FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECV3511 GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

SEMESTER 2017/2018

LAB TITLE: TRACKING,NAVIGATION Format report

AND MAPPING. MARKS
DATE OF PRACTICLE: 2nd November Front Page
2017 5
GROUP NO: E Table of Content,
No. Matric No. Name List of Figure,
1 193231 AHMAD HAKEEM List of Table
BIN ABD KARIM 5
2 192383 NOR AZRAEI BIN Work of Schedule
NOR KADIM 5
3 193959 AIDA NAZIRA Abstract/Introduction
BINTI ZULKIFLI 5
4 193957 ANGELA CHIENG Objective
CHUI FEI 5
5 193233 NURJANNAH Equipment/apparatus
BINTI AMIR 5
Methodology/procedure
10

NAME OF LECTURER: PROF. MADYA DR. Result & calculation

ZULHELMI MOHD 15

NAME OF TEACHING ASSISTANT: SIR Discussion

HALRIE ILKKHAM BIN SIBARUDDIN 15
Recommendation
NAME OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER:SIR 10
WAN ZAKARIA BIN WAN YUSOF Conclusions
5
DATE OF SUBMISSION:9TH NOVEMBER
Bibliography
2017
5
Appendices
5
Effort
5
Total
100
 GEOMATICS ENGINEERING ECV3511

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGES
Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of Tables 1
Work Of Schedule 2
Abstract / Introduction 3
Objective 4
Equipment / Apparatus/ Materials 5
Methodology / Procedure 6-10
Result and Calculation 11-16
Discussion 17-18
Recommendations 19
Conclusion 20
Bibliography / References 21
Appendices 22-26
Efforts 22-26

LIST OF TABLES /GRAPH

CONTENT PAGES

Apparatus 5

Results 6-10

LIST OF FIGURES

CONTENT PAGES

Apparatus 5

Appendices 22-26

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WORK OF SCHEDULED

CONTENTS PERSON IN CHARGE

Table Of Content , List Of Figures , List Of Nurjannah Binti Amir

Table

Work Of Scheduled Nurjannah Binti Amir

Abstract / Introduction Aida Nazira Binti Zulkifli

Objective Aida Nazira Binti Zulkifli

Equipment / Apparatus Ahmad Hakeem Bin Abd Karim

Methodology / Procedure Ahmad Hakeem Bin Abd Karim

Result & Calculation Nor Azraei Bin Nor Kadim

Discussion Nurjannah Binti Amir

Recommendations Aida Nazira Binti Zulkifli

Conclusions Nurjannah Binti Amir

Bibliography / References Angela Chieng Chui Fei

Appendices Angela Chieng Chui Fei

Efforts Angela Chieng Chui Fei

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INTRODUCTION
This class will introduce Garmin handheld GPS (GPSMAP@76CSx) and Leica GPS
RS20.Handheld GPS is usually used by the public for positioning and navigation while ground-
based GPS such as Leica GPS RS20 is usually used for land survey and other high precision
mapping. Handheld GPS gives 3 to 10 meter accuracy while ground-based GPS could provide
millimetre level accuracy horizontally but with slightly less precise vertical measurements.

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OBJECTIVES

1. To be familiar on using the GPS.

2. To display the position on a map using suitable software, and it may offer directions.

3. A GPS device can retrieve from the GPS system location and time information in all
weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth.

4. To indicate roads or paths that might be taken to get to the destination .

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EQUIPMENT

Equipment Function
GARMIN Handheld GPS
It is a global navigation satellite system that provides
geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver
anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS
satellites
Laptop
To process the data into map design using
mapsourse, expertGPS and autocad.

To connect the GPS to PC for transferring the data.

Cable

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METHOPOLOGY/PROCEDURE

Handheld GPS Instrument

First, go to satellite interface. The main interface provides the current

position, satellite distribution, and number of received signal and signal
strength. Then, your current coordinate system was set up by press “pages”
button until main menu interface appears on the screen. Then, select “setup”
menu and press “enter” button. The setup menu interface was appeared
screen. Choose “units” menu and the unit setup interface will appear.

After that, in the “units” interface, your desired coordinate system was set up.
We use Malaysia Coordinate system that is:

i. Position format is West Malayan RSO

ii. Map Datum is Kertau 1948
iii. Distance/Speed in Metric
iv. Elavation (vert.speed) in Meters (m/sec)
v. Depth in meter
vi. Temperature in Celsius
vii. Pressure in milibars

Go to “satellite” interface, wait for better accuracy and stable signal, press
“enter” button and hold until “mark waypoint” interface appear. Mark waypoint
is used to save current location.

After determining desired location name, button OK was clicked to save it. You
can also navigate your way to specific location by entering the specific
coordinate in “location” field. Then, for navigation purpose, press “find button
and then “find” interface will appear. Select “waypoint” and press enter.
“Waypoint” interface will appear and select your desired point for your
navigation.

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Exercise 1
For our group (group E), we must find latitude (3⁰00’18.1”) and longitude (101⁰43’11.2”)

First, GARMIN hand-held GPS was on. Old data in the GPS was clear up.

Our current position was setting up by press “pages” button until main menu
interface appears on the screen.

Then, select “setup” menu and press “enter” button. The setup menu interface
was appeared screen.

Choose “units” menu and the unit setup interface will appear and then,
our desired coordinate system was setting up.

After that, go to “satellite” interface, wait for better accuracy and stable signal,
press “enter” button and hold until “mark waypoint” interface appear.

Our location name was determined and OK should be click to save.

Our location name was determined and OK should be click to save. Then, click
go and reached our destination

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Exercise 2

To save coordinate, go to position and press button “remark” and record the
data.

First, 10 different building have been selected. Using GARMIN Handheld GPS,
coordinate of each corner of building together elevation data was saved.

Then, 5 different road have selected. Using GARMIN Handheld GPS,

coordinate of each corner for two side of road together elevation data was
saved.

For lake, the coordinate of each corner of lake also was taken using
GARMIN Handheld GPS and was saved.

Lastly, one place that have elevation was selected. Position and elevation of that
place have got and saved.

1. The data have been download from device into laptop/PC by using the
USB cable.

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DOWNLOAD AND UPLOAD DATA FROM DEVICE

First, Map Source software should be install in your laptop. Then, GARMIN
Handheld GPS was connected to your laptop via USB cable to download data
from device. To download data from device to your laptop is easy, that just
click “receive from device” icon and done.

To view data that have been collected, just click “waypoint” and data will show
in screen.

For search a location with known coordinate, click on “find>>fine place”. Then
fine your place.

Lastly, click “find” and a list of waypoints will appear in “place”. “Make
waypoint” should be click and the known coordinate will put in “waypoint
properties ”. For example insert the coordinate for temporary bench mark in
Faculty of Engineering UPM N3⁰0.505’ E101⁰43.222’.

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Exercise 3

To generate contour map using the data that have been collected, Expert GPS and Autocad
software should been install in laptop/PC

The data have been download from device into laptop/PC by using the USB
cable.

The map of place that have coordinated was create by using the Expert GPS
software. Insert data into this software and find place to get map.

For contour map, using the Autocad software by insert the elevation data
into that software.

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RESULT AND CALCULATION

EXERCISE 1

Figure1

This is the position for this coordinate:

LATITUDE (NORTHING) LONGITUDE (EASTING) REMARKS

3˚00’ 18.1” 101˚43’11.2” 001

We have to key in the latitude and the longitude into the hand-held GPS. Then, the GPS will
show the direction to the coordinate that has assigned to it.

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EXERCISE 2

LAKE

NORTHING ( EASTING( LONGITUDE) ELEVATION REMARKS

LATITUDE)
3˚00’ 18.00” 101˚43’11.5” 46 L002
3˚00’ 18.23” 101˚43’11.0” 46 L003
3˚00’ 18.50” 101˚43’10.4” 46 L004
3˚00’ 18.80” 101˚43’10.1” 46 L005
3˚00’ 19.20” 101˚43’10.1” 45 L006
3˚00’ 19.70” 101˚43’10.4” 45 L007
3˚00’ 20.30” 101˚43’10.4” 45 L008
3˚00’ 20.60” 101˚43’10.1” 45 L009
3˚00’ 21.10” 101˚43’11.4” 45 L010
3˚00’ 21.90” 101˚43’12.1” 46 L011
3˚00’ 22.20” 101˚43’12.1” 45 L012
3˚00’ 22.80” 101˚43’13.2” 44 L013
3˚00’ 22.30” 101˚43’14.2” 45 L014
3˚00’ 21.30” 101˚43’16.2” 45 L015
3˚00’ 21.00” 101˚43’16.4” 46 L016
3˚00’ 19.00” 101˚43’15.5” 46 L017
3˚00’ 17.70” 101˚43’14.1” 47 L018
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’13.0” 48 L019
3˚00’ 17.40” 101˚43’12.2” 47 L020

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BUILDING

3˚00’ 16.70” 101˚43’12.8” 48 B(A)0021

3˚00’ 16.40” 101˚43’12.6” 47 B(A)0022
3˚00’ 16.20” 101˚43’14.4” 47 B(A)0023
3˚00’ 16.80” 101˚43’14.5” 47 B(A)0024
3˚00’ 17.10” 101˚43’14.0” 47 B(B)0025
3˚00’ 17.50” 101˚43’14.4” 47 B(B)0026
3˚00’ 17.80” 101˚43’14.9” 47 B(B)0027
3˚00’ 17.60” 101˚43’15.2” 47 B(B)0028
3˚00’ 17.50” 101˚43’14.4” 47 B(C)0029
3˚00’ 17.90” 101˚43’15.0” 46 B(C)0030
3˚00’ 18.20” 101˚43’15.6” 47 B(C)0031
3˚00’ 18.00” 101˚43’16.1” 47 B(C)0032
3˚00’ 18.40” 101˚43’16.4” 47 B(D)0033
3˚00’ 18.60” 101˚43’16.7” 47 B(D)0034
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’16.9” 47 B(D)0035
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’16.5” 47 B(D)0036
3˚00’ 16.40” 101˚43’16.7” 46 B(E)0037
3˚00’ 16.10” 101˚43’16.4” 45 B(E)0038
3˚00’ 17.20” 101˚43’15.6” 46 B(E)0039
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’15.7” 46 B(E)0040
3˚00’ 17.50” 101˚43’15.6” 46 B(E)0041
3˚00’ 17.70” 101˚43’15.7” 47 B(E)0042
3˚00’ 17.80” 101˚43’16.1” 48 B(E)0043
3˚00’ 17.10” 101˚43’15.3” 48 B(F)0044
3˚00’ 17.00” 101˚43’14.8” 47 B(F)0045
3˚00’ 15.60” 101˚43’15.4” 48 B(F)0046
3˚00’ 15.80” 101˚43’16.0” 48 B(F)0047
3˚00’ 15.10” 101˚43’16.0” 48 B(G)0048
3˚00’ 14.80” 101˚43’16.5” 48 B(G)0049
3˚00’ 14.60” 101˚43’16.4” 48 B(G)0050
3˚00’ 15.40” 101˚43’16.7” 49 B(G)0051
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’16.9” 49 B(H)0052
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’17.2” 49 B(H)0053
3˚00’ 15.20” 101˚43’17.8” 50 B(H)0054
3˚00’ 14.70” 101˚43’17.3” 50 B(H)0055
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’15.1” 50 B(I)0056
3˚00’ 16.30” 101˚43’15.2” 50 B(I)0057
3˚00’ 16,30” 101˚43’14.7” 50 B(I)0058
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’14.4” 50 B(I)0059
3˚00’ 16.20” 101˚43’12.1” 50 B(J)0060
3˚00’ 16.40” 101˚43’11.6” 50 B(J)0061
3˚00’ 16.50” 101˚43’11.6” 50 B(J)0062
3˚00’ 16.60” 101˚43’11.4” 50 B(J)0063
3˚00’ 17.60” 101˚43’10.4” 50 B(J)0064
3˚00’ 18.30” 101˚43’11.0” 50 B(J)0065
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’11.9” 50 B(J)0066
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’11.8” 50 B(J)0067
3˚00’ 16.90” 101˚43’12.5” 50 B(J)0068

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ROAD (R) AND ELEVATION (E)

3˚00’ 24.20” 101˚43’12.4” 50 R(1)0069

3˚00’ 24.50” 101˚43’12.4” 50 R(1)0070
3˚00’ 24.30” 101˚43’12.0” 50 R(1)0071
3˚00’ 24.70” 101˚43’12.1” 51 R(1)0072
3˚00’ 24.30” 101˚43’11.8” 51 R(1)0073
3˚00’ 24.70” 101˚43’11.7” 51 R(1)0074
3˚00’ 24.20” 101˚43’11.8” 51 R(1)0075
3˚00’ 24.30” 101˚43’11.6” 50 R(1)0076
3˚00’ 20.50” 101˚43’10.1” 50 R(1)0077
3˚00’ 20.50” 101˚43’09.8” 52 R(1)0078
3˚00’ 20.10” 101˚43’10.1” 52 R(2)0079
3˚00’ 20.20” 101˚43’09.9” 52 R(2)0080
3˚00’ 19.60” 101˚43’10.0” 52 R(2)0081
3˚00’ 19.50” 101˚43’09.6” 52 R(2)0082
3˚00’ 17.50” 101˚43’09.9” 52 R(2)0083
3˚00’ 17.60” 101˚43’09.6” 52 R(2)0084
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’09.9” 53 R(2)0085
3˚00’ 17.00” 101˚43’09.6” 53 R(2)0086
3˚00’ 17.30” 101˚43’10.2” 53 R(2)0087
3˚00’ 17.00” 101˚43’10.2” 53 R(2)0088
3˚00’ 16.90” 101˚43’10.7” 52 R(3)0089
3˚00’ 16.80” 101˚43’10.7” 52 R(3)0090
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’12.2” 52 R(3)0091
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’12.1” 52 R(3)0092
3˚00’ 15.10” 101˚43’12.7” 52 R(4)0093
3˚00’ 15.30” 101˚43’17.9” 52 R(4)0094
3˚00’ 15.30” 101˚43’14.8” 52 R(4)0095
3˚00’ 15.10” 101˚43’14.9” 52 R(4)0096
3˚00’ 15.20” 101˚43’15.1” 53 R(4)0097
3˚00’ 15.00” 101˚43’15.2” 52 R(4)0098
3˚00’ 15.10” 101˚43’15.5” 53 R(4)0099
3˚00’ 15.30” 101˚43’15.4” 53 R(4)0100
3˚00’ 15.70” 101˚43’16.2” 53 R(5)0101
3˚00’ 15.50” 101˚43’16.2” 53 R(5)0102
3˚00’ 15.60” 101˚43’16.5” 54 R(5)0103
3˚00’ 15.80” 101˚43’16.4” 54 R(5)0104
3˚00’ 15.80” 101˚43’16.2” 54 R(5)0105
3˚00’ 15.20” 101˚43’15.6” 54 R(5)0106
3˚00’ 17.40” 101˚43’15.7” 54 R(5)0107
3˚00’ 17.50” 101˚43’14.1” 54 E0108
3˚00’ 17.60” 101˚43’14.1” 53 E0109
3˚00’ 17.60” 101˚43’14.0” 52 E0110
3˚00’ 17.70” 101˚43’13.5” 52 E0111

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EXERCISE 3

REFERENCES:

Building = A-J

Road=1-5

Figure 2 shows Map of digitize roads, building and the lake.

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Figure 3 shows contour Map of the roads, building, lake and the elevation.

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DISCUSSION

Global Navigation System (GPS) is a worldwide radio navigation system found fro the
constellations of 24 satellites and their ground stations.GPS use the satellites as references point
to calculate the positions which it can receive signal from at least four satellites.The
constellation providing signal from space and transmitting positioning and timing data.US
Department of Defences (DOD) has develop GPS originally for military use which has develop
started 1970’s and fully operate in 1995.

In this practical, we had use Garmin hand-held GPSMAP 64s to do the tracking and
navigation. Basically there are two types of GPS which are :

GPS Characteristics on Accuracy

Hand-held GPS 3 to 10 metres accuracy

Ground-based GPS Millimetres level accuracy

Tables 1 shows the types of GPS and their characteristics on accuracy.

In Exercise 1 , we are told to locate a horizontal control point with the given coordinate
which is:

NORTHING (LATITUDE) EASTING (LONGITUDE)

33° 00ʼ 18.1ʼʼ 101° 43ʼ 11.2ʼʼ

Table 2 shows the given coordinate of waypoint that we have to locate.

Before we commenced to find the waypoint, we have to setup the receiver’s map units to
Maps Datum:WGS84.Make sure to clear any previously stored waypoints from receiver
memory.After entering the coordinate given, we started to move according to the direction
shown in the GPS and reach the waypoint which was besides the library of Faculty of
Engineering.

After reaching the waypoint,another group which had the same coordinate with our group
also reach their waypoint but our position is slightly different for about 0.5metres distances
between each other. So,we find out that it may occur because our number of received signal
and signal strength from the GPS may be differ from the other group.

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In Exercise 2, we are required to select 10 different buildings,5 differents roads and lake.We
have to take and save the coordinate for each buildings,roads and lake and also the elevation
data using the same GPS device that we use in conducting exercise 1.We start out to take the
coordinate of the lake with total 12 points and remark it as L(002) to L(020).Next,we took the
coordinate for each corner of 10 building which remarks as B1(021) to B10(068) with total
waypoint,58 points.For roads, the total waypoint was 43 points which remark as R1(069) to
R5(111).Lastly for elevation, we took 4points and remarks as E(112) to E(115).So, the total
coordinate that we took is 113. All these coordinate is automatically saved inside the Hand-
held GPS.

After we have taken all the required coordinate, we transferred the data into ExpertGPS on
PC by using a cable that provided by the lab assistant. We can saw clearly all the waypoints
that we took.The photo appears show the exact position of each waypoints but we noticed that
some waypoints did not appears in the exact position on where we took it.

Hence,can conclude that there might be some error that occur while we using the GPS.For
instance,the GPS may receive less number of signal and have lead to weak signal
strength.Thus,before we click “MARK” on the GPS, we must check on the signal distribution
of the GPS. We have to stand in one place with the GPS unit away from our body for a few
minutes to get a sufficient number of satellites with strong signal strengths. The accuracy of
the readings will be very poor if we were rushed to collect of data.

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RECOMMENDATION

 The battery of the Handheld GPS must be full in order to accomplish the work without
any disturbance.

 The previous data need to reset to avoid confusion between new data and old data and
make the new setting for the new data.

 The number of coordinates of the point that key in the Handheld GPS must be correct
to avoid the Handheld GPS give the wrong direction.

 The consistency of position place in order to take the coordinates of point due it have
different coordinates inside and outside building.

 The mark of the location must not be too far from the location to get the accurate of
the coordinate.

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CONCLUSION

GPS is originally designed for US military forces but GPS has evolved to fulfill tasks never
imagined in its original designer’s requirements.It now being used across the world in a variety
of applications . One of the first considerations on using the GPS is determining the number of
satellites that will be available for the particular area before collect the data. We need to make
sure that the GPS that we use is well operate .We also need to consider the number of received
signal and signal strength in order to get high accuracy of reading data.Hence, there is still
room for improvement for GPS and through R&D and we will find it being used more and
more in our daily lives.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES

 Lab manual

 https://www.coursehero.com/file/11262444/Mapping-and-GPS-Lab-Report/

 https://engineering.purdue.edu/~asm215/Laboratory 9_GPS.doc

 GEO 465/565 Lab 5 – GPS Data Collection & Mapping

http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/gis/Arc9Labs/Lab5_GPS.pdf

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APPENDICES/EFFORT

Activities during the lab session:

 The picture that we took after reach the waypoint for Exercise1

 Took the reading by using GPS.

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 Record the reading from GPS.

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