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DL SD NC
Pushover analysis is one of the performance-based design The pushover analysis procedure is as follows:
methods, recently attracting practicing structural engineers
engaged in the field of seismic design. The objective of a
performance-based design is achieved after the user and the Modeling & Design
structure in question. The engineer carries out the conventional - Perform analysis
design and subsequently performs a pushover (elasto-plastic) - Check assigned rebar data
15@3,000 = 45,000
unit : mm
1200
9000 4000 4000 9000
27200
•Eurocode
z Materials (Eurocode4:2004)
•Column: C30/37
•Beam: C25/30
•Wall: C30/37
z Applied Loads
Step 1.
1 Open the model file and perform analysis
1. Open “Pushover_2D RC structure.mgb” Pushover analysis is carried out in the post-processing mode
2. Click icon to perform analysis. after completing elastic analysis.
1. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Beam Section Data
2. Check on the section ID 21.
3. Check rebar data for Beam.
4. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Column Section Data
5. Check on the section ID 101.
6. Check rebar data for column.
1. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Design Code Design Code specified in the Concrete Design Code dialog is
2. Specify the code as ‘Eurocode2:04’. applied to calculate the capacity of members in pushover
3. Check [OK] button. analysis.
2,3
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2,4
1) Wall : In calculating the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate , θu, for wall , the value is
divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
2) Cold-worked brittle steel : If cold-worked brittle steel is used the total chord rotation capacity is
divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
3) Without Detailing for earthquake resistance : In members without detailing for earthquake
resistance the total chord rotation capacity is multiplied by 0.85 as per EN1998-3:2004 .
4) Smooth longitudinal bars : in members with smooth (plain) longitudinal bars without lapping in
the vicinity of the end region where yielding is expected, the total chord rotation capacity may be
multiplied by 0.575 as per EN1998-3:2004.
In order to calculate the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate, θu, the factor ‘γel’ is used. Since γel is differently applied for primary and
secondary
seco d y se
seismic
s c eelement
e e (γel = 1.5
. for
o pprimaryy se
seismic
s c eelements,
e e s, γel = 1.0
. for
o seco
secondary
d y se
seismic
s c eelements
e e s Ass pe
per EN1998-3:2004
99 :
A.3.1.1), the user can define Secondary Seismic Elements group. If Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined, all the elements are
considered as Primary Seismic Elements.
In this tutorial, Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined since pushover hinge properties are assigned to primary elements only.
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11
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In order to check or modify the hinge properties, click [Properties…]
button of the desired component.
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Step 6: Define Pushover Hinge Properties – PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Column
1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Column’. Coupled axial force-biaxial moment behavior is reflected by
2. Select ‘P-M-M in Status Determination’ option for Interaction calculating the flexural yield strength of a hinge considering the
Type.
3. Check on ‘Fz’ & ‘My’ component. effect
ff off axial
i l force.
f
4. Click [Apply] button.
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Step 7: Define Pushover Hinge Properties – PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Wall
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6
DY
Flexural Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.10b)
Hinge
DU
Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.1)
1 Right-click
4 5
1
Right-click
1
Right click
Right-click
1 3
For the detailed formula of the Target Displacement, refer to ‘ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF THE
TARGET DISPLACEMENT FOR NONLINEAR STATIC (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS, EN 1998-1:2004’. The
target displacement, which is obtained from the above, corresponds to the seismic demand of the Limit State of
Significant Damage (SD). Target displacement of the Limit State of Near Collapse (NC) is taken equal to that
off SD multiplied
lti li d by
b 1.5.
1 5 Target
T t displacement
di l t off the
th Limit
Li it State
St t off Damage
D Li it ti (DL) is
Limitation i taken
t k equall to
t
that of SD divided by 2.5.
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4
2
3
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Safety Verification Table displays the comparison results between the demand and
capacities of the elements as per EN1998-3:2004 Table 4.3. Safety verification shall be
conducted of both ductile and brittle elements respectively. For ductile elements,
verification will be conducted in terms of deformation using mean values of properties
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divided by CF.
CF For brittle elements,
elements verification shall be conducted in terms of strength
using mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.
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Capacity of RC structures for assessment in the Safety Verification Table (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)