1.

MATTER

 is any substance which has mass and occupies space. All physical objects are composed
of matter, in the form of atoms, which are in turn composed of protons, neutrons, and
electrons.

 Matter is built from atoms. The most basic atom, the isotope of hydrogen known as
protium, is a single proton.

2. PHASE OF CHANGE OF MATTER

 solids, liquids, gases, and plasma phases

 solid is any matter in a form that has a definite shape and volume.

 liquid is any matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.

 gas is any matter that does not have a fixed shape or volume.

 Plasma is matter that exists in the form of high energy charged particles.

 Changing the amount of heat energy usually causes a temperature change. However,
DURING the phase change, the temperature stays the same even though the heat
energy changes. This energy is directed into changing the phase and not into raising the
temperature.

CHEMISTRY TERM PHASE CHANGE

Fusion/Melting Solid to a Liquid

Freezing Liquid to a Solid
Vaporization/Boiling Liquid to a Gas
Condensation Gas to a Liquid
Sublimation Solid to a Gas
Deposition Gas to a Solid

 Ionization occurs when a gas changes to plasma.

 Recombination occurs when plasma changes to gas.

3. KINETIC MOLECULAR MODEL

 The Kinetic molecular theory considers that atoms and molecules which make up the
matter are always in constant motion.

4. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

 are forces of attraction between unlike charges, partially positive and negative dipoles,
that occur between two molecules. They differ from bonds in that they are not as
strong and occur between two adjacent or neighboring molecules and not within the
molecule itself.
 forces that exist between molecules.

5. INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

 The forces of attraction that exist between bonds within a molecule.

 the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.

6. LONDON-DISPERSION FORCES

 the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary

attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions
that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced
dipole-induced dipole attraction.
 halogens (e.g., F2 and I2), the noble gases (e.g., Ne and Ar), and in other non-polar
molecules, such as carbon dioxide and methane.
 It is the weak intermolecular force that results from the motion of electrons that
creates temporary dipoles in molecules. This force is weaker in smaller atoms and
stronger in larger ones because they have more electrons that are farther from the
nucleus and are able to move around easier.

7. DIPOLE - DIPOLE INTERACTION

 result when two dipolar molecules interact with each other

through space.
 It occur when the partial charges formed within one molecule
are attracted to an opposite partial charge in a nearby
molecule.

8. ION DIPOLE INTERACTION

 the result of an electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has
a dipole.
 It is an attractive force that is commonly found in solutions, especially ionic compounds
dissolved in polar liquids.

9. HYDROGEN BONDING

 the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of

one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule.