CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review of Related Literature

2.1.1 What is a Parking Building?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/multistorey_car_park

Retrieved on December 20, 2018

A parking building or a multi storey car park also called a parking structure,
is a building designed for vehicle parking and where there are a number of floors
or levels on which parking takes place. It is essentially an indoor, stacked
parking lot.

A parking Building is a space in a location that is designated for parking

where automobile fits inside the space, either by parallel parking, perpendicular
parking or angled parking. Parking a car in a multi-level is a hassle free for a
driver as well. Since such parking systems minimize the risk of theft or
vandalism, it consequently minimizes the tension of the user.

Parking assistance is smart enough to regulate traffic at any point of time in

residencies, offices, shopping malls, hospitals and other public places. With the
transformation of parking technologies, there are integrated parking equipments
and software’s that offers best solutions to the parking related complications.
2.2 Related Study

2.2.1 The Conceptual Design of Integrated Bus and Jeepney

Southbound Terminal in Iligan City by Abdul Racman M. Cosain,
Saidamen A. Pacalangot, Farhan U. Sultan (March 2018)

This research paper aims to develop a conceptual design for an Integrated

Bus and Jeepney Southbound Terminal in Iligan City, Philippines. Since a

temporary integrated bus and Jeepney southbound terminal were constructed at

the Global Steel Corporation (Formerly National Steel Corporation) but there is

no existing conceptual design for the construction of permanent southbound

terminal according to the City Engineer’s Office of Iligan City. The temporary

southbound terminal is currently experiencing several problems mainly

unappealing aesthetic design, poor sanitation, out dated infrastructure and

improper management, lock of waste disposal and un-cemented road were stated

from the interviews with the vendors and people visiting the terminal. The

mentioned issues above, this study aims to come up with a conceptualized design

that will serve as a model for the construction of permanent integrated

southbound terminal that will solve the problem and in turn provide economic

opportunities to the local government, drivers, vendors and passengers as well.

 It will include also in this research study on how to determine the required
lot area based on the volume of vehicles such as buses, public utility and
Jeepneys.

The method used in the gathering of data for the research are the

researchers conducted an informal interview to an approximate of 200

respondents to gather the feedback on possible conceptual design for South-

bound Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal in Iligan City and what are the

current issues and problem faced by the terminal, three conceptual design

schemes was created by the researchers based on the gathered feedbacks. A

survey was conducted (200) individuals were selected randomly tom choose

the best for the conceptual design of the public market.

2.3 Related Readings

2.3.1 Parking Structure Design Guidelines developed for the Capital

City Development Corporation as a guide for future parking structure
design in Downtown Boise.
2.3.2 PD 1096 (NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES)

Parking Requirements and Guidelines

2.3.3. ARCHITECT OF THE PHILIPPINES BLOGSPOT OF
PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS

http://thearchitetchphilippines.blogspot.com/2016/02/parking-and-
loading-space-requirements.html
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the methods and procedures obtained from the research. It
further includes the subject of the study, methods used, instruments used and
statistical tool to be used.

3.1 Subject of the Study

The 300 respondents were selected randomly and asked to choose

and select the best scheme for the Proposed Conceptual Design of a
Three-Storey Parking Building based upon several criteria’s.

3.2 Research Design

In this study, the researchers came up with three (3) design schemes
for the Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Storey Parking Building
which used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. In the
quantitative research, the data were obtained from the 300 respondents
who selected one from the three designs for the Proposed Conceptual
Design of a Three-Storey Parking Building. In the qualitative method,
the data were obtained from the comments and suggestion of the
respondents on the Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Storey
Parking Building

3.3 Research Design Criteria

A. Concept and Design

A.1 Aesthetic Appeal & Appearance

Is the concept and appearance of the Proposed Conceptual Design of

3-Storey Parking Building aesthetically appealing?
 A.2 Parking Capacity

Is there sufficient parking space for the owners of private vehicles?

A.3 Organization of Structure

Is there an organized feel to the design of the Proposed Conceptual

Design of 3-Storey Parking Building?

3.4 Methods Used

In gathering the data, the following methods were conducted. First,

the researchers created three different design schemes for the Proposed
Conceptual Design of 3-Storey Parking Building. Secondly, interviews
were conducted by the researchers to get comments and suggestions for
the Proposed Conceptual Design of 3-Storey Parking Building, which
were then rated by 300 respondents.
The three schemes namely are:
1st scheme is a large and open-air Three-storey Concrete Parking
Structure which consists of a 90- degree parking bay that allows 282
parking spaces with two-way traffic flow. Four car lifts for parking
entrance, a Single Helix Ramps for exit and a glass elevator are also
provided.
2nd scheme is a large open-air Three-storey Precast Parking
Structure, fenced with glass railings which consists of a 45- degree
parking bay that allows 108 parking spaces with two-way traffic flow
both entrance and exit. Single Helix Ramps and a glass elevator are also
provided.
3rd scheme is an open-rectangular shaped Three-storey Cast-in-
Place Concrete Parking Structure which composed of a 90-degree
parking bay that allows 166 parking spaces with two-way traffic flow,
an Exterior Circular Ramp (intended for vehicle exit) and two car lifts.
Elevators are also provided.
3.5 Research Instruments

The instruments used in the study were the conceptual design for the
Proposed Conceptual Design of Three-Storey Parking Building
represented by the three schemes. 1st scheme, 2nd scheme, 3rd
scheme, .The three schemes will be presented to 300 respondents during
a survey and the respondents will rate it.
A rubric was created and used by the respondents to evaluate the
schemes presented to them wherein the schemes were rating with
corresponding points based on each category (Aesthetic Appeal and
Appearance, Parking Capacity, Organization of Structures, Sanitation).

3.6 Statistical Treatment

In determining the results on the conceptual design that is chosen by

the randomly selected respondents, the data was treated using the
following statistical tools:

a. Weighted Mean
It is used to describe the feasibility of the proposed modification
and the perceived level aesthetic, economical, and practical values
of the design.

Formula:
X=∑fi/n
Where:
X= weighted mean
f= frequency of the responses
i= weight given to each scaled response
n= total number of respondents
b. To interpret the criteria, a rating scale was used. Every criterion in
the rubric used by the evaluator was rated as:

Interval Description

4.25-5.00 Excellent
3.25-4.24 Very Good
2.50-3.25 Good
1.75-2.49 Average
1.00-1.74 Poor
 CHAPTER 4
RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter shows the three schemes of Conceptual Design of a Three-

Storey Parking Building in Iligan City and the results of the chosen schemes by the
respondents are being presented.

A. Scheme 1: Large and open-air Three-storey Concrete Parking Structure

which consists of a 90- degree parking bay that allows 282 parking
spaces with two-way traffic flow. Four car lifts for parking entrance, a
Single Helix Ramps for exit and a glass elevator are also provided.

DESIGN CRITERIA POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY EXCELLENT WEIGHTED DESCRIPTION

(1) (2) (3) GOOD (5) MEAN
(4)
AESTHETIC APPEAL 0 0 9 30 261 4.84 EXCELLENT

PARKING AREA 0 0 3 5 292 4.96 EXCELLENT

CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION OF 0 1 2 8 289 4.95 EXCELLENT

STRUCTURE

TOTAL 4.92 EXCELLENT

Aesthetics and Appearance:

Weighted Mean (X) = [261(5) +30(4) +9(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300= 4.84

Parking Area Capacity:

Weighted Mean (X) = [292(5) +5(4) +3(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.96

Organization of Structure:
Weighted Mean (X) = [289(5) +8(4) +2(3) +1(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.95

Total Weighted Mean: (4.84+4.96+4.95)/3= 4.92

The table presents the results of the design evaluation on the first scheme of the
Conceptual Design of a Three-Storey Parking Building. The ratings of the selected
300 people on the design: the aesthetic appeal and appearance was rated as excellent
with weighted mean of 4.84; parking area capacity was rated as excellent with
weighted mean of 4.96; organization of structure was rated as excellent with
weighted mean of 4.95. Thus, the total weighted mean on the 1st scheme is 4.92,
which is rated as excellent by the respondents.
SCHEME 1
 B. Scheme 2: A large open-air Three-storey Precast Parking Structure,
fenced with glass railings which consists of a 45- degree parking bay
that allows 108 parking spaces with two-way traffic flow both entrance
and exit. Single Helix Ramps and a glass elevator are also provided.

DESIGN POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY EXCELLENT WEIGHTED DESCRIPTION

CRITERIA (1) (2) (3) GOOD (5) MEAN
(4)
AESTHETIC 0 0 18 42 240 4.74 EXCELLENT
APPEAL

PARKING AREA 0 2 39 36 223 4.60 EXCELLENT

CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION 2 2 121 175 4.56 EXCELLENT

OF STRUCTURE

TOTAL 4.63 EXCELLENT

Aesthetics and Appearance:

Weighted Mean (X) = [240(5) +42(4) +18(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300= 4.74

Parking Area Capacity:

Weighted Mean (X) = [223(5) +36(4) +39(3) +2(2) +0(1)]/300= 4.60

Organization of Structure:
Weighted Mean (X) = [175(5) +121(4) +2(3) +2(2) +0(1)]/300= 4.56

Total Weighted Mean: (4.74+4.60+4.56)/3= 4.63

The table presents the results of the design evaluation on the second scheme of
the Conceptual Design of a Three-Storey Parking Building. The ratings of the
selected 300 people on the design: the aesthetic appeal and appearance was rated as
excellent with weighted mean of 4.74; parking area capacity was rated as excellent
with weighted mean of 4.6; organization of structure was rated as excellent with
weighted mean of 4.56. Thus, the total weighted mean on the 2nd scheme is 4.63,
which is rated as excellent by the respondents
SCHEME 2
 C. Scheme 3: An open-rectangular shaped 3 storey Cast-in-Place Concrete
Parking Structure which composed of a 90-degree parking bay that
allows 166 parking spaces with two-way traffic flow, an Exterior
Circular Ramp (intended for vehicle exit) and two car lifts. Elevators are
also provided.

DESIGN CRITERIA POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY EXCELLENT WEIGHTED DESCRIPTION

(1) (2) (3) GOOD (5) MEAN
(4)
AESTHETIC APPEAL 0 0 1 20 279 4.93 EXCELLENT

PARKING AREA 0 0 4 15 281 4.92 EXCELLENT

CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION OF 0 0 0 8 292 4.97 EXCELLENT

STRUCTURE

HYGIENE AND 0 3 5 10 282 4.90 EXCELLENT

SANITATION

TOTAL 4.93 EXCELLENT

Aesthetics and Appearance:

Weighted Mean (X) = [279(5) +20(4) +1(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.93

Parking Area Capacity:

Weighted Mean (X) = [281(5) +15(4) +4(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.92

Organization of Structure:
Weighted Mean (X) = [292(5) +8(4) +0(3) +0(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.97

Hygiene and Sanitation:

Weighted Mean (X) = [282(5) +10(4) +5(3) +3(2) +0(1)]/300 = 4.90

Total Weighted Mean: (4.93+4.92+4.97+4.90)/4 = 4.93

The table presents the results of the design evaluation on the third scheme of the
Conceptual Design of a Three-Storey Parking Building. The ratings of the selected
300 people on the design: the aesthetic appeal and appearance was rated as excellent
with weighted mean of 4.93; parking area capacity was rated as excellent with
weighted mean of 4.92; organization of structure was rated as excellent with
weighted mean of 4.97; hygiene and sanitation was rated as excellent with weighted
mean of 4.90. Thus, the total weighted mean on the 3rd scheme is 4.93, which is rated
as excellent by the respondents.
SCHEME 3
 CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter discusses the summary, conclusion and recommendation on the

Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Story Parking Building in Iligan City.

Summary:

1. According to the comments and suggestions from the interview with the 20
randomly selected respondents, Iligan City is currently facing problems in
traffic congestion due to the increasing number of vehicles and illegal
parking. With these existing problems, this study conceptualizes a design
that will be the basis for the Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Story
Parking Building.

2. The following methods were followed in gathering the data: (1) interview
some people regarding on what would be the best features on the Proposed
Conceptual Design of a Three-Story Parking Building, (2) Incorporate the
comments and suggestions that serve as an outline for the Proposed
Conceptual Design of a Three-Story Parking Building, (3) Three conceptual
design scheme was created by the researchers that aims to solve the problems
currently in Iligan City, (4) A survey was conducted to 300 individuals
selected randomly to choose the best scheme, (5) The final scheme of the
conceptual design for the Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Story
Parking Building was rated by rated by 300 people using the rubrics

3. Based on what we have calculated, the results are as follows: the total
weighted mean on the Scheme 1 is 4.92, on the Scheme 2 is 4.63, and on the
Scheme 3 is 4.93. as the results, the three schemes were rated as excellent
and Scheme three got the highest rate therefore Scheme three has the best
features for the Proposed Conceptual Design of a Three-Story Parking
Building.
Conclusion:

Based on the findings, the researchers come up with this conclusion.

The third design scheme which is an open-rectangular three storey Cast-

in-Place Concrete Parking Building which composed of a 90-degree parking
bay that allows 166 parking spaces with two-way traffic flow, an Exterior
Circular Ramp (intended for vehicle exit) and two car lifts and elevators are
also provided was the one with the highest ratings of all three schemes
making the most appropriate conceptual design for three storey parking
building.

Recommendations:

Based on the gathered data & results, the researchers of this study would like
to recommend the following:

1. The final conceptual design of a three storey parking building should be

implemented by the City Government to improve the economic status
of Iligan City.

2. Future researchers could come up with a complete plan and structural

design analysis of the selected scheme.

3. Other researchers should come up with an estimate of the total cost of

this conceptual design.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESOURCES:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/multistorey_car_park
http://thearchitetchphilippines.blogspot.com/2016/02/parking-and-loading-space-
requirements.html

https://ccdcboise.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/CCDC-Boise-Parking-Structure-Design-
Guidelines_2016-Final-Draft-08-04-2016.pdf

PD 1096 (NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES)

 APPENDICES

Scheme 1 3D Model in Google Sketchup

 DIRECTION: Evaluate the design based on the points given on every category
(Lowest 1- Highest 5)

Kindly put a check to the best of your judgement

SCHEME 1

DESIGN CRITERIA POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY GOOD EXCELLENT

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
AESTHETIC APPEAL

PARKING CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION OF
STUCTURE

SCHEME 2

DESIGN CRITERIA POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY GOOD EXCELLENT

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
AESTHETIC APPEAL

PARKING CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION OF
STUCTURE

SCHEME 3

DESIGN CRITERIA POOR AVERAGE GOOD VERY GOOD EXCELLENT

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

AESTHETIC APPEAL
AND APPEARANCE

PARKING CAPACITY

ORGANIZATION OF
STRUCTURE

HYGIENE &
SANITATION