3rd International Conference on Materials and Reliability

Jeju, Korea, Nov. 23-25, 2015

A Technical Review of Cold-Stretching for a Cryogenic Storage Tank

Y. H. Lee1*, K. M. Jang1, J. H. Lee1, J. H. Kim2 and H. S. Choi2

1
Korea Gas Safety Corporation, ChungCheongBuk-Do, Korea
2
Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering, ChungNam Nat’l University, Daejeon, Korea

*
Corresponding author: yhlee@kgs.or.kr

1. Introduction
3. Technical Review of Cold-Stretched Material
Austenitic Stainless Steel, especially STS-304 is
a common material to make a cryogenic storage Because of plastic deformation of material, many
tank. If it is forced stress which is over yield important properties are changed. In this case,
strength, it makes plastic deformation to the tensile and impact test at a temperature of -170
material. After remove stress, the material has a degrees Celsius is an important factor.
higher yield point.
It can be applied to an inner tank of cryogenic
storage tank. After over yield strength is forced to
an inner tank by water pressure for a period of time,
it has higher strength than before. For this reason,
the inner tank of cryogenic storage tank after
cold-stretching is thinner than traditional methods,
and it makes to produce more cheaply.
Cold-stretching method has to be apply very
carefully because of thinner thickness which is over
40% than traditional method. This paper provides
an overview of international regulations and
standards of cold-stretching, and technical review
of cold-stretched material.

2. International Standards of Cold-Stretching Fig.1 STS-304 Tensile Test before

Cold-Stretching
There are some international standards of
cold-stretching. In case of ASME, it was studied on
code case 2596 for few years, and then is
registered on ASME BPVC Sec. VIII Div. 1
mandatory appendix 44 in 2013. It provides general
requirements about cold-stretching, materials and
allowable design stress, fabrication process,
stamping and certification, etc. These international
standards about cold-stretching has some different
contents, but most of specifications are same.
Table 1 A Comparative table of Cold-Stretching
Standards

Allowable CS Thickness
Standards
Design Stress Pressure Calculation
ASME PR
Fig.2 9% Cold-Stretched STS-304 Tensile Test
270 1.5~1.6 t 
Sec.VIII, Div.1 SE  0.6P
The result showed Cold-Stretched material’s
EN13458-2 Da p yield strength is 70% higher than before at room
273 1.5 s c
20(K / S )v  p temperature, and 30% higher at -170 degrees
ISO21009-1
Celsius. However, tensile strength is not changed
EN13530-2 Da p much.
273 1.33 s c
20(K / S )v  p
ISO20421-1
4. Conclusion
Re/1.5 C
AS 1210 1.5 t min 
(R m  A5 )1/ 3 The weakest parts of a cryogenic storage tank
Rm/2.5
are welding and attached parts. For applying in

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Proceedings of ICMR 2015 334 ICMR2015_242
 3rd International Conference on Materials and Reliability
Jeju, Korea, Nov. 23-25, 2015

practice to manufacture a cryogenic storage tank,

many advanced researches for safety has to be
carried out.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Power
Generation & Electricity Delivery Program from the
Korea Institute Energy Technology Evaluation and
Planning(KETEP) through a grant provided by the
Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy
(MOTIE).(2013101010176A)

References
[1] J. I. Johansson, Austenitic stainless steel
pressure vessels, United States Patent Office
(US3456831), July 22, 1969.
[2] B. D. Cha, Y. H. Lee, K. M. Jang and J. H. Lee, A
review on cold-stretching LNG storage tank
fabrication and technology, The Korea Institute
of Gas, 2015
[3] ASME BPVE Sec.VIII, Div.1
[4] EN 13458/13530
[5] ISO 21009/20421
[6] AS 1210
[7] H. S. Choi, J. H. Kim, K. K. Oh, S. H. Na, S. H.
Kim and T. Y. Jeong, Mechanical and fatigue
behavior of AISI304 for cold stretching pressure
vessels at cryogenic temperature, Transactions
of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers,
2015. 4, 322-323.

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