Winter 2017 CME362 Engineering Math II

Name: Student No: Tutorial Session:

Tutorial 6.

Problem 1. Solve the ODE, showing the details of your work.

𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 1 − 4𝑥 3
Solution:

The characteristic equation is

𝜆3 + 2𝜆2 − 𝜆 − 2 = 0
(𝜆2 − 1)(𝜆 + 2) = 0

It has three real roots

𝜆1 = −2, 𝜆2,3 = ±1

The homogeneous solution is

𝑦ℎ = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
The particular solution to the ODE is

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐷𝑥 3 + 𝐸𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑥 + 𝐺

Substitute it into the ODE, we have

D=2, E=-3, F=15, G=-8

The final solution is

𝑦ℎ = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 8
Problem 2. (a) Convert the second order differential equation to a system of first order differential
equations, (b) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the system. Show the details of your work.

𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ − 24𝑦 = 0
Solution:

a)

𝑦1′ = 𝑦2
𝑦2′ = 24𝑦1 − 2𝑦2
𝑦1
Setting 𝑦 = [𝑦 ], we get in matrix form
2

0 1 𝑦1
𝑦 ′ = 𝐴𝑦 = [ ][ ]
24 −2 𝑦2
Winter 2017 CME362 Engineering Math II

b)

The characteristic equation is

det(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼) = 𝜆(2 + 𝜆) − 24 = 0

This gives the eigenvalues 𝜆1 = 4, 𝜆2 = −6.

The corresponding eigenvectors

1 1
𝑥 (1) = [ ], 𝑥 (2) = [ ]
4 −6

Problem 3. We consider a weightless beam of length L and constant cross section and
homogeneous elastic material. The elastic modulus is E and the moment of inertia is I. As
shown in the Figure, the beam is clamped at its left end and simply supported at its right
end. Please calculate the deflection y(x) when a uniformly distributed load f(x)=f0 is
applied. The relationship between the deflection y(x) and the applied load can be
expressed as an ODE
𝑓
𝑦 𝑖𝑣 (𝑥) = 𝐸𝐼0 = 𝑘 (k is a constant)

f0

x
L

Solution:

Integrate both sides of the ODE four times, we have

𝑘 4 𝐴 3 𝐵 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷
24 6 2
We have the following boundary conditions

𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦(𝐿) = 0, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0, 𝑦 ′′ (𝐿) = 0

Then we can solve out

5𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿2
𝐴=− , 𝐵= ,𝐶 = 𝐷 = 0
8 8
Winter 2017 CME362 Engineering Math II

So the final solution is

𝑘 4 5𝑘𝐿 3 𝑘𝐿2 2
𝑦= 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥
24 48 16