“It is an idea of controlling a system or any equipments or a process

with respect to a set of instruction or a condition”

Automation is basically the delegation of human control
function to technical equipment for,
 Increasing Productivity
 Increasing Quality
 Reducing Cost
 Increasing Safety in working conditions

Human Aided Automatic

Automation is basically a delegation of human control function to control technical
equipment.

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies reducing the
need for human intervention.
Cement & Fertilizer Automobile Food processing

Petrochemical Oil & Gas Water Treatment

Power Generation
Manual Control Pneumatic Control Hard Wire Logic Control

PLC Electronic Control Using Gates

 The Basic Block

CPU

Inputs Outputs

A Programmable Logic Controller is a solid state control system that

continuously monitors the status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a
user written program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices
connected as outputs.
 Digitally operating electronic device.
 Uses a programmable memory for the internal storage of instructions
for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting
and arithmetic
 Can control through digital or analog input or output modules, various types of
machines or processes.
•Handles much more complicated
systems.
•Less and simple wiring.
•Easy programming
•Increased Reliability.
•More Flexibility.
•Lower Cost .
•Faster Response.
•Easier to troubleshoot.
•Remote control capability.
•Communication Capability.
 POWER
SUPPLY

I M O M
N O U O
P D T D
U U PROCESSOR P U
T L U L
From E T E To
SENSORS OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
• Switches and Pushbuttons
• Sensing Devices
• Limit Switches
• Photoelectric Sensors
• Proximity Sensors
• Condition Sensors
• Pressure Switches
• Level Switches
• Temperature Switches
• Vacuum Switches
• Float Switches
• Valves
• Motor Starters
• Solenoids
• Actuators
• Control Relays
• Horns & Alarms
• Stack Lights
• Fans
• Counter
• Pumps
 Allen Bradley SLC 500 Modular PLC

Power supply Processor Input modules Output module

Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3

 I/O Modules Back plane

CPU
 Allen Bradley MicroLogix 1200 Fixed PLC

Sensor input to PLC

PLC I/O
0 8 9 10 12 13 Section
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C 11

IN Power
MicroLogix 1200
Run
OUT Force
Communication
PLC O/P
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Section
24 Volts
Power L2
Supply PLC Output to Motor Starter

Starter

Motor
Sensor
SMALL - It covers units with up to128 I/O’s and memories up to2 Kbytes.
These PLC’s are capable of providing simple to advance levels or
machine controls.

MEDIUM- Have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up to 32 Kbytes.

LARGE - The most sophisticated units of the PLC family. They have up to
8192 I/O’s and memories up to 750 Kbytes.
Can control individual production processes or entire plant.
1)Self test: Testing of its own hardware and
software for faults. Self test
2)Input scan: If there are no problems, PLC
will copy all the inputs and copy their values
into memory.
3)Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder Input scan
logic program is solved once and outputs are
updated.
4)Output scan: While solving logic the output Logic scan
values are updated only in memory , the real
outputs will be updated using temporary values in
memory during o/p scan. Output
scan
SET/RESET Timer

LL HL S

S M

Level
PLC
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

What is SCADA?
SCADA is “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”.
Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally
monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as
motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc.
SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.

SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It’s a concept,

it’s a system as a combination of special hardware, software and
protocols.

SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas

pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment,
manufacturing facilities, water purification and
distribution infrastructure, etc.
 File

SCADA level Operator 23 12

Edit
Engineering
4 2 2
33

Plant bus

Programmable
Plant Level Logic Controller

Field bus

Field level

Sensor/
Actuator
Bus
Sensor / direct I/O
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Communications
Network
Sensor Remote
Terminal
Unit (RTU)

Fiber, Radio, Modem,

Microwave, Telephone, Sensor
Wireless, Powerline Carrier
RTU

Central Monitoring Unit

Sensor
RTU

Programmable Logic Controller

System Concept of SCADA

 Human Machine Interface (HMI)

SCADA
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Cooling System
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Dynamic Representation
Alarms

Trends Scripts
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Recipe Security

Database Connectivity Device Connectivity

 What is Automation
 History Automation
 PLC
 Architecture
 operation
 Programming
 SCADA
 Working
 features