U9 geology vocab

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1. Basalt dark volcanic rock that has a columnar 22. Ocean long, narrow depressions on the sea floor
structure Trench
2. Bedding layers of clearly defined different types of 23. Physical rocks breaking apart without changing their
rock Weathering chemical composition
3. Chemical the erosion of rocks caused by chemical 24. Reverse fault that occurs when 2 blocks of rock are
Weathering reactions Fault forced together by compression
4. Clay a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth often forming 25. Sand a loose granular substance; formed from
an impermeable layer in the soil. erosion of other rocks
5. Convergent A tectonic plate boundary where two plates 26. Sedimentary a type of rock that is formed by the
Plate collide, come together, or crash into each Rock deposition and cementation of mineral of
Boundary other. organic particles
6. Deposition Process in which sediment is laid down in new 27. Silt fine sand, clay, or other material carried by
locations. running water and deposited as a sediment,
especially in a channel or harbor.
7. Divergent A tectonic boundary where two plates are
Plate moving away from each other and new crust 28. Sinkhole a cavity in the ground caused by water
Boundary is forming from magma that rises to the erosion
Earth's surface between the two plates.
29. Soil upper layer of earth in which plants grow
8. Extrusive rock that forms from the cooling and
30. Strike-Slip A type of fault in which rocks on either side
Igneous solidification of lava at Earth's surface
Fault move past each other sideways
Rock
31. Subduction the sideways and downward movement of the
9. Felsic igneous rocks that are rich in elements
edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the
10. Foliation repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks mantle beneath another plate.
11. Geohazard a geological state that may lead to 32. Topography Study of the shapes and features of the Earth's
widespread damage or risk. surface
12. Igneous a type of rock formed through cooling & 33. Transform locations where two plates slide past one
Rock solidification of magma/lava Plate another
Boundary
13. Intrusive a type of rock formed from magma forced
Igneous into older rocks 34. Tsunami a long high sea wave caused by an
Rock earthquake, submarine landslide, or other
disturbance.
14. Landslide the sliding down of a mass of earth or rock
from a mountain/cliff
15. Lithosphere A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part
of the mantle and the crust.
16. Mafic a group of dark-colored ferromagnesian
minerals
17. Magnitude a number that measures size of earthquakes
18. Mantle The transfer of heat by movement of material
Convection within the mantle
19. Metamorphic a type of rock that has been changed by
Rock extreme heat and pressure
20. Mid-Ocean an elevated region with a central valley on an
Ridge ocean floor at the boundary between two
diverging tectonic plates where new crust
forms from upwelling magma
21. Normal Fault fault that occurs when 2 blocks of rocks are
pulled apart