DOI Number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00896.

Assessment of Mother’s Knowledge Toward Their Pre School

Children with Hypostatic Pneumonia in Babylon Hospital for
Maternal and Child in Babylon City

Abdulmadhdi A Hasan
Department of Pediatric & Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Babylon, Hillah City, Iraq

ABSTRACT

A large number of children suffering from pneumonia fail to reach health facilities well in the appropriate time
because their mothers fail to recognize seriousness of their illness. Pneumonia in children under five years
of age is still the leading cause of childhood mortality in many developing countries (8). Early recognition
of symptoms of pneumonia by mothers and their participation in effective case management of pneumonia
may reduce childhood mortality.” The study aims to assess the mother’s knowledge toward their children
(3_6) years with Hypostatic Pneumonia in Babylon Hospital for Maternal and Child. Design of the study:
descriptive design used to assessment of mother’s knowledge toward preschool children with hypostatic
pneumonia. Setting of the study: the study was carried out in Babylon hospital for child and maternity
during period (15/12/2017) – (15/1/2018) Selection of the sample: purposeful sample of 50 preschool child.
Administrative permission: the study was proved by the committee in the college of nursing. Statistical
analysis: the descriptive statistical were used in order to analyzed the result of this study.

Keywords: Assessment, Knowledge, Mothers, Hypostatic pneumonia, Preschool children

INTRODUCTION dusts, chemical, gases, gastric contents 10. Pneumonia

Pneumonia is the one bigger infectious cause of
child deaths worldwide. In 2015, pneumonia kills
16% of children fewer than 5 years of age 1. (The
main reason that children are brought to hospitals and
can be classified according to morphology, etiologic
agent, or clinical form. The most useful classification
is based on the etiologic agent (i.e., viral, bacterial,
mycoplasma, or aspiration of foreign substances)”
9

sanitation is pneumonia. Pneumonia, an inflammation
of the pulmonary parenchyma, is common in childhood,
occurring more frequently in infancy and early
childhood. Clinically, pneumonia may occur either as a
primary disease or as a complication of another illness
9
infectious agent (bacteria, viral, fungal, parasitic and
. Etiology of pneumonia may be caused by variety of
organisms), and inflammatory processes (systematic
lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis, Histiocytosis) as well
as by toxic substances (hydrocarbons, smoke, molds,
Corresponding author:
Abdul Mahdi. A. Hasan
Department of Pediatric & Mental Health Nursing,
College of Nursing, University of Babylon, Hillah city,
Iraq; Phone number: 009647716150716;
E-mail: imad_dna@yahoo.com
collection of fluid in the dorsal region of the lungs and
. Hypostatic pneumonia usually results from the
occur especially in those (as the bedridden) confined to
supine position for extended periods 5. Inflammation of
the lungs by any of these causes leads to symptoms that
can include awed cough that produces white or yellow
phlegm and shortness of breath. The main symptoms
are fever, cough, sore throat, running nose, fast &
difficulty breathing, wheezing, irritability, chest pain,
chill, tachycardia 6. (several risk factors for acquiring
respiratory infections in developing countries, such as
poverty, low family income, low parental education
level, low birth weight, malnutrition, and lack of
breastfeeding 7. Shock, respiratory Failure, atelectasis,
pleural effusion and confusion are considered
Collaborative Problems/Potential Complications for
pneumonia 10. Prevention from pneumonia by using of
the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Prevnar
1216 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2018, Vol. 9, No. 8
13) is recommended for infants and children 6 weeks to
59 months 9. Treatment and nursing care management
for pneumonia is usually symptomatic and includes
measures to promote oxygenation and comfort, such as
oxygen administration, current procedural terminology
(CPT) and postural drainage, antipyretics for fever
management, monitoring fluid intake, and family
support. Antibiotics are reserved for children in whom
the presence of a bacterial infection is demonstrated 9.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Design of the study: descriptive design used to
assessment of mother’s knowledge toward preschool
children with hypostatic pneumonia in Babylon city.
Setting of the study: the study was carried out in
Babylon hospital for child and maternity during period
(15/12/2017) _ (15/1/2018). Selection of the sample:
purposeful sample of 50 preschool child. Administrative
permission: the study was proved by the committee
in the college of nursing. Statistical analysis: the
descriptive statistical were used in order to analyzed the
result of this study. Objective of the study: To assess the
mother’s knowledge toward their child (3-6) years with
Hypostatic Pneumonia in Babylon Hospital for Maternal
and Child. To find out demographic characteristics of
mother of children with hypostatic pneumonia like age,
level of education, occupation. To find out demographic
characteristics of hypostatic pneumonia childlike age
and number of children in the family and ordinal position
of child in the family.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 Shows that the described socio-demographic
data for mother which indicate most of the sample were
from age group (29 and above) years old which were
(36%), and few sample were from age group (18-23)
years old which were (30%), the majority of them are
primary school which were (42%), and low percent
(2%) were (read and write), the majority of them (90%)
housewife and low percent (2%) were students. Table
2 described socio-demographic characteristics for child,
which indicate most of the sample age (70%) were three
years old and low percent (14%) were five years old, also
showed a high percent (76%)to the number of children in
the family were (1-3) children in the family, also showed
that the high percent (42%) to the sequence of the child in
the family were the second child, and low percent (18%)
the first and third child in the family. Table 3 described
that high responsive (2.44) for the mothers about their
child cough ,also it showed that high responsive (2.44)
for the mothers about their child fever , also showed high
responsive (2.48) there are a decline in their child’s
activity , also high responsive (2.64) that their child
were suffering from rapid breathing , also showed high
responsive (2.92) that their child were suffering from
shortness of breathing , so high responsive (2.84) that
their children were feel tired and tired ,so high responsive
(2.24) that those mothers were know the seriousness of
this disease , so showed high responsive (2.32) that those
mothers were know the prevention from this disease ,so
showed high responsive (2.60) that mother’s children
taken the vaccines on time, so a high responsive (2,96)
that their children’s face is pale, so a high responsive
(2.92) that their children were suffering from wheezing
in the chest , so there is a high responsive (2.88) that this
disease is a common disease , Table 4 so there is a high
responsive (2.36) that their children were suffering from
loss of appetite when infected with this disease ,finally
this table showed a high responsive (3.00) that those
mothers were committed to medical advices. The study
revealed that most of the sample were from age group
(29 and above) years old which were (36%), and less
sample were from age group (18-23) years old which
were (30%) this result was agreed with result obtain from
study done by 3 ,the majority of them are primary school
which were (42%), and low percent (2%) were (read and
write) this result was agreed with result obtain from study
done by 3, the majority of them (90%) housewife and
low percent (2%) were students this result was agreed
with result obtain from study done by 11. Pneumonia in
children under five years of age is still the leading cause
of childhood mortality in many developing countries 8.
This study revealed that most of the sample age (70%)
were three years old and low percent (14%) were five
years old this result was agreed with result obtain from
study done by 4, also showed a high percent (76%) to
the number of children in the family were (1-3) children
in the family. This result was agreed with result obtain
from studies done by 12 and 4, also showed that the high
percent (42%) to the sequence of the child in the family
were the second child, and low percent (18%) the first
and third child in the family this result was disagreement
with result obtain from study done by 11. The current
study indicated that the majority of mothers (50%) had
moderate level of knowledge about acute respiratory
infection especially pneumonia regarding simple signs
and symptoms, causes and factors, simple assessment
 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2018, Vol. 9, No. 8 1217

and prevention of pneumonia. This results agreed with 2 who tested mother’s knowledge of signs and symptoms of
pneumonia and found that only 23% were very familiar with the cardinal signs and symptoms of pneumonia, 58%
had scanty information and 19% had no knowledge.

Table 1. Demographical Data for mother.

Demographical DataFrequencyPercent1- Mother’s age

18-23
24-28
29 and above

Total15
17
18

5030.0
34.0
36.0
100.02- Cultural level
Do not read or write
Read and write
Primary
Intermediate
intermediate and above

Total17
Table 2. Demographical Data for child.

Demographical DataFrequencyPercent1-Child’s Age

3
4
5

Total35
8
7

5070.0
16.0
14.0

100.02- Number of children in the family

(1 – 3)
(4 and above)

Total38
12
1218 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2018, Vol. 9, No. 8

Table 3. Mother’s knowledge about pneumonia

Items of knowledgeMeanStd. Deviation1-Know lung disease1.921.0072-Know the signs and symptoms of pulmonary
disease1.981.0003- Is your child coughing2.44.9074- Does your child have fever2.44.9075- Do you notice a decline in your child’s
activity2.48.8866-Know the importance of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of this disease1.40.8087-Your child suffers from rapid
breathing2.64.7768-Does your child have vomiting1.921.0079-Is your child suffering from shortness of breath2.92.39610-Do you
know the importance of phlegm analysis of the child in the diagnosis of this disease1.16.54811-Know the importance of radiation in
the diagnosis of this disease1.84.99712-Does your child feel tired and tired2.84.54813-Know the seriousness of this
disease2.24.98114-Know the complications of this disease1.84.99715-Know the prevention of this disease2.32.95716-Know the
relationship between fluid and lung disease1.12.48017-Have your child taken the vaccines in correct time2.60.808

Table 4. Show the level of knowledge among 50 mothers

Level of knowledgeFrequencyPercentValidLow1632.0ValidModerate2550.0ValidHigh918.0ValidTotal50100.0

CONCLUSION Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

According to interpretation and dissection of the
study finding the following conclusion were driven:
(36%) of mothers their age 29 and above years. (42%) of
mothers their level culture is primary. (90%) of mothers
their occupation is housewife. (70%) of Children their
age 3 years old. (76%) of the number children in the
family was (1-3). (2.92) of mothers to monitor the
color of child is pale. (2.60) of mothers her child tokes
the vaccine in correct time. (1.84) of mothers know
importance of radiology in the diagnosis of the disease.
(2.32) of mothers know prevention of this disease.
Financial Disclosure: There is no financial
disclosure.
Ethical Clearance: All experimental protocols
were approved under department of Pediatric & Mental
Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of
Babylon, Hillah city, Iraq and all experiments were
carried out in accordance with approved guidelines.
REFERENCES
1. Ukwaja KN, Olufemi OA. Home management of
acute respiratory infections in a Nigerian district.
Afr. J. Respir. Med. 2010.
2. WHO. 2016. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/
fs331/en.
3. Siswanto E. Knowledge and Perception of
 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2018, Vol. 9, No. 8
Pneumonai Disease among Mothers of Children
under Five Years attending Nakhon Pathom General
Hospital, Thailand, Journal of Public Health and
Development. 2007; 2007;5(2).
4. Parvez M, Wiroonpanich W, Naphapunsakul M.
The effects of educational program on child care
knowledge and behaviors of mothers of children
under five years with pneumonia, Bangladesh
Journal of Medical Science. 2010 ; 9(3).
5. Parent of Kids with infectious disease (PKIDS).
(2017): www. pkids. org/ diseases /pneumonia.htm.
6. Marilyn JH, David W. Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric
Nursing. 10thed. Elsevier. India, Nepal. 2015; 355:
405.
7. Jackson S, Mathews KH, