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QUADRATIC and CUBIC EQUATIONS

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Y = mX + b
y_1 = m * x_1 + b x y
2 5 5 2 3.5
2 3
y_2 = m * x_2 + b 3
3 2 3 2.6666667

m -0.333 y_1 - y_2 2.5

x_1 - x_2
2
b 3.667 y_1 - m * x_1

x 3 1.5
y 2.667 mX + b
Condensed solution 1
c 2.667

Solution to be copied 0.5

x_1 2.5
y_1 2 0
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
x_2 5
y_2 6 Figure 58-1 A simple straight line.

x 3
y 2.800
Simplified solution to be copied 8
line 1 line 2 X Y
x_1 0 3.5 0 3.689 7
y_1 3.689 0 10 7.02
x_2 10 10 6
y_2 7.02 6.5
m 0.3331 1 5
b 3.689 -3.5 3.5 0
4
formal 10 6.5 line 1
x 10.78 10.78 line 2
3
7.28 7.28 10.780 7.280
Condensed
2
x 4 10.78
y 5.02 7.28 1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Figure 58-2 The intersection of two straight lines

Solve for the intersection of two lines using y = mx + b.
Algebra line 1 line 2 subtract
y 1 y 1 0
mx 0.333 -mx 1.000 -0.667 x solution 10.780
b 3.689 -b -3.500 7.189 y solution 7.280

Matrix
y = mx + b
y - mx = b
y - mx =b minverse mmult intersection
line 1 1.000 -0.333 3.689 1.499 -0.499 7.280 = y
line 2 1.000 -1.000 -3.500 1.499 -1.499 10.780 = x
 Page 58 - 2
QUADRATIC and CUBIC EQUATIONS
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ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET 410089377.xls
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
QUADRATIC EQUATION
The quadratic equation shown below is a straight forward example of
spread sheet math that makes a somewhat difficult calculation more 700
accurate. The ERR flag indicates imaginary ( i ) root(s).
600
ax² bx c
2 -12 9
500
[ -b + (b2 - 4ac)0.5 ] / 2a = 0
400 ax1² + bx1+ c
x1 5.12 first root
x2 0.88 second root 300 Polynomial (ax1² + bx1+
c)
Assign range names of A, B, and C to the input values 200 ax2² + bx2 + c
to make the equations more readable.
mx + b
100
For a straight line y = mx + b
m 1
b 100 this is the y intercept at x = 0 0

Note: as a convention, capitalized X and Y are data plots and -100

lower case x and y are distances from the plot to a fitted line or
curve. #NUM! is not plotted, text is plotted as 0.
Figure 58-3 Solutions to the quadratic equation.

Test x1 5.121320344 6.1213203 7.1213203 8.1213203 9.1213203 10.12132 11.12132 12.1213 13.1213 14.12
a x2 0.878679656 1.8786797 2.8786797 3.8786797 4.8786797 5.8786797 6.8786797 7.87868 8.87868 9.88
b mx+b 105.1213203 106.12132 107.12132 108.12132 109.12132 110.12132 111.12132 112.121 113.121 114.121
c ax12 + bx1 + c 0 10.485281 24.970563 43.455844 65.941125 92.426407 122.91169 157.397 195.882 238.368
d ax22 + bx2 + c 0 -6.4852814 -8.970563 -7.4558441 -1.9411255 7.5735931 21.088312 38.603 60.1177 85.6325

Linest Fit to the Quadratic Equation

x increment 0.6

X aX2 bX c Y Y linest linest m1 m2 b

0.32 0.2 -3.9 9 5.4 5.4 m 1.00 1.00 9.00 #N/A
0.92 1.7 -11.1 9 -0.4 -0.4 se 0.00 0 0 #N/A
1.52 4.6 -18.3 9 -4.6 -4.6 note that the r2 r2 1.0000 3.6E-14 #N/A #N/A
2.12 9.0 -25.5 9 -7.5 -7.5 shows a good F 1.144E+32 24 #N/A #N/A
2.72 14.8 -32.7 9 -8.8 -8.8 (exact) fit ssreg 288499 3E-26 #N/A #N/A
3.32 22.1 -39.9 9 -8.8 -8.8
3.92 30.8 -47.1 9 -7.3 -7.3
4.52 40.9 -54.3 9 -4.4 -4.4
5.12 52.5 -61.5 9 0.0 0.0
5.72 65.5 -68.7 9 5.8 5.8
6.32 79.9 -75.9 9 13.1 13.1 describe the linest range, enter the equation,
6.92 95.8 -83.1 9 21.8 21.8 and then press [Ctrl] [Shift] [Enter] simultaneously
7.52 113.1 -90.3 9 31.9 31.9 to get this equation throughout the range
8.12 131.9 -97.5 9 43.5 43.5
8.72 152.1 -104.7 9 56.5 56.5
9.32 173.8 -111.9 9 70.9 70.9
9.92 196.9 -119.1 9 86.8 86.8
10.52 221.4 -126.3 9 104.1 104.1 350.0
11.12 247.4 -133.5 9 122.9 122.9
300.0
11.72 274.8 -140.7 9 143.1 143.1
12.32 303.6 -147.9 9 164.8 164.8 250.0
12.92 333.9 -155.1 9 187.9 187.9
200.0
13.52 365.7 -162.3 9 212.4 212.4
14.12 398.8 -169.5 9 238.4 238.4 150.0 Column E
14.72 433.4 -176.7 9 265.8 265.8
15.32 469.5 -183.9 9 294.6 294.6 100.0
15.92 507.0 -191.1 9 324.9 324.9 50.0
0.0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.0012.0014.0016.0018.00
-50.0
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Figure 58-4 The cubic equation.
 Page 58 - 4
QUADRATIC and CUBIC EQUATIONS
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
CUBIC EQUATION ALGEBRAIC and TRIGONOMETRIC SOLUTION
Typically, if the algebraic solution can provide an answer, the trigonometric solution will return #NUM's and vice versa.
Algebraic Solution i represents imaginary numbers
p q r sum = y 60.000
3 2 -1 0
x³ px² qx r =Y 50.000
0.034 0.316 0.649 -1.000 0.000 x1 0.325 OK
x2 40.000
-11.010 14.847 -4.449 -1.000 -1.612 -2.225 !!! i
-1.331 3.631 -2.200 -1.000 -0.901 x3 -1.100 !!! i 30.000

a -1.000 1 / 3 * ( 3 * q - p2 ) 20.000 Y1
1 / 3 * ( 3 * 2.0 - 3.0^2 ) Y2
10.000 Y3
b -1.000 1 / 27 * ( 2 * p3 - 9 * p * q + 27 * r )
1 / 27 * ( 2 * 3.0^3 - 9 * 3.0 * 2.0 + 27 * -1.0 ) 0.000
-4.000-3.000-2.000-1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000
flag 1 1 logic b² /4 + a³ /27 > 0 1 real root and 2 imaginary roots -10.000
flag 2 0 logic b² / 4+ a³ /27 = 0 3 real roots of which 2 at least are equal
-20.000
flag 3 0 logic b² /4 + a³ /27 < 0 3 real and unequal roots
Figure 58-5 The cubic equation algebraic
[A] 0.987 3
-b / 2 + b2 /4 + a3 / 27 solution.
( - -1.000 / 2 + SQRT ( -1.000^2 /4 + -1.000^3 /27 ) )^(1/3)

logic 1 3
-b / 2 - b2 /4 + a3 / 27
( - -1.000 / 2 - SQRT(-1.000^2 /4 + -1.000^3 /27 ) ) >= 0

B_eq 0.338 abs( -b / 2 - sqrt(b^2 /4 + a^3 / 27) )^(1/3)

ABS( - -1.000 / 2 - SQRT(-1.000^2 /4 + -1.000^3 / 27) )^(1/3)

[B] 0.338 If(logic, B_eq, -B_eq)

IF( 1, 0.338, -0.338 )

X1 0.325 [A] + [B] -p/3

0.987 + 0.338 - 3.000 /3
X2 -2.225 -( [A] + [B] ) /2 + ( [A] - [B] ) /2 * -3 ) -p/3
-(0.987 + 0.338 ) /2 + ( 0.987 - 0.338 ) /2 * ( -3^0.5) - 3.000 /3
X3 -1.100 -( [A] + [B] ) /2 - ( [A] - [B] ) /2 * -3 ) - p/3
-(0.987 + 0.338 ) /2 - ( 0.987 - 0.338 ) /2 * ( -3^0.5) - 3.000 /3
Trigonometric Solution i represents imaginary numbers
p q r sum = y
3 1 -2 0 60.000
x³ px² qx r
0.236 1.146 1.236 -1.000 1.618 x1 0.618 !!! i
50.000
-8.000 12.000 -4.000 -1.000 -1.000 x2 -2.000 !!! i
-4.236 7.854 -3.236 -1.000 -0.618 x3 -1.618 !!! i
40.000
a -2.000 1 / 3 * ( 3 * q - p2 )
1 / 3 * ( 3 * 1.0 - 3.0^2 )
30.000
b -1.000 1 / 27 * ( 2 * p3 - 9 * p * q + 27 * r )
1 / 27 * ( 2 * 3.0^3 - 9 * 3.0 * 1.0 + 27 * -2.0 ) Y
20.000 1
cos Ф 0.919 -b/2 / -a3 /27 Y
- -1.000 /2 / SQRT( - ( -1.000^3 ) /27 ) 2
10.000
arcos Ф 0.406
X1 0.618 2* -a/3 * cos(Ф /3) - p /3
0.000
2 * ( - -1.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS(0.406 /3 ) - 3.000 /3
-4.000 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000
X2 -2.000 -2 * -a/3 * cos(Ф /3 - p /3) - p /3
- 2 * ( - -1.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS( 0.406 /3 - PI/3) - 3.000 /3 -10.000
Figure 58-6 The cubic equation
trigonometric solution.
X3 -1.618 -2 * -a/3 * cos(Ф /3 + p /3 * 2/3) - p /3
 Page 58 - 5
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
2 * ( - -1.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS( 0.406 /3+2 * PI * 2/3) - 3.000 /3
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
CUBIC EQUATION GRAPHING
For the equation x³ + px² + qx + = 0 , the value of x crosses the Y-axis at y = 0.
The graph X-axis is calculated around the y = 0 value. Each X-axis and its
corresponding y values are a separate series in the same graph.

Left click on the graph and right click on the Source Data… in the pop-up menu.
Left click on the Series tab to view the source data for each xy series.

