy, from the simple hut to the
tallest skyscraper, from the elementary wheel to the
Large Hadron Collider, everything that a man is and a man
has come from a single attribute of him – his hunch.
1. For a man who has no claws, fangs, horns or muscles only his
intuitive brain guided him to make weapons, plant a seed, make a
collider, follow the philosophy and carry out from the simplest to
the most elaborate task.
2. Homo sapiens without any extraordinary body part, have been
able to travel from the abode of a cave to the cozy space capsule,
from the wheel to the skyscraper only because of his logical mind.
3. The ordinary man has traveled very far utilizing nothing but his
analytical brain to create his world of awe-inspiring machines and
jaw-dropping skyscrapers.
4. The physical brain of man is so beautiful; it has created for him a
beautiful world that seems to have no semblance to the
environment or even the apes or the whales.
18 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: The second, third and the fourth sentence
are correct in most of its contents when it says a man
has traveled from a cave to the space capsule, creating
a world of awe-inspiring machines or just a beautiful
place having no resemblance to the innate nature but
all the three have missed the core point. The second
attributes his greatness to his logical mind, the third to
the analytical brain and the fourth to the physical
brain. But the passage talks about a hunch, gut-level
feeling, and intuition. Only the first sentence
reproduces the gist of the paragraph given.
A man was shot dead on Sunday when his car
plowed into the abode of the National Conference
president Farooq Abdullah and hit the former Chief
Minister’s cat. Before dying the man, who is yet to
be identified, said he was irked by the statement
made by the Conference President recently. Farooq
Abdullah had said in a press conference that he and
his son had contributed the most for the
development of Kashmir and its people and if not
for them, the state would have been backward and
undeveloped.
1. National Conference President Farooq Abdullah’s cat was
hit by a lunatic who rammed his car into the residence of
the former Chief Minister, and the guards shot him.
2. Farooq Abdullah and his son have contributed plenty, not
only for the sane existence of J and K state but also for its
massive growth and development.
3. An unidentified person irritated by the insane remarks of
the former Chief Minister of J and K dashed his car into
the home of the NC president Abdullah and was shot dead
4. National Conference President Farooq Abdullah’s
statement that he and his son had contributed the most
irked a person so much that he barged into Abdullah’s
residence, hitting a cat before he was shot dead.
19 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Even though one can construe that if
somebody tries to barge into the residence of an ex-Chief
Minister he must be a lunatic, yet, when the original text
says nothing about the mental stability of the intruder, this
‘lunatic’ thing cannot find a place in the summary.1 is out.
In sentence 2, mention is made of ‘sanity’ in J and K and its
massive growth and development. It is a debatable point.
Anyhow, the given paragraph does not contain any of the
‘referred’ points, and hence two is also junked. The third
sentence talks about the insane remark of the former C.M.
It is again a moot question. But the given passage has not
used the word ‘insane,’ and hence three is also dumped
into the dustbin. Sentence 4 is a pithy summary.
Air India’s Amsterdam-Delhi flight of Wednesday
(August 1) night had to return to Amsterdam soon
after takeoff as an irate passenger barged into the
cockpit. Of course, the passenger was arrested by
the airport police. On questioning, the angry
passenger said that as soon as he took his seat and
removed his shoes, he saw a small rodent enter one
of them. He succeeded in catching the rodent by its
tail, but the rodent held on to his fingers and would
not let go. Since the stewards could not help him,
he decided to get the assistance of the Captain who
was in the cockpit, to get rid of the creature.
1. A rodent can hold on to the fingers so tightly that it is almost
impossible to part the creature and the finger, but any cockpit can
give safe refuge to the mammal.
2. Rodents are easily attracted to strong odor and the smell
emanating from the shoes of the passenger would have enticed
the animal.
3. An angry passenger was arrested by the airport police and
interrogated for just a few minutes after he barged into the
cockpit of the Air India flight.
4. A rodent was holding on to the fingers of a passenger aboard an
Air India flight after he had caught it while hiding in one of his
shoes, and since the stewards could not help him, he entered the
cockpit for which he was arrested by the police.
20 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statement 1 talks about the
tenacious grip of a rodent, but unfortunately this
piece of news does not find a place in the given
passage. Sentence 2 tells us the reason for the
mammal to enter one of the shoes of the
passenger, but, it is not relevant to the text. The
next is a very loose extract, but it does not
include the many details that a summary should
contain. Statement 4 is the summary.
With the insatiable demand for low fares, the
mounting monthly payment to be made as salaries
and allowances, the high fuel prices, the rising cost
of maintenance of aircrafts, the exorbitant fee that
is to be paid for using airports and its services, strict
and sometimes suffocating government regulations,
the ubiquitous social media which is willing to
dance to every tune of quirky passengers, and
hundred other problems Jet Airways is likely to
buckle under pressure and completely stop its
services in another 60 days.
1. The war in Iran has resulted in the skyrocketing escalation of the cost of
aircraft fuel, and since this is not offset by the income generated through
the sale of seats in its aircraft, Jet Airways is closing down in 60 days.
2. Amidst hundreds of problems like high fuel prices, the mounting cost of
salaries and allowances, the ludicrous demand for low fares, the high
cost of aircraft maintenance, etc. it is difficult for any airline to survive
and hence Jet Airways is closing down.
3. Foolish and showy passengers who are willing to pay Rs. 250 for a cup of
coffee or a packet of popcorn find it hard to pay four times this amount
for a flight ticket resulting in either the aircraft not getting enough
passengers or plane being full of travelers but not enough money in the
kitty.
4. In another 60 days, Jet Airways will find it impossible to pay the salaries
of its pilots, stewards, aircraft mechanics, office staffs and other contract
employees.
21 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Jet Airways is facing a financial
crunch which could be mainly attributed to high
fuel prices. But in the passage given above, the
reason for this is not gone. Sentence 1 tries to do
this which is irrelevant. It is true that passengers
are willing to spend a lot on food but again, this
input does not arise from the given text.
Sentence 4 also goes into irrelevant details and
hence Sentence 2 is the best answer.
UN wants Trump to believe that North Korea,
not only has not stopped its nuclear and missile
programs but also planning to accelerate them
to a feverish pitch. When the officials of the
United Nations heard that Trump was getting
sound sleep after returning from Korea, they
were worried that he would become sane and
wise which would, in the long haul, help him get
another five years of presidency.
1. If Trump is sane and sweet, he would be back again as the
President, which possibility has made the Men in UN are so
concerned that they want Trump to live his fears.
2. The people in the United Nations want Trump to be insane and do
stupid things so that the people of United States would throw him
out in the next presidential election.
3. If Trump believes that North Korea is again playing the role of a
spoiled brat, he will get restless and do things that will ensure that
he will come back again as the President of the USA.
4. North Korea after shaking hands with Trump has decided to stop
all its nuclear and missile programs and show Trump that it is his
real friend.
22 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Whatever is said in 2, is neither
mentioned nor implied in the paragraph. The
passage cites that if Trump becomes sane and
wise, he will get another term, but in statement 3
the opposite is implied. The fourth sentence is in
one way a part of the passage, but it is not a
summary. Only sentence 1 brings out the essence
of the given para.
A heavy shower began with no warning. Aditya
Singara was among 700-odd B.Pharm and Pharm.D
graduates who had stood in a line outside the
Pharmacy Council of Maharashtra.
The crowd tried to enter the closed gate and in the
process tore out the barrier from the iron railings.
There was a stampede, people falling over each
other and getting trampled. Singapore lost his
balance, and the gate ruptured his left ear.
1. People tried to enter the closed gate with such a force
that the barrier was brought down, and in the process,
there was a stampede.
2. Showers started unexpectedly, and the 700 strong crowd
jostled and brought down the gates of the Pharmacy
Council of Maharashtra, crushing people underneath
when Singara fell, and the iron barrier tore his left ear.
3. Because of the stampede, people were falling and getting
crushed and Singapore, while falling got his left ear
ruptured
4. Pharm and Pharm.D graduates were standing in a line
outside the gate of the Medical Council of Maharashtra
when it rained confusing followed by the stampede.
23 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Statements 1, 3 and 4 reflect
what is given in the passage. But they are not
the gist of the given text. Sentence 2 mirrors
the inputs mentioned in the para.
Sebi and CBI and the Indian authorities were
blamed by Antigua and Barbuda for not raising a
hue and cry on Mehul Choksi when he applied for
citizenship last year, but on the core principles
of “reciprocity and dual criminality,” India asked
the country to extradite at the earliest the accused.
It appears that when Choksi applied for citizenship
in May 2017, he gave a police clearance certificate
which was required by Section 5(2) (b) of Antigua
and Barbuda citizenship by Investment Act 2013.
1. As required by Section 5(2) (b) of Antigua and Barbuda citizenship
by Investment Act 2013, Choksi had provided a police clearance
certificate, and the government had no option but to grant him
citizenship.
2. Antigua and Barbuda contend that both the Indian authorities and
Sebi and CBI did not cry foul when the government decided to
grant him citizenship.
3. On the principle of “reciprocity and dual criminality,” India asked
Antigua and Barbuda to extradite Choksi and not harp on the
point that India, Sebi, and CBI did not raise any issue when he was
being granted citizenship.
4. While Sebi and CBI wanted Antigua and Barbuda to not accede to
Choksi’s request for citizenship, the Indian authorities did nothing
to stop the government after Choksi furnished a police clearance
certificate from India.
24 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Sentence 1 and Statement 2 find
a place in the given passage, but it cannot be
construed as summary because other
important points are missing from them.
Sentence 4 says Sebi and CBI had prevented
the government from giving citizenship, but
the original text does not say so. Sentence 3
portrays in short what is told in the passage.
The Seven Wonders of the World will be brought
closer to homes of those living in Delhi by the
New Delhi Corporation. For a small fee, one can
pose in front of the replicas of these
monuments, from January. The project will be
displayed at Rajiv Gandhi Smriti Van near Sarai
Kale Khan and is a part of SDMC’s waste-to-art
initiative. The existing park will be renamed as
‘wonders of the world park’.
1. To enjoy the seven wonder of the world one need not move much
far away from home but can pose in front of replicas of these
monuments.
2. The idea to convert waste to art struck the administrators of the
Rajiv Gandhi Smriti Van, and they decided to make replicas of the
seven wonders of the world.
3. The existing park, Rajiv Gandhi Smriti Van near Sarai Kale Khan,
will be renamed as ‘wonders of the world park’ because the
central government wants to remove the name of ‘Rajiv Gandhi’
from all parks.
4. Those living in Delhi need not go far away to view and take selfies
of the seven wonders of the world, because Rajiv Gandhi Smriti
Van is being converted into ‘wonders of the world park’ and
replicas of the seven wonders would be displayed through the
waste-to-art initiative.
25 on Para-Summary
• Explanation: Sentence 1 and 2 are a part of
the given passage, but they are not the
summary. Sentence 3 says the name of Rajiv
Gandhi will be removed, but the passage
mentions nothing about this. Sentence 4 is the
best summary.
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Para Summary For CAT Preparation

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Sentence 2 is a restricted summary, and it talks only about tapioca

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