Pelton turbine - Impulse type

Objective:
Document the pelton turbine's performan'ce
Reduce data yoµ will collect to a dil!lel'l!sionless groups
Equations used:
hydraulic power input (IL P. I) =p v g H ! kW
where:
v Discharge lit/s
H Total head meter of water
, ll=H
' s +Hd

,H
s
= p 2 • 1.0196 * 10-
1
- b.24
v 2
f
2g = o.os1 * vr
Hs Static head
H0 :Dynamic head
p2 : pressure gauge reading kPa
v f , Flow velocity at gauge

v v /"1000
'VF' =--r =
10. 92*10- 4
g gravitational acceleration
3
p water density kg/m

Turbine power output (p) =(T * w)/10

3
kW

where:
T Torque ,on turbine shaft N,m
w angular velocity of turbine shaft
2 lT N
'
w = ~~-
60

N Shaft rotational speed rpm

Turbine power output

Turbine efficiency (7! 0 ) = !
Hydrau1ic power input

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 ----- ------

At the point of maximum efflciency

1 5 4
N N ·vTl _,, H• P • I _,, - 6 /. H
l.J '
s 0

rr d 60 .
Runner tip speed Ratio (v) = - L026 _,,

where:

d : Runner tip diameter = 13.25 cm

C : Velocity Coefficient= 0.95
v
Record the following variables

p = pressure gauge reading

2

N = Speed of rotation
T = Torque
h = point gauge reading

Procedure:

1. Adjust the pump speed until you get a pressure reading on

gauge (P ) according to table.(l).
2

Table. (1) speed range for different values of ( p )

2

(kPa) speed range (r.p.m)

-T No. OF Readings '1
P2 I
I I

80 16_0 910 10 '1

120 260 1400
'1 10
I I
160 355 2000 ~ 10
200 470 2250 10
. _________ J
I
2. Adjust the field voltage· control 6f the dynamometer to
obtain Ten different speeds.
. • . . . i '

3. Calculate the total dynamic head available at the turbine

nozzle , taking ·into account the !turbine and pressure
gauge elevation· relat'ive to each other , the velocity of
the water in. the pipe at the poirlt where the pressure
gauge is attached. '

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 30

4. Calculate the flow rate according to

v "' IJ • IJ 14 ll2 ' 5

where:

v Discharge lit/s
h point gauge reading cm

5. Use the dynamometer to determine torque (N.m).

6. Use the speedometer to determine the rotational speed(N).

7. Obtain another set of readings at this head by adjusting

the field voltage control of the dynamometer

8. For each data point calculate :

- turbine power output

- hydraulic power input
- turbine efficiency
- runner speed Ratio

9. Repeat the . previous steps for different heads at speed

ranges indicated in table.I

Experimental records:

Pz = constant = kPa

H
1
= constant = m of water
~
v1 = constant = lit/s
vF constar~t - m/s
H.P.I ! constant = kW
I

R
I
rpm
N
I
l
T N.m
I I
I
I I I I I

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calculated values:
I I
~
I
l I I
w rad/s I I
I I I I II
I
p kW I~ I
i
I
i Ii
7lo % I i
I
II I I
I
,I I 1' 1' I, i'
I I 1, I I I
v ) I I I
'1 I I I I I

p2 constant = kPa

H constant = m. of water
2

Q2 = constant = lit/s

v F2 constant = m/s

H.P.I 2 constant = kVl

N rpm

T N.m
I I I I
calculated values:

I w rad/s II II !
1,

II
I p kW II __)___
I

II I
I
II
I
I
I II I
l 7)

0
I :,
I,
%
I

I
I I
II
I
I1
I --+---1
I I
I

t-~----~--~--~-~--~!--~I- _~1--~-~-__J I

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 32

Requirements:
:L Plot all data on a 9rlllpb v111rsus(v) as horizontal axis and
efficiency , turbine Pl'*'•r output as vertical axis.

2. Compare the efficiency curves at different heads.

J. Plot a graph showing the turbine power output at the

best efficiency point versus head.

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Velocity Diagrams_:.,

Given data:

Relative velocity ratio ( = ,95

0
Buckets defle~tion angle (8) 165
Pitch circle diameter (Op) = 8. 25 Cm
Jet (or Nozzle) diameter (dJ) = 13 mm
velocity coefficient ( = ~95

Results from experiment:

Total dynamic head (H)

Rotational speed
Discharge ( Q)
Turbine power output (Pf
Turbine efficiency (n )
, 'o

Torque (T)

Specific speed

Equations used:
IT N
Bucket speed (u) = ~~~-
60

Nozzle exit velocity (C ) = c ·I 2 g H

1

Wz
Relative velocity ratio (K)

Degree of reaction (R)

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~-tfl1~·~~-~~--t~~~
Cf>
I I
' I
I!
I I
' I
t !
I1 Ii
\l
1I
!I
II
'i
! I
11
j ~
11
! ~

I! \ -
e.--- --
_J
1,

I\
11

. !, I
trrl I- -
r-·--
'!

'
f 1I

'--·---
f~
r-\_.~

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