4.3.

2 Phase II – Participatory Design

During the Participatory Design phase, visually impaired participants of study would be
gathered in a room and briefed upon the problem and the goal of the workshop. A total of ten
experimental tasks and two user scenarios (shown in Figure 4.3 and 4.4 respectively) would be
presented to the user before the workshop begins. During the design studio workshop, user is asked
to think of a possible gesture and it is not limited to one type of gesture. User should present their
preferred gesture after two minutes of thinking for one task and other users are allows to comment
on the gesture design. The final set of gestures would be selected based on highest agreement score
for each design and a high fidelity prototype of the design is designed.

4.3.3 Phase III- Design Experiment

After the mock-up of the design are done, visually impaired participants of study are
gathered again to try out the design. The first experiment is to obtain task completion time and
recall time of gestures for existing Android accessibility gestures. The second experiment is done
to obtain task completion time and recall time of gestures for proposed gesture set. The
experimental procedure are as follows:

Step 1: The research briefs the visually impaired participants of study about the goals
of experiment.
Step 2: The research explains the tasks to be carried out and about the time
ticks.

Step 3: The research started the experiment by saying out the first task and the
timer is turned on.
Step 4: The research records the first time lap as Recall Time of Gesture

Step 5: The research records the second time lap as the Task Completion time once
the task is successfully completed.

Step 6: The researcher records the System Usability Scale respond for existing
Android accessibility.

Step 7: Steps 3 to 6 is repeated for proposed gesture set.

Step 8: The researcher debriefs the experiment and thanks the participants.

After the results of the experiment has been recorded, the average task completion time,
average recall time of gestures and usability of pre-existing gesture set and proposed gesture set is
analysed and compared to calculate the efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction of use of gestures
for both design sets. The actual design solution is developed after modifications on the prototype
is made
4.4 Expected Outcome

This section explains on the expected outcome of the study. Expected results of task
completion time, recall time of gestures and satisfaction of user for current would be detailed out
in the Table 4.3.

Task Recall Time of Gestures Task Completion Time SUS

(seconds) (seconds) Scale
Start End Duration Start End Duration Rating
Dial 0 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.92 0.36 2
Number

Erase 0 0.78 0.78 0.78 1.23 0.45 3

number

Place 0 0.67 0.67 0.67 1.27 0.40 2

call

Answer 0 0.87 0.87 0.87 1.10 0.23 4

call

Hang up 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.32 0.82 3

call

Reject 0 0.56 0.56 0.56 1.20 0.64 2

call

Select 0 0.62 0.62 0.62 1.19 0.57 4

contact
 Search 0 0.78 0.78 0.78 1.67 0.89 3
Contact

Next 0 0.56 0.56 0.56 1.33 0.77 2

Contact

Previous 0 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.29 0.64 3

Contact

Table 4.3 Expected Outcome for Existing Design

The expected outcome is used to calculate the expected Average of Task Completion Time
and Expected Recall Time of gestures for current Accessibility Design which is outlined as
follows:

𝑛
∑𝑖=1(𝑇𝑒i – 𝑇𝑠i)
Average, Tc =
𝑛
∑ (0.36 + 0.45 + 0.40 + 0.23 + 0.82 + 0.64 + 0.57 + 0.89 + 0.77 + 0.64)
=
10
5.77
=
10

= 0.577s

𝑛
∑𝑖=1(𝑇𝑝i – 𝑇𝑠i)
Average, Tr =
𝑛
∑ (0.56 + 0.78 + 0.67 + 0.87 + 0.50 + 0.56 + 0.62 + 0.78 + 0.56 + 0.65)
=
10
6.55
=
10

= 0.655s