Algebraic Solution Trigonometric Solution

increment 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

X axis Y X axis Y X axis Y X axis Y X axis Y X axis

-0.775 -1.213 -3.325 -11.238 -2.200 -1.528 -0.482 -1.897 -3.100 -6.061 -2.718
-0.675 -1.290 -3.225 -9.785 -2.100 -1.231 -0.382 -2.000 -3.000 -5.000 -2.618
-0.575 -1.348 -3.125 -8.466 -2.000 -1.000 -0.282 -2.066 -2.900 -4.059 -2.518
-0.475 -1.380 -3.025 -7.275 -1.900 -0.829 -0.182 -2.089 -2.800 -3.232 -2.418
-0.375 -1.381 -2.925 -6.205 -1.800 -0.712 -0.082 -2.062 -2.700 -2.513 -2.318
-0.275 -1.344 -2.825 -5.250 -1.700 -0.643 0.018 -1.981 -2.600 -1.896 -2.218
-0.175 -1.264 -2.725 -4.405 -1.600 -0.616 0.118 -1.839 -2.500 -1.375 -2.118
-0.075 -1.134 -2.625 -3.664 -1.500 -0.625 0.218 -1.629 -2.400 -0.944 -2.018
0.025 -0.949 -2.525 -3.019 -1.400 -0.664 0.318 -1.346 -2.300 -0.597 -1.918
0.125 -0.702 -2.425 -2.467 -1.300 -0.727 0.418 -0.985 -2.200 -0.328 -1.818
0.225 -0.388 -2.325 -2.000 -1.200 -0.808 0.518 -0.538 -2.100 -0.131 -1.718
0.325 0.000 -2.225 -1.612 -1.100 -0.901 where y = 0 0.618 0.000 -2.000 0.000 -1.618
0.425 0.467 -2.125 -1.298 -1.000 -1.000 0.718 0.635 -1.900 0.071 -1.518
0.525 1.020 -2.025 -1.051 -0.900 -1.099 0.818 1.373 -1.800 0.088 -1.418
0.625 1.664 -1.925 -0.866 -0.800 -1.192 0.918 2.220 -1.700 0.057 -1.318
0.725 2.406 -1.825 -0.736 -0.700 -1.273 1.018 3.182 -1.600 -0.016 -1.218
0.825 3.251 -1.725 -0.656 -0.600 -1.336 1.118 4.266 -1.500 -0.125 -1.118
0.925 4.205 -1.625 -0.619 -0.500 -1.375 1.218 5.476 -1.400 -0.264 -1.018
1.025 5.276 -1.525 -0.620 -0.400 -1.384 1.318 6.819 -1.300 -0.427 -0.918
1.125 6.467 -1.425 -0.652 -0.300 -1.357 1.418 8.302 -1.200 -0.608 -0.818
1.225 7.786 -1.325 -0.710 -0.200 -1.288 1.518 9.930 -1.100 -0.801 -0.718
1.325 9.239 -1.225 -0.787 -0.100 -1.171 1.618 11.708 -1.000 -1.000 -0.618
1.425 10.831 -1.125 -0.877 0.000 -1.000 1.718 13.644 -0.900 -1.199 -0.518
1.525 12.568 -1.025 -0.975 0.100 -0.769 1.818 15.743 -0.800 -1.392 -0.418
1.625 14.457 -0.925 -1.075 0.200 -0.472 1.918 18.011 -0.700 -1.573 -0.318
1.725 16.504 -0.825 -1.170 0.300 -0.103 2.018 20.454 -0.600 -1.736 -0.218
1.825 18.714 -0.725 -1.254 0.400 0.344 2.118 23.078 -0.500 -1.875 -0.118
1.925 21.093 -0.625 -1.322 0.500 0.875 2.218 25.889 -0.400 -1.984 -0.018
2.025 23.648 -0.525 -1.368 0.600 1.495 2.318 28.893 -0.300 -2.057 0.082
2.125 26.385 -0.425 -1.385 0.700 2.212 2.418 32.097 -0.200 -2.088 0.182
2.225 29.308 -0.325 -1.367 0.800 3.031 2.518 35.505 -0.100 -2.071 0.282
2.325 32.426 -0.225 -1.309 0.900 3.958 2.618 39.125 0.000 -2.000 0.382
2.425 35.743 -0.125 -1.205 1.000 4.999 2.718 42.961 0.100 -1.869 0.482
2.525 39.265 -0.025 -1.047 1.100 6.160 2.818 47.021 0.200 -1.672 0.582
2.625 42.999 0.075 -0.832 1.200 7.447 2.918 51.310 0.300 -1.403 0.682
2.725 46.950 0.175 -0.552 1.300 8.866 3.018 55.833 0.400 -1.056 0.782
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
THE SHOOTING METHOD
Algebraic Solution i represents imaginary numbers
p q r sum = y
4 2 -1 3 2 -1 1 real root, 2 imaginary
x³ px² qx r =Y 3 12 -6 1 real root, 2 imaginary
Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 -1.000 Err:502 Err:502 4 2 -1 3 real and unequal roots
Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 -1.000 Err:502 Err:502 -3 3 -1 3 real w/ atleast 2 equal
Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 -1.000 Err:502 Err:502 1 -1 -1 3 real w/ atleast 2 equal

a. -3.333 1 / 3 * ( 3 * 2.0 - 4.0^2 )

b. 1.074 1 / 27 * ( 2 * 4.0^3 - 9 * 4.0 * 2.0 + 27 * -1.0 )

flag 1 0 logic b² /4 + a³ /27 > 0 1 real root and 2 imaginary roots

flag 2 0 logic b² / 4+ a³ /27 = 0 3 real roots of which 2 at least are equal
flag 3 3 logic b² /4 + a³ /27 < 0 3 real and unequal roots increment
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3
[A]. Err:502 ( - 1.074 / 2 + SQRT ( 1.074^2 /4 + -3.333^3 /27 ) )^(1/3) 0.3 0.3 0.3

logic Err:502 ( - 1.074 / 2 - SQRT(1.074^2 /4 + -3.333^3 /27 ) ) >= 0 -2.997 2.014 -6.603 ### -4.300
-2.697 3.083 -6.303 ### -4.000
B_eq Err:502 ABS( - 1.074 / 2 - SQRT(1.074^2 /4 + -3.333^3 / 27) )^(1/3) -2.397 3.416 -6.003 -85.172 -3.700
-2.097 3.175 -5.703 -67.783 -3.400
[B]. Err:502 Err:502 -1.797 2.521 -5.403 -52.753 -3.100
ISNUMBER -1.497 1.616 -5.103 -39.920 -2.800
X1 Err:502 0 Err:502 -1.197 0.623 -4.803 -29.123 -2.500
X2 Err:502 0 Err:502 -0.897 -0.297 -4.503 -20.199 -2.200
X3 Err:502 0 Err:502 -0.597 -0.981 -4.203 -12.987 -1.900
-0.297 -1.267 -3.903 -7.325 -1.600
Trigonometric Solution 0.003 -0.994 -3.603 -3.050 -1.300
p q r sum = y where y = 0 0.303 0.000 -3.303 0.000 -1.000
4 2 -1 0 daisy chained from algebraic 0.603 1.878 -3.003 1.986 -0.700
x³ px² qx r inputs above 0.903 4.801 -2.703 3.071 -0.400
0.0277564 0.3666923 0.6055513 -1 -1.464E-15 OK 1.203 8.932 -2.403 3.416 -0.100
-36.02776 43.633308 -6.605551 -1 0 OK 1.503 14.433 -2.103 3.183 0.200
-1 4 -2 -1 0 OK 1.803 21.465 -1.803 2.535 0.500
2.103 30.190 -1.503 1.634 0.800
a -3.333 1 / 3 * ( 3 * 2.0 - 4.0^2 ) 2.403 40.771 -1.203 0.641 1.100
b 1.074 1 / 27 * ( 2 * 4.0^3 - 9 * 4.0 * 2.0 + 27 * -1.0 ) 2.703 53.369 -0.903 -0.281 1.400
3.003 68.147 -0.603 -0.971 1.700
cos F -0.459 - 0.000 /2 / SQRT( - ( 0.000^3 ) /27 ) 3.303 85.267 -0.303 -1.267 2.000
arcos F 2.047 3.603 104.890 -0.003 -1.006 2.300
ISNUMBER 3.903 127.178 0.297 -0.026 2.600
X1 0.303 0.3027756 2 * ( - 0.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS(2.047 /3 ) - 4.000 /3 4.203 152.294 0.597 1.834 2.900
X2 -3.303 -3.302776 - 2 * ( - 0.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS( 2.047 /3 - PI/3) - 4.000 /3 4.503 180.399 0.897 4.737 3.200
X3 -1.000 -1 2 * ( - 0.000 /3 )^0.5 * COS( 2.047 /3+2 * PI * 2/3) - 4.000 /3 4.803 211.656 1.197 8.844 3.500
5.103 246.227 1.497 14.317 3.800
The value of X is determined by where the line crosses the X-axis at Y = 0 5.403 284.272 1.797 21.320 4.100
The trigonometric solution is used for 3 real and unequal roots. 5.703 325.956 2.097 30.012 4.400
6.003 371.439 2.397 40.557 4.700
800.000 6.303 420.883 2.697 53.117 5.000
6.603 474.451 2.997 67.853 5.300
700.000
6.903 532.304 3.297 84.928 5.600
600.000 7.203 594.605 3.597 104.503 5.900
7.503 661.516 3.897 126.740 6.200
500.000
convergance OK OK
400.000

300.000

200.000

100.000

0.000
-8.000 -6.000 -4.000 -2.000 0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000
-100.000

-200.000
 600.000

500.000

400.000 Page 58 - 8
QUADRATIC and CUBIC EQUATIONS
58
300.000

200.000

100.000

0.000
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET 410089377.xls
-8.000 -6.000
Copyright -4.000 -2.000
2006 American Society 0.000
of 2.000 4.000
Civil Engineers 6.000 8.000 10.000
-100.000
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
-200.000
Figure 58-7 The shooting method solution.
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
CURVE FITTING with EXCEL TRENDLINE
x p q r
0.562 4 1 -2
increment 0.03 x3 px2 qx r y graph y calculated
0.232 0.012 0.215 0.232 -2 -1.540 -1.540
0.262 0.018 0.275 0.262 -2 -1.445 -1.445
0.292 0.025 0.341 0.292 -2 -1.342 -1.342
0.322 0.033 0.415 0.322 -2 -1.230 -1.230
0.352 0.044 0.496 0.352 -2 -1.109 -1.109
0.382 0.056 0.584 0.382 -2 -0.979 -0.979
0.412 0.070 0.679 0.412 -2 -0.839 -0.839
0.442 0.086 0.781 0.442 -2 -0.690 -0.690
0.472 0.105 0.891 0.472 -2 -0.532 -0.532
0.502 0.127 1.008 0.502 -2 -0.363 -0.363
0.532 0.151 1.132 0.532 -2 -0.185 -0.185
Y intercept 0.562 0.178 1.263 0.562 -2 0.003 0.003
0.592 0.207 1.402 0.592 -2 0.201 0.201
0.622 0.241 1.548 0.622 -2 0.410 0.410
0.652 0.277 1.700 0.652 -2 0.630 0.630
0.682 0.317 1.860 0.682 -2 0.860 0.860
0.712 0.361 2.028 0.712 -2 1.101 1.101
0.742 0.409 2.202 0.742 -2 1.353 1.353
0.772 0.460 2.384 0.772 -2 1.616 1.616
0.802 0.516 2.573 0.802 -2 1.891 1.891
0.832 0.576 2.769 0.832 -2 2.177 2.177
0.862 0.641 2.972 0.862 -2 2.475 2.475
0.892 0.710 3.183 0.892 -2 2.784 2.784
0.922 0.784 3.400 0.922 -2 3.106 3.106
0.952 0.863 3.625 0.952 -2 3.440 3.440
0.982 0.947 3.857 0.982 -2 3.786 3.786
1.012 1.036 4.097 1.012 -2 4.145 4.145
1.042 1.131 4.343 1.042 -2 4.516 4.516
1.072 1.232 4.597 1.072 -2 4.901 4.901
1.102 1.338 4.858 1.102 -2 5.298 5.298
1.132 1.451 5.126 1.132 -2 5.708 5.708
1.162 1.569 5.401 1.162 -2 6.132 6.132
1.192 1.694 5.683 1.192 -2 6.569 6.569
1.222 1.825 5.973 1.222 -2 7.020 7.020
1.252 1.963 6.270 1.252 -2 7.485 7.485
1.282 2.107 6.574 1.282 -2 7.963 7.963
10.000

8.000
f(x) = 1x^3 + 4x^2 + 1x - 2
R² = 1
6.000

4.000
Plot
2.000 Polynomial (Plot)

0.000
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400
-2.000

-4.000
Figure 58-8 Using the Excel add trend function
to solve the equation This solution used the 3rd power.
linest m1 m2 m3 b
m 1.00 1.00 1.00 -2.00
se 3.797E-14 1.357E-14 2.37234E-14 7.928E-15
r2 1.0000 3.37E-15 #N/A #N/A
F 8.532E+30 32 #N/A #N/A
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QUADRATIC and CUBIC EQUATIONS
58
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET 410089377.xls
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
ssreg 290.74466 3.635E-28 #N/A #N/A
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#REF!

#REF!
4 4.5 5 5.5

line 1
line 2

#REF!

10 12

wo straight lines

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ax1² + bx1+ c

Polynomial (ax1² + bx1+

c)

ax2² + bx2 + c

mx + b

row 100

15.12
10.88
115.121
284.853
115.147

row 120

row 130

Column E row 140

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Y1
Y2
Y3

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000

row 170
c equation algebraic

row 180

Y
1
Y
2

1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000

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Y
-2.635
-2.000
-1.462
-1.015
-0.654
-0.371
-0.161
-0.019
0.062
0.089
0.066
0.000
-0.103
-0.237
-0.396
-0.574
-0.766
-0.964
-1.163
-1.358
-1.542
-1.708
-1.852
-1.967
-2.047
-2.086
-2.078
-2.017
-1.897
-1.713
-1.457
-1.125
-0.709
-0.205
0.394
1.095

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1 real root, 2 imaginary

1 real root, 2 imaginary
3 real and unequal roots
3 real w/ atleast 2 equal
3 real w/ atleast 2 equal

y3

-15.147
-9.000
-4.293
-0.864
1.449
2.808
3.375
3.312
2.781
1.944
0.963
0.000
-0.783
-1.224
-1.161
-0.432
1.125
3.672
7.371
12.384
18.873
27.000
36.927
48.816
62.829
79.128
97.875
119.232
143.361
170.424
200.583
234.000
270.837
311.256
355.419
403.488

OK
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row 390

row 400

row 410

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