Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT)

MDT Overview and Applications

Overview

• Wireline Formation Testing

• Brief History
• The MDT Tool

• MDT Applications-Examples

• Standard Tool with Sample Chambers

• Virgin Reservoirs
• Developed Reservoirs
• Pressure Validation-Supercharging
• Optional Modules
• PVT sampling, Low Shock Sampling, Sample Quality
• In-situ Permeability and Anisotropy Determination
• MDT Stress Testing

• MDT Competition
Evolution of formation testers

FT RFT MDT Modular

Formation Repeat Formation Dynamics
Tester Formation Tester Tester

Electrical Power

Hydraulic Power

Probe

Dual-probe Dual
Packer
Flow control

Optical Fluid Analyzer

Multisample

Sample

Sample

Pumpout

1955 - 1975 1975 - Present 1991 - Present

 MDT modular design
Standard tool modules
• Electrical power
• Hydraulic power
• Single probe
• Sample chambers

Optional tool modules

• Dual-probe
• Flow-control
• Dual-packer
• Multisample
• MPSR 450 cc PVT
• SPMC 250 cc Single Phase
• Pumpout
• Optical Fluid Analyzer
Wireline formation testing

Pretesting

• A probe is set onto the borehole, sealing it

from the drilling fluid

• A small volume of formation fluid is withdrawn,

followed by a buildup

• From the analysis of the data, formation pressure,

drawdown and buildup mobilities are obtained
Single probe and flowline sketch
CQG

Isolation
Valve

Equalising
Pumpout module
Valve F
l
o
w
Strain l
i
Single
Probe
Multisample module(s)
Gauge
n
e
(MRPS) (Six 450cc samples)
Pretest
B
u
s
Sample chamber(s)
Front
Shoe
Packer
Resistivity/
Temperature
Cell
(1, 2 3/4, or 6 gallon)
Articulated

Filter
Flowline
Optical fluid
Back-up
Probe
Pistons
Telescoping
Pistons
analyzer module
Filter
Valve

Single probe
MRPS BLOCK module

Packer module
MDT tool specifications

Hole Size Maximum Rating

Max
Min Max with Kit
Single-probe 5 in. 61/4 in. 141/4 in. 19 in. 20 kpsi† 400°F†
(12.7 cm) (15.9 cm) (36.2 cm) (48.3 cm) (138 mPa) (205°C)

Multiprobe 6.3 in. 75/8 in. 131/4 in. 15 in. 20 kpsi† 400°F†
(16 cm) (19.4 cm) (33.7 cm) (38.1 cm) (138 mPa) (205°C)

Dual-packer 5 in. 6 in. 12 in.§ — 20 kpsi† 300°F‡

(12.7 cm) (15.2 cm) (30.5 cm) — (138 mPa) (150°C)

†350°F(175°C) and 15 kpsi with the CQG* quartz gauge and/or the Optical Fluid Analyzer module
‡275°F(135°C) in oil-base mud
§Maximum hole size depends on the packer installed. Larger packers are available for larger hole sizes.

For HPHT jobs, a WTSR-A gauge in memory mode can be used.

 MDT gauge specifications

Specification Strain Gauge CQG* Quartz Gauge WTSR-A

Accuracy 0.10% full scale† 2.0 psi + 0.01% 5 psi (175°C)
of reading 10 psi (190°C)
Repeatability 0.06% full scale† 1.0 psi -
Resolution 0.001% full scale at 0.003 psi at 1-sec 0.1 psi at 1-sec
0.14-sec sampling sampling sampling
(0.1 psi for a 10-kpsi gauge)
Temperature rating 400°F (205°C) 350°F (175°C) 374 °F (190°C)
†90% confidence limit
MDT dual packer range

PART DESCRIPTION SIZE TEMP OIL

NO RATING BASED
DEG F MUD
YES
B034284 KLEBER 500 5.0” 275 NO

B034184 TAM 506 SE 5 1/16” 225 YES

B033566 TAM 525 IE 5 1/4" 325 NO

B031485 TAM 550 IE 5 1/2" 225 YES

B031486 TAM 619 IE 6 3/16” 225 YES

B031488 KLEBER 675 6 3/4" 275 NO

B031487 TAM 700 IE 7.0” 225 YES

B034733 TAM 700 SE 6020 7.0” 260 YES

B033567 TAM 700 SE 7.0” 325 NO

B032094 KLEBER 725 7.25” 275 NO

The packers will safely inflate The SE packers are built with steel
to 1.5 x their diameter slats and will not return to original
diameter after inflating
Sampling applications

Fluid Analysis - OFA, MRPS, MRPO

•Oil/Water fraction
•Gas detector
•Filtrate contamination
•Oil typing
•Resistivity

Low Shock Sampling - MRPS, MRPO, MRMS, MRSC, MRCF

•Unconsolidated formation
•Sampling above the bubble / dew point at reservoir temp.
•Continuous flow to minimize contamination
Sampling applications

Single Phase Sampling - MRPO, MRMS, SPMC

• monophase capture, recovery, and transfer

Dual Packer Sampling - MRPA, MRPO

• Viscous oils
• Unconsolidated formations & laminations
• Fractured, vuggy or tight formations

Guard Probe - MRPS, MRPD, MRPO, MRFA

• Minimal contamination configuration with the multi probe
Pressure applications

Pressure - MRPS, MRPA, CQG

Gradient Analysis - MRPS, MRPA, CQG

• Contact determination
• Fluid identification
• Reservoir continuity

Permeability - MRPS, MRPD, MRPA, MRPO

• Mobility determination
• Vertical & horizontal permeability
• Investigating heterogeneity

Stress Testing - MRPA, MRPO

• Fracture analysis
The MDT tool - features / benefits

Single Probe Module

Feature Benefit

Variable pretest chamber size Increased pretest success ratio,

faster surveys, improved data quality

CQG-fast dynamic response with Faster surveys, improved data quality

Quartz Gauge resolution

Flowline Resistivity Cell Downhole fluid identification for

better fluid samples

Telescoping backup pistons Hole size range 6 to 14 inches w/o kit

Bottomhole Testing Eliminates rat hole footage

The MDT tool - features / benefits

Sample Chamber Modules (1, 2 3/4 and 6 gal)

Feature Benefit

Several chambers can be combined Multiple samples in one trip (faster

surveys)

Throttle valve of chambers keeps Better fluid samples

sampling pressure above bubble point

With the Pumpout Module, Resistivity Cell and Optical Fluid Analyzer,
it is possible to identify and discard the mud filtrate and collect
multiple fluid samples in a majority of cases
The MDT tool - features / benefits

Pumpout Module

Feature Benefit

Can pump formation fluids
from formation into the borehole
(Max. ∆p = 3500 psi, Max. rate 45 cc/s)
Clean the mud filtrate from the
formation before collecting fluid
samples. Also used as a flowrate
source for Multiprobe, Packer and
Packer-Probe tests

Can pump formation fluids In-situ Stress Testing for formation

into the formation mechanical properties

Can pump with pump up/down Low shock sampling: overpressured

mode samples and less contamination

Pumpout Module is also used to Inflate

the Dual Packer Module packer elements
The MDT tool - features / benefits
Multiprobe Configuration (Flow Control+Dual Probe+Single Probe Module)
Feature
Flow Control Module can withdraw
1 liter of formation fluid with
controlled rate (Max: 220 cc/sec)
With multiprobe configuration
it is possible to pump out from
single probe and sink probe
simultaneously
Flow Control Module can withdraw
formation fluids with very low rates
Benefit
With the Multiprobe Configuration
horizontal and vertical permeability
and porosity compressibility
product can be determined
Less time to clean the filtrate
and less contamination in
samples
Can sample with low drawdown: in
unconsolidated formations and in
reservoirs with pressure close to
Pb/Pd. Can do flowback test after
stress testing
The MDT tool - features / benefits

MultiSample Module

Feature Benefit

Has 6 sample chambers, each Can have multiple PVT quality

450 cc with transport valve samples ready for transportation
to PVT lab without transfer

The MultiSample Module may use chokes and/or Throttle Valves and/or
Flow Control Module to control the flowrate of the water cushion
while sampling. The objective is to reduce the drawdown during sampling.

Can carry Oilphase SPMC The samples remain as single phase

PVT bottles (250 cc each), even at surface conditions, desired
which close downhole for asphaltene and aquifer studies;
No dead volumes, better samples
The MDT tool - features / benefits
Dual Packer Module
Feature
Can isolate 3.2 ft (or more) of
formation between two inflatable
packers
Can be combined with Single
Probe Modules
Flow area is much greater than
the area of the probe
Benefit
A” mini-DST” can be performed
to determine permeability,
especially in cases where the probe
can not be set or used. With pumping
into the formation, Stress Tests can be
performed
Vertical Interference Tests can be
performed to determine permeability
and anisotropy
Higher rates with less drawdown
avoiding formation breakdown or
gas/condensate production
The MDT tool - features / benefits
Optical Fluid Analyzer Module
Feature
Can identify mud filtrate, oil, water
or gas in the flowline even for oil
based mud, provided there is color
contrast between OBM filtrate and
formation hydrocarbon
Benefit
Better samples with less contamination
In-situ bubble point determination
possible with gas detection
New developments show oil typing
is possible
MDT Applications - standard tool with sample
chambers

Virgin Reservoirs

• Identifying fluid types with in-situ densities

• Identifying fluid contacts

• Identifying vertical and horizontal flow barriers

• Estimating permeability and tuning log responses

• Reservoir fluid sampling

• Pressure Validation-Supercharging
Identifying fluid types, densities and contacts

Gradients gives in-

situ fluid densities
(psi/ft)
Gradients showing vertical barrier

Pressure difference in 2.3 ft

TVD, indicating possible
barrier
Borehole images

A shale barrier is evident in

the FMS images, causing the
pressure difference between
zones. It is quite hard to
determine this thin shale
with conventional logs
Integrated presentation using GeoFrame POLARIS

All open hole logs and

MDT pretest results can
be displayed using
GeoFrame Polaris
software

Polaris is also used to

make individual pretest
interpretation,
multiprobe, packer-
probe test and mini-frac
test interpretation
Vertical and horizontal flow barriers
Effects of transition zone - water wet reservoir

Resistivity Saturation Profile MDT Pressures

h = Height above water table

∆ρg
∆ρ
h= Pc/∆ρ

Water /Oil Contact

Free Water Level

0 Sw 100
Effects of capillary pressure- OBM invading tight water zone

MDT Pressures
Oil phase pressure at wellbore
is higher than water phase pressure
in reservoir

Phase pressure

pc= po-pw

Observed free Oil

water level

Water
True free water
level
Radial distance from wellbore
Vertical flow barriers
RFT vs MDT Pretest

Pretest rate was

decreased, resulting
with a good pretest.

Default pretest rate.

Full 20 cc volume was used
(RFT imitation). Test is dry.
Drawdown Pretest, rate not decreased

Though drawdown was

limited, pretest rate
was not decreased
leading to the
undesirable “S” shape
Volumetric pretest - rate decreased

Pretest rate was

decreased, resulting
with a good pretest
Pretest flow regime identification
Derivative groups
Pretest flow regime identification
Specialized analysis plots
Supercharging - Formation pressure profile

3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400

8200
8250
8300
8350
Depth (feet)

8400
8450 Supercharged
8500 points
8550
8600
8650
8700

Formation Pressure (psia)

Supercharging is the extra pressure read by a wireline tester due to mud pressure
charging the near wellbore region. Depends on overbalance, mud and formation
permeability, fluid saturations and time of survey after exposing the zone to mud.
 Successive pretests

Successive pretests show

decreasing “formation pressure”

Drawdown pretests with low rate

(i.e. 15 cc/min); wait for stable
pressures

In this case, static filtration is

negligible, there is possibly
good mud cake and supercharging
is caused by the events prior
to mud-cake formation

Note that successive pretest may

not relive all the “excess”
pressure due to limited volume.
The dual packer module may be a
better solution.
Probe pressure vs. mud pressure steps

Hydrostatic
CQG, Transients
Tool
psia Tool set
retract
Initial buildup
(Supercharged)

Step 4

Step 3
Pretest
Step 2
Strain, Bleed off
psig Step 1

Hydrostatic

Time, sec
In this case, mud cake permeability is getting closer to formation permeability.
Supercharging is dominated by continuing static filtration and probe
pressures are sensitive to mud pressure.
Probe pressure vs. mud pressure supercharging
correction

EXTRAPOLATION PLOT
2949.00
2948.50
2948.00
PROBE PRESSURE

Vprobe = Vhyd LINE

2947.50
2947.00
2946.50
2946.00 Extrapolation LINE
2945.50
2945.00
2944.50
2944.00
2940 2990 3040 3090 3140
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Packer pretest to overcome supercharging

Test No Packer Depth Overbalance Packer Pressure Probe Pressure Drawdown

Mobility
ft psi psi psi md/cp
1* xx428 1000 2459 2470 1.3
2* xx551 1000 2449 2465 1.0
3* xx570 1000 2381 2647 0.1
4* xx587 1000 2306 2552 0.1
5 xx03 1600 2409 2443 0.8
6 xx58 1222 2775 2773 7
7 xx48 557 3102 3115 0.3
8 xx30 1400 2308 2305 7
MDT Applications - standard tool with
sample chambers

Developed Reservoirs

• Characterizing vertical and horizontal flow barriers

• Estimating permeability along the wellbore

• Providing information on vertical permeability

• Individualization of reservoir lenses

• Monitoring flood performance

• Reservoir fluid sampling

• Valuable data for reservoir simulation

Time lapse pressure profiles
Reservoir simulation - history matching of pressure
profiles
 MDT pressure profile in
horizontal wells

Well crossing a tight section

in a sandstone reservoir

Well crossing a sealing fault in a carbonate

reservoir
Mobility vs flow profile
Pressure profile in
a development well
 MDT fluid sampling

• Two Main Reasons to Sample

• Confirm the presence of hydrocarbons
• Fluid Properties

• Fluid Composition is Everything

• ‘recipe’ for the fluid, determines all properties
• Goal is to get the reservoir recipe to the lab

• Two Main Risks

• Pressure drawdown can change composition
gases can come out of liquids: volatile oils, wet gases
solids can come out of liquids: asphaltenes, waxes
liquids can come out of gases: condensates
• Mud filtrate can add extra ingredients to composition
significant WBM filtrate might be tolerable in and oil sample
must have low OBM filtrate in an oil sample
worst case: OBM filtrate in liquid which drops out of a condensate
MDT applications - Optional modules
Sampling

Modules:

1. Pumpout: To pump the Mud Filtrate from the formation until reservoir fluid
is identified with the Resistivity Cell or the Optical Fluid Analyzer. Also used for
low shock sampling

2. Optical Fluid Analyzer: To differentiate mud, mud filtrate, oil, water and gas
during cleanup and sampling

3. Multi Sample Module: Has six 450 cc bottles with water cushion (MPSR’s)
Can have Oilphase SPMC bottles (250 cc) for single phase sampling

4. Flow Control Module: Can act like the water cushion receiver, controlling
sampling drawdown. Very low flow rates ~ 1 cc/sec can be achieved.

5. Packer Module: Can help reduce drawdown during cleanup and sampling

6. Dual Probe+Single Probe Module: Can help reduce contamination (Guard Probe)
Typical MDT sampling string

Pumpout module

Multisample module(s)
(Six 450cc samples)
Sample chamber(s)
(1, 2 3/4, or 6 gallon)
Optical fluid
analyzer module
Single probe
module

Packer module
Optical density

I
T=
I
1
I I D = log { }
T
T D
100% 0
10% 1
l 1% 2
Optical Density (D) is linear 0.1% 3
with path length 0.01% 4
Absorption of water and oils

4.0

Crude A Crude B
Oil base Water
Optical mud filtrate
Density
(OD)
Condensate

Diesel
0.0
500 1000 1500 2000
Wavelength, nm
OFA gas detector

Wellbore fluids’
minimum θ c

Gases
Total reflection
if gas

Liquids

Sapphire

Fluid

Mostly refraction
if liquid
OFA-OBM spectral presentation

Optical Absorption
Visible Spectrum
Spectrum
10 Discrete λ Channels
Oil/Water
Fraction Water
channels “6,7 & 9”

Hydrocarbon
channel “8”

Highly
Water
Absorbing Fluid
Fluid Flag Coloration
“Mud” Hydrocarbon
Diesel

500 1000 1500 2000

Wavelength (nm)
Low drawdown sampling technique

Applications
Critical fluids (condensates, volatile oils)
Keep liquid in the gas
Keep gas in the liquid
Low permeability
Hard to get a low drawdown
Loose formations

Benefits
Improved composition
Confirmation of piston movement

Technique
Receive MPSR water cushion into MRCF-CA
Direct control of rate or pressure
Lowest drawdown possible (few psi)
Lowest flowrates possible (< 1 cc/s)
Low drawdown technique -
modules
Why will there always be some filtrate?

Invaded
zone

Lower vertical
permeability and
sampling close to a
Probe barrier will result in
cleaner samples

Virgin
formation
MDT applications - Optional modules
sampling techniques

SEAL SEAL SEAL

VALVE VALVE VALVE
TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT
VALVE VALVE VALVE

DRAIN DRAIN DRAIN

VALVE VALVE VALVE

WATER
CUSHION
150 psi HYDROSTATIC
AIR CHOKES
PRESSURE
CUSHION
AIR
150 psi
AIR
PRESSURE

RECYCLE RECYCLE RECYCLE

VALVE VALVE VALVE
FLOWLINE BUS FLOWLINE BUS FLOWLINE BUS

AIR CUSHION WATER CUSHION LOW SHOCK

PChamber << PFormation PChamber < PFormation PChamber > PFormation
Sampling - Air cushion, throttling and resistivity cell

• Throttling needs
good mobility

• How to set the

parameters are not
always clear

• Sample is flashed
inside the chamber
• Smaller volume
• Asphaltenes may
precipitate
MDT - low shock sampling

Outlet to
Borehole ● Pumpout phase is the
same

● No pressure/flowrate
disruption when seal
valve is opened
Sample
Chamber
Water outlet - no shock to sandface
to Borehole - no change in filtrate
- no flashing of fluids
Pump
● Sample is over-pressured
Formation by 3500 psi with the pump
Sample
Point
Low shock sampling, OBM, 5 % contamination

Pump
Hydraulic
Pressure Optical density
Channels

Oil
CQG- Fraction
Pressure

Pump Speed

Fluid
Coloration)
Sampling in loose formations-probe selection

• Key is to minimize drawdown during

pretesting, cleanup and sampling
• Cleanup with quite low pump speed
• Consider using gravel packs (limited
experience)
• Consider using dual packer
• Low shock sampling needed
Single phase sampling - Oilphase SPMC

Applications
Asphaltenes
Aquifer studies
Surface transfer

Benefits
Asphaltenes stay in solution
Rapid wellsite validation/evaluation
Closes downhole, no sample loss due to dead volumes

Techniques
Overpressure sample (aspect of low shock)
Low temp reservoirs only
SPMC (single phase multisample chamber)
All reservoirs, smaller volume (250 cc)
 SPMC Operating Procedure

Closing sample chamber downhole

MDT Flowline
• Floating piston moves against the
closure device

• Central rod moves simultaneously Closure Device

closing the sample chamber and
nitrogen chamber

Central Rod
Reservoir Fluid
Buffer Fluid
Pressure Compensating Fluid
MDT
Nitrogen Dump
Chamber
 Sampling p-T characteristics

Pressure
- hydrostatic + 3500 psi
- preset gas cushion
pressure
- hydrostatic pressure
‘single phase’ pressure -
reservoir pressure - - reservoir pressure
- flowing pressure
asphaltene precipitation
phase separation
precipitation pressure -
phase sep. pressure ---
‘low shock’ pressure -

opening pressure -
(conventional) Temperature
Tsurface Treservoir
Sampling with guard probe
Oilphase Field Fingerprint Analysis (FFA)
Fluid Composition - back to pure reservoir fluid

100

Live Fluid 17048 Residual Liquid

Live Fluid 17049 Residual Liquid

10
Weight Percent

Expected Compositional
Trend

0.1

DBR Fluid Properties Inc.

0.01
M&P-XYLEN
C2-BENZEN
MCYCL-C6

O-XYLENE
MCYC-C5
BENZENE

TOLUENE
CYCL-C6
N-C4

N-C5

C24+
I-C4

I-C5

C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C3

C6

C7

C8

C9

Component
Role of permeability in
reservoir characterization

• Vertical / Horizontal Well performance

• Gas or water coning

• Formation crossflow

• Gravity drainage

• Flood performance

• Definition of reservoir units

• Reservoir simulation
Permeability data sources

• Core plugs

• Transient pressure testing

• Reservoir performance

• Wireline formation testers

• Drawdown mobility profile

• Pressure profiles

• Vertical and horizontal permeability profiling

MDT applications - optional modules
Multiprobe and Packer configurations

Flow Rate Sources

• One liter with controlled rate (FLOW CONTROL MODULE)

• Downhole pump (PUMPOUT MODULE)

• Sample chambers (1, 2 3/4 or 6 Gal)

Probe / Packer Configurations

• Multiprobe system (dual probe + 1 or 2 single probes)

• Multiple single probes

• Probe / packer configurations

Test procedure for permeability and anisotropy testing

• Set all probes and/or dual packer

• Perform pretests on each probe

and or packer

• Create a drawdown using flow control,

pumpout or a sample chamber at the
sink probe or packer

• Monitor the pressure response at the

A pressure observation probes
response at least
20 times gauge
resolution is needed
for interpretation
Overview of test analysis

For an infinite homogeneous-anisotropic

medium and with constant rate:

The response at the vertical probe is given by:

qµ 1
∆p v = 460.42 Ω - .........................(1)
z pk h v πνvt

The response at the horizontal probe is given by:

qµ 2
∆ p h = 230.21 Ω - .........................(2)
rw kh kv h πνht
Overview of test analysis - Flow Regime Identification

Spherical flow (slope = - 0.5)

Radial Flow (slope = 0)

 Overview of test analysis-Spherical Time Function

Using the Extrapolated Pressure Drop

Horizontal mobility can be calculated as

kh q
= 460.42
µ z p∆p v(∞)

Vertical mobility can be calculated from

kh kv qΩh
= 230.21
µ r w∆p h(∞)
Overview of test analysis-verification

• Spherical time function results are input to a non-linear

minimization routine coupled to a model

• Verification plots are generated, showing the match between

the simulated and observed pressure drop at the monitor probes

• For multiprobe and packer-probe tests, analysis possible

without rate information, using pressure-pressure convolution

t
∆p v(t) = ∆p h(τ) G (t-τ)dτ
0
Reservoir characterization applications / examples

• Integration of CMR, DSI, FMI and Core data with MDT

• 4-Probe configuration

• Packer (mini-DST) and Packer/Probe tests

• Packer tests in horizontal wells

• Packer in-situ stress tests

MDT, DSI, CMR, Core and FMI
in carbonate formation
 4-probe test across
stylolite-FMS image

0.8

measured pressure

vertical probe 2 ∆p, psi

computed pressure
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
time, s
 4 - Probe test in a layered system

60

50

Layers with vuggy porosity

40
MDT layer
perm, md

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Core plug air perm, md

 Dual- packer-probe
OFA - fluid identification

Pressure, psi
Pumpout period

Two oil samples

Ce1
Oil Fraction
Oil and Water Fr.

2
Water Fraction

Time, sec
Dual packer transient
interpretation
1e+03
Pressure
Pressurechange
change
Pressure derivative
Pressure derivative
1e+02
Pressure and Derivative, psi

1e+01

Ce1
1e 00
2

1e-01

1e-02
1e-01 1e 00 1e+01 1e+02 1e+02
∆time, sec
Average core plug vs MDT test permeabilities

1,000

Horizontal Permeability
Vertical Permeability
Core Plug Average Permeability, md

100

10

0.1
0.1 1 10 100 1000
MDT Test Permeability, md
Packer test in horizontal well

z
x
y

Tight layer

Hemi - spherical Flow

Radial Flow in z-y plane
 Reservoir permeability and scales

Permeability calculated from field or lab data reflect values within a "scale"
• Micro-scale : Level of pores and grains

• Macro-scale : Core plugs. On a larger scale log responses

• Mega-scale : Pressure transient tests, simulation grid blocks

• Giga-scale : Whole reservoir, surface seismic

MDT - In situ Stress Testing

Wireline

Pumpout module
P
Pressure gage
Inflate seal
valve

Packer

Interval seal
P
valve 1m

Packer
P
Sliding
coupling

Flow control
module

Sample
chamber
MDT In-situ stress testing
Magnitude and orientation
MDT Competition - RCI job North Sea (Oilphase report)

Run 1

Sample Chamber no Chamber Measured depth Date Base oil

no volume (ft) contamination
(%)
1 1954xa012271 11 L X354 22:04:98 17
4 1973xa184312 600 cc X354 22:04:98 12

Eighteen litres were pumped prior to taking the above samples

Run 2

Sample Chamber no Chamber Measured depth Date Base oil

no volume (ft) contamination
(%)
1 1956xa154560 4L X300 24:04:98 15
2 1973xa366459 600 cc X300 24:04:98 11
3 1954xa364061 10 L X353 24:04:98 18
4 1973xa184313 600 cc X353 24:04:98 N/A

Nineteen litres were pumped prior to taking sample 1. Six more litres were pumped
and sample 2 was taken. A further thirty five litres were pumped prior to taking
sample 3.