Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
by
SABA ASIF
01153147
Applied Psychology
Research question
Introduction
Many people are facing the problems of acne and pimples now a day. Acne is a skin condition that
occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oily substance called sebum clogs pores and dead
skin cells. It often causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples, and usually appears on the face, forehead,
chest, upper back and shoulders. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all
ages.Almost all teens get acne. Every one want to have glow skin ; so, they look beautiful and admire. For
that purpose they use a number of products as imported soaps and creams, a variety of facewash
,lotions, gels and pads and herbal remedies. While others go to the dermatologist for their acne and
pimples treatment. Most of the girls feel inferiority complex and it also damage self-esteem. Acne isn't a
serious health risk, though severe acne can cause permanent scars. But the most important question
that arise here is what are the actual causes of acne and pimples on face? Why half of the
community is facing this problem? Is it something in their diets or some chemicals or cosmetic
products they use? Is the air pollution or environmental factors cause acne and pimples? Is there any
Theoretical Framework
pilosebaceous unit. It is a common skin disease with a peak prevalence in teenage years but
also occurs in girls pre-menarche and can continue to be a problem in women past adolescences.
Acne signs and symptoms vary depending on the severity of your condition.
It is not clear why some people are more prone to acne than others.
The exact cause of acne is not known, but hormones called androgens can play a role. Androgens
increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Androgens make the skin's oil glands get larger and make
more sebum. Androgens also can increase because of hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting
or stopping birth control pills.
Greasy foods. Eating greasy food has little to no effect on acne. Though working in a greasy area, such as
a kitchen with fry vats, does because the oil can stick to the skin and block the hair follicles. This further
irritates the skin or promotes acne.
Hygiene. Acne isn't caused by dirty skin. In fact, scrubbing the skin too hard or cleansing with harsh
soaps or chemicals irritates the skin and can make acne worse.
Cosmetics. Cosmetics don't necessarily worsen acne, especially if you use oil-free makeup that doesn't
clog pores (noncomedogenics) and remove makeup regularly.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns that some popular nonprescription acne lotions,
cleansers and other skin products can cause a serious reaction. This type of reaction is quite rare, so
don't confuse it with the redness, irritation or itchiness where you've applied medications or products.
Literature review
Acne vulgaris (acne) is a common dermatological condition typically associated with the adolescent
population. However, the condition is also prevalent and persistent into young girls with 64% of the 16 to
25-year-old and 43% of the 30- to 39-year-old male and female populations experiencing acne (Bhate &
Williams, 2013).
An independent clinical study was performed by "La Roche-Posay Laboratory in " Beijing, China, to
investigate the relationship between exposure to the most frequent industry- and traffic-related air
pollutants And geographical location I.e tropical regions of world. Airborne pollutants, such as
particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur
dioxide (SO2). Almost, in a recent research 556253 people on a globally survey were suffering from
acne and their causes.As NO2 exposure has been linked to pigment spot formation on cheeks in both
Caucasian and Asian women. (Larrieu S, Lefranc A, Gault G, et al. 2009).
In one large intercontinental, epidemiological study, the prevalence of clinical acne was reported on
geographical zones, 24% in Caucasian, 30% in Asian and 23% in continental Indian women. However,
acne type was found to vary between skin subtypes. Asian women were reported to have a higher
prevalence of inflammatory acne than comedonal acne (20% vs 10%), compared to Caucasian women,
for whom comedonal acne was more prevalent (14%) than inflammatory acne (10%).( Perkins AC, Cheng
CE, Hillebrand GG, Miyamoto K, Kimball AB. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007).
One epidemiological study in China that was conducted in 2007 explored the prevalence of greasy skin in
a metropolitan area and found that 25.6% of participants reported having greasy skin compared with a
nonpolluted area because working in greasy area is worsen skin acne. Skin quality changes were defined
as reduced vitamin E and squalene levels, which are known signs of sebum oxidation.In tropical regions
peoples are with worsen acne symptoms because ultraviolet radiation and sunlight are directly effect
skin.(Nouveau-Richard S, et al.2007;and Bernard D in 2015).
A related research on Pathophysiology of acne as an inflammatory disease was conducted for the
understanding of the pathophysiology of acne . Acne is accepted to have a multifactorial etiology, based
on three main observations: increased sebum production (under hormonal stimulation), abnormal
keratinization of the pilosebaceous duct, and it is becoming increasingly evident that acne is driven by an
inflammatory reaction to Propionibacterium acnes.(Dreno B, Gollnick HP, Kang S, et al. 2015 and
Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R, Zouboulis C in 2011).
Research Methodology
This research is about young females. To conduct this research, we took college students
who were female. The age of the females ranged from 15 years to 24 years. The females
belonged to different family backgrounds. There were 4 females and one moderators.
Research Setting
Researcher took the females to an empty ground and seated them in a peaceful
environment. Then researcher performed the research in the form of a focus group. Unstructured
Sampling
researcher randomly selected 5 females, who were relevant to our study, among them.
Procedure
shazia Irfan" from Dept.of Applied psychology. The purpose of study was briefed to the
participants and after obtaining informed consent from participants and then developing
rapport from carefully conducting unstructured interview for data collection on the problem ;
Recording of data
The data was audio recorded in a cell phone after developing full confidentiality from
the participants. When the focus group interview was completed the time taken by participants
during the interview was also noted. Then collected data was transcribed by the moderator or
researcher.
Transcription
Moderator: So, as you guys know that our topic today is causes of acne. I would like to hear
your views.
Subjects’ responses
Participant 1: …. well I think acne is caused due to poor working of stomach and
malnutrition….
Participant 2: …. but I think the cause of acne is pollution, I.e air and dust pollution. And college
going girls have increase risk of acne due dust pollution because their skin is very soft and
sensitive.
Participants3: ....umm ... I think ...acne can be produce on girls face who washes their face more
than twice in a day and use towel to dry face. Towel produce friction and pressure on soft skin.
The friction caused by scarfs and applying veil on face lead to pimples and acne on face.
Participant 4 :.… But i think acne can be transformed from one person to another in a family
because one person suffering with acne who use towel on face share towel with other siblings
or family members.
Moderator :....well I think acne worsen effect on people mostly seen in summer season so
Participant 3:.… I think you are right , it is seasonal effect because our skin become oilly in
participant 4: .... But it all depends on skin type. In my opinion , girls working in kitchen for a lot
Participant1: ... But all girls who work in kitchen does not complaints for acne. I think Acne also
arises on face when girls who uses oily lotion or cream on face before working in greasy
areas and villages are seen with people . l have experienced acne when ,once I went to village
on summer vacations.
Participant 1:.... I think it is also due to local cosmetics products usage ...And I remember I
once use a face whiting cream in summer and it was the starting of my face acne.
Participant 2: ....I think acne causes due to less drinking water intake in the body specially in
summer season.
Participants 4: .... It could be dietary effect because Mostly girls with acne are seen with eating
chocolates , fries and pizza. I like chocolates much and frequently I had stomach problem also.
Participant 2:....hmm....I also complaint for stomach problem whenever I ate Unhygienic food
from outside home l.e goolgappas and allo channy . And I love eating goolgappas.
Moderato :: …but what about those who have acne throughout the year ...? …whether it is
Participant 1: … acne worse during periods and in mostly girls at puberty have a high rate of
acne ,so I think it is due to hormonal changes at the time of puberty and it can also be a
Participant 3:... You are right . Everybody says acne start at the begining of puberty and we
should not touch or rub acne otherwise it leave scars on skin forever.
Participant 2: ...oh..ohhh....but .I used a lot of creams (golden pearl) and face pads when acne
started to began on my face . But my skin did not get rid of acne even i stop using cosmetic
products.
Participants 1: It could be dietary effect because Mostly girls with acne are seen with eating
unhygienic and oily food I.e , fries , samosas, pratha, shawarma and pizza. I like shawarma
Participant 4: .… in…. umm…. The girls who spend most time in working or studying may take
a lot of stress and during exams days mostly girls do not eat appropriately and therefore there
stomach don't work well due to mal nutrition and acne on face appear increasingly .
Participant 3: …. but everybody who take stress of exams do not complaint for acne I think
people who take heavy medicine due to some other illness or dieseas and their stomach is not
able to bear that heavy medicine and become cause of severe acneon face lm acne avoid
attending parties, becomes homesick and less socialize due to acne worsen.
Participant 3: ....Actually, girls face acne loss their confidens ,self-esteem and becomes
Participant2 :...I think acne on my face appear whenever I use cosmetics so my opinion in every
type of acne in any case we should take remedies from dermatologist that which cream or soap
is suitable for our skin type and not apply anything on face from which we are not aware.
Participant 3: .… yes , you are right . well it's mean now I should take care of my dietary plan as
Participant 4: .… well...I should avoid eating unhygienic food that are the big cause for my
acne .
Coding
Open coding. Axial coding. Selective coding.
Open coding
temperature
malnutrition
Hormonal imbalance Local cosmetics I.e Heavy medicine usage Overworking in
Seasonal effect Environmental effect Hormonal imbalances Oily and fast food
Tropical or subtropical
areas
siblings Chocolates
Local cosmetics Applying Veil and scarf Periods Working in greasy areas
on face
Axial Coding
causes causes
Oily and fast foods Face pads and Using scarfs and veil in Hormonal imbalance
of black color)
Unhygienic foods Using scarfs and Pollution I.e air and dust
and heat
Selective cocause
Discussion :
Acne is a dermatologic condition typically associated with the adolescent population but is increasingly
becoming prevalent in adults, particularly in wome.
It is seen that the causes of face ACNE are develop at puberty when androgen hormona enlarge
secretion of sebaceous gland that produce sebum and acne develops on face due to low androgen
secretion in girls . The second cause is due to the environmental factors. Many of the females
face difficulties of acne due to lack of awareness of cosmetics products. Many of them have
acne and pimples because they use oily lotions or creams before working in greasy areas like
kitchen and mostly in summer season. It is seen that every girl face acne due to hormonal
imbalances at the time of puberty and it may be agenetic factors. It is seen that some girls
rubbing and squeezed the pimples that causes worsen acne problems. Many girls are habitual of
applying veils and scarfs for maximum time of the day ,that is one of the cause of acne
especially in summers.According to DR. Jeffrey " Changing hormone levels in adolescent girls and
adult women two to seven days before the start of the menstrual are also cause of acne. Bcause of the
visibility of acne, it is known to have psychosocial and functional impacts that can influence patients’
perceptions regarding their self-appearance, particularly among women (Zauli et al., 2014).
Conclusion:
The causes of acne on the face of young girls are identified in this research study that face ACNE are
multifactorial and the biggest cause of it is environmental factor in which air pollution I.e dust ,smoke
,heat ,direct sunlight, UV rays) , unhygienic food , pathophysiological factors are involved.These factors
cause unbalanced PH of skin and reduced ability to glow.This study offers greater understanding of
causes of acne in young girls.
References
https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S131323.com
https://www.mayoclinic.org.acne.com
https://www.bioclarity.com
https://www.healthline.com
https://www.cosmopolitan.com