INDONESIA AND GERMANY GO TO

INDUSTRY 4.0 (IG I4.0)

What are the impacts of industry 4.0 and how we should
prepare ourselves for it?

Prof. Dr. –Ing. Hendro Wicaksono

h.wicaksono@jacobs-university.de Image: Kärcher
CONTENTS

I Introduction

II Historical Overview of Industrial Revolution

III Industry 4.0 Implementation in Different Sectors

IV The Impacts of Industry 4.0

V The Awareness - Industry 4.0 Maturity Assessment

VI How we should prepare ourselves for industry 4.0?

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PART I
INTRODUCTION

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ABOUT ME
Education:
SMA 1 Sidoarjo, ITB Bandung (S1, Informatics), University of Karlsruhe (S2, Telco), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (S3, Mechanical/Industrial Engineering)
Professional and Voluntary Activities:
 Head of Research Group INDEED
 Expert in European Commission and SES
 W3C Working Groups: Linked Building Data, Big Data Europe
 Visiting Professor/ Lecturer: TU Sofia, MPEI Moscow, UNAIR, UIN
Yogyakarta, UIN Malang
 Memberships and collaborations: German Logistics Association
(BVL), Via Bremen Foundation, City of the Future (Zukunftstadt).
 Mustasyar PCINU Jerman, German-Speaking Muslim Community
Karlsruhe (DMK), IASI

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 ABOUT JACOBS UNIVERSITY

https://www.jacobs-university.de/campustour/

 International and interdisciplinary oriented university

MOBILITY
 1400 students from 110 countries
 281 scientific staffs HEALTH
 Top ranked in CHE Ranking 2014–2017 and U-Multirank
DIVERSITY
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ABOUT THE RESEARCH GROUP
INDEED – INTELLIGENT DATA MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY 4.0

Hendro Bianca Katharina Ali Sharath Larissa Azka Diana

Methods and tools Applications

 Data integration through linked data  Smart Cities
 Big data analytics, machine learning  Supply Chain 4.0
 Knowledge representation, ontologies  Construction 4.0
 Innovation, technology, and knowledge  Agriculture 4.0
management
Open for R&D collaboration and Ph.D. supervision
 Human centered technologies (AR, VR,MR)
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PART II
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

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THE HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industry 4.0
Internet of Things, Service and
Degree of Innovation

Industry 3.0 People

World economy
Industry 2.0
Mass production
Industry 1.0
Mechanical production

Digitalization +
Interconnection + Intelligence
Cyber physical system and artificial
Automation inteligence
computer and automation
Electrification
electrical power and vehicle
Mechanization mobility
hydro- and steam power

End of the 18th century End of the 19th century Beginning of the 70's Today Time

(Ovtcharova & Wicaksono 2017)

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THE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 1.0

Economics
From agrarian capitalism and mercantilism to industrial capitalism

Image :National Potrait Gellery, London

Social
The creation of working class with though working conditions, urbanization,
low life expectancy, separation of working and family time, child labor
Image: Firstindustrialrevolution

Thoughts
The growth of Industrial Capitalism vs. Marxism

Image: George Lester

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THE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 2.0

Economic
 Cheap logistics
 More productivity – economy of scale
 Growth of large enterprises Image: profProof

 Economic depression

Social
 Public health concern
 Growth of middle class and material culture
Image: Museum of Unnatural Mystery
Politics
 National protection
 Mass weapon production
 Conflict became World War I

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PART III
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN DIFFERENT SECTORS

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THE INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES

Human Advanced
Centered AR, VR, MR Robotics
Technologies

Big Data Artificial

Intelligence
Analytics Intelligence

Cloud
Infrastructure IoT Computing
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AGRICULTURE 4.0

Automatic image recognition and assistant system for plant

damages and disease

Images: PEAT Technologies

Soil and crop monitoring using IoT

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HEALTH 4.0

Source: AUT

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SMART CITIES

Smart waste

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MANUFACTURING AND WORK 4.0

Physical
activities Assistance
reduction iImage: mpremedia.net systems

Image: Plataine

Work 4.0

Flexible Human robot

automation, collaboration
additive
manufacturing
Image: crossco Image: ASU

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PART IV
THE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRY 4.0

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THE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

Technological advancements are irretrievable, but socio-economic advancements are

retrievable.
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Source: German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi)

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

Source: German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi)

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ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Competition for data and giant/monopoly

data providers

Shift of industry key players

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SOCIAL IMPACTS
 Some jobs won‘t exist anymore, even
service based jobs
 Less amount of jobs and more
specialized jobs
 Freelancers as a new form of permanent
employment?

Source: University of Oxford

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SOCIO-POLITICAL IMPACTS

Less human workers, less tax payers → changes in social security system

Working not for getting paid through the introduction of basic income
(Precht 2018)

Data driven politics

Digital resources are political

assets

Falling public trust in business, government and media

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AN ILLUSTRATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IMPACT IN
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

 Self-driving car
 Car sharing – no need to buy car
 No parking car – cars are available on demand Image: Google

 The need of car is only 20% of today‘s need

 Shift of key players in automotive industry: Samsung and
Google instead of Daimler and Toyota

Image: European Coating

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INDUSTRY 4.0 IMPACTS IN INDONESIA?

but…

Only when we are aware and well

prepared

Source: Kementrian Perindustrian RI

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PART V
THE AWARENESS - INDUSTRY 4.0 MATURITY ASSESSMENT

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HOW CAN WE MEASURE THE INDUSTRY 4.0 READINESS
/MATURITY OF A COMPANY/ORGANIZATION?

Strategical
Human
Technological and Cultural
Resource
Organizational

Industry 4.0 Readiness

Through survey using quistionnaires in different organization units!

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TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS

Smart factory

Smart operations

Smart product Data driven service

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STRATEGICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS

The state of company/organization strategy for industry 4.0

Indicators to measure the success of strategy implementation

Investments for industry 4.0

Implementation of Innovation and technology management

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HUMAN RESOURCE READINESS

The skill level on:

1. IT infrastructure
2. Automation technology
3. Data analytics
4. Data security / communications security
5. Development or application of assistance systems
6. Collaboration software
7. Non-technical skills such as systems thinking and process understanding

(Impulse 2018)

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CULTURAL READINESS

Knowledge sharing

Open innovation

(Tidd & Bessant, 2009)

Ability and willingness to change

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MATURITY ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIAN COMPANIES
Level 5:
Top
Technological: Performer
Level 4:
 Smart operation: level 3 Expert

 Smart factory: level 2 Level 3: Experienced

 Smart product: level 0
 Data driven service: level 0 2.324 Level 2: Intermediate
Asessment date:
Human Resource: level 4 January 2017
Level 1: Beginner
Strategical and organizational: level 4
Level 0: Outsider
Cultural: no data

Comparison method:
Literature studies and survey in 5 Indonesian
companies in Jakarta
(Wong 2016)

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PART VI
HOW SHOULD WE PREPARE OURSELVES FOR INDUSTRY 4.0?

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THE ROLE OF EDUCATION

Technical education
• No interdisciplinarity, no innovation
• Adaptability to rapid changes and life long learning
• IT skills are the key to survive.

Enterpreneurship
• Collaboration in the „global village“
• Taking risks and dealing with uncertainty
• Responsible creativity

Adaptive learning
• Individualization
• Flexible curriculum and recognition of credits from various
education providers

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 AN EXAMPLE OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN ENGINEERING
EDUCATION

IT

Engineering
Source: Jeschke, 2015
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THE SYNERGY BETWEEN POLICY MAKER, BUSINESS, AND
ACADEMIA IN GERMANY

Small and Medium Enterprises

University Research
Research Outside University
Large Companies

Source: BMBF, 2016

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THE SYNERGY BETWEEN POLICY MAKER, BUSINESS, AND
ACADEMIA IN GERMANY
323 real applications 62 test environment

Source: www.plattform-i40.de
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SPATIAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS IN GERMANY

Sachsen and Sachsen-Anhalt

Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Stuttgart, Ulm

Dresden, Erfurt, Magdeburg

Darmstadt, Karlsruhe, Kaiserslautern, Saarbrücken, Walldorf

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HOW CAN WE PREPARE INDONESIA?
ORGANIZATION/COMPANY LEVEL

Task
characteristics

Technology Task- Degree of

characteristics technology- fit acceptance

Individual
characteristics

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HOW CAN WE PREPARE INDONESIA?

 Promoting the potential industry 4.0 technologies first, skill follows (Technology-
Task-Fit)
 Creating industry 4.0 working groups and platform consisting of policy makers,
business, and academia, i.e. agriculture 4.0, smart cities, construction 4.0,
health 4.0, etc. => Start-Up Speak-Up? Gerdhu?
 Designing leading market and supplier strategy (dual strategy)
 Utilizing and extending existing business associations by involving academia
and policy makers.

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HOW CAN WE PREPARE INDONESIA?
ECOSYSTEM BUILDING

Firms
 Combining top-down policy maker
steering with bottom-up stakeholders‘
innovations and collaboration
Individual Universiti
s es
 Public-private co-funding for research
and innovation

 Industry-driven education contents

Governme
Private nt Funded  Enterpreneur village
Networks Research

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HOW CAN WE PREPARE INDONESIA?
ECOSYSTEM BUILDING
 Promoting the potential industry 4.0 technologies first, skill follows (Technology-
Task-Fit)
 Creating industry 4.0 working groups and platform consisting of policy makers,
business, and academia, i.e. agriculture 4.0, smart cities, construction 4.0,
health 4.0, etc. => Start-Up Speak-Up? Gerdhu?
 Utilizing and extending existing business associations by involving academia
and policy makers.
 Designing leading market and supplier strategy (dual strategy)

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HOW CAN WE PREPARE INDONESIA?
ADDRESSING THE FULL INNOVATION CHAIN

(H2020 ICT 2017)

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CRITICAL REFLECTIONS

 The short-term effect of impacts 4.0 might cause problems so we need to be

aware and well prepared.

 Being a part of industry 4.0 instead of catching-up.

 Preparation for industry 4.0 requires the synergy between policy makers,
business, and academia.

 We should ask how we want to live instead of how we are going to live.

 Data veracity and trust is serious issue.

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CONTACT

Jacobs University Bremen

Prof. Dr. –Ing. Hendro Wicaksono

South Hall, Room 210

Campus Ring 1
28759 Bremen
Germany

+49 421 200 3075

h.wicaksono@jacobs-university.de
http://indeed.user.jacobs-university.de/

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THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION.