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Superheater
Steam
Reheater
drum
Economizer
Feedwater
Boiler
Heater Boiler
feed pum
Flue gas
Fly ash
Burners
Coal
Flue + fly a
Air
heater
Headers
Forced
fan
2018-08-07
Mr Marinus Potgieter
20268890@nwu.ac.za
INGM 427
PUMP SELECTION
• Pump head, flow rate and best efficiency point
• Nett positive suction head
• Primary and secondary losses
• Pump curve vs. system resistance curve
• Operating point, efficiency, power and NPSH
• Impeller sizes and pump speeds
PUMP SPECIFICATIONS
Uses and classification
• Pumps come in various shapes and sizes and the applications vary
greatly. From small vehicle fuel pumps to massive boiler feed pumps.
• By definition a pump is a mechanical device which causes flow of liquids
or slurries.
• In INGM 413 you studied the action of angular momentum addition
and velocity changes which then increase the pressure through a pump.
• This module will focus on large centrifugal type pumps for heavy
industry.
• Such pumps are classified according to industry / application and if it is
a high pressure / high flow requirement.
• Uses include water circulation, transport and distribution networks,
feed water system pumps, condensate extraction pumps, bearing oil
pumps, slurry transport, and dredging.
KSB
Royal IHC Netherlands
Multistage centrifugal
Single stage centrifugal
70
80
60 70
60
50
Pump Head (m)
% Efficiency
10 50
NPSHR (m)
1.5
0
1.0 10
10
0.5 0
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hour)
PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES
Efficiency curves are usually indicated in this way:
70
60
50
Pump Head (m)
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hour)
SYSTEM RESISTANCE
Total pressure, static pressure, dynamic pressure
• A flow with certain a velocity has momentum and this contributes to an
addition to the static pressure (pressure of the fluid would it be
brought to a standstil) if measured into the flow direction.
p0 pstatic 12 V 2 gz
• Or in terms of head:
V12 V22 p
H1 z1 H 2 z2 H
2g 2g g
SYSTEM RESISTANCE
Pressure Losses
• Although only valid for certain flow conditions (moslty incompressible
newtonian liquids, no lossis) this gives us a good idea of the pressure a
pump would typically have to overcome in a system with pressure
losses.
p0, L pe 12 Ve2 gze pi 12 Vi 2 gzi Constant
fL
p0, L 1
2 V 2 K 12 V 2
DH
• The system resistance can be defined as the total change in height plus
the pressure loss in the system, which would have to be overcome by a
pump in order to achieve a flow.
SYSTEM RESISTANCE
Primary Pressure Losses
Moody Chart
Relative Roughness
Friction Factor f
Reynolds Number Re
SYSTEM RESISTANCE
Secondary Pressure Losses
SYSTEM RESISTANCE
The System Resistance Curve
• From the explanation on pressure loss, it is clear that changes in
elevation, velocity and other parameters will affect the pressure losses
in a system.
p0, L f V , z
p0,L
• In terms of head loss: HL
g
SYSTEM RESISTANCE CURVES
System head loss for a range of flow rates
Reference Density ρ = 1000 kg/m3
70
60
50
Head Loss (m)
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hour)
PUMP OPERATING POINT
Pump Performance vs. System Resistance = Operating Point
Reference Density ρ = 1000 kg/m3
70
60
50
Head Loss (m)
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hour)
PUMP OPERATING POINT
Pump Operating Point
• You are used to reading a “y” value from a chart by using a known “x”
value.
• But with the pump curve, the intersection with the system resistance
curve shows the pressure which the pump must reach when
connected to that system in order for flow to occur.
• The resulting flowrate can be therefore read from this overlay plot
along with the pump efficiency and power requirements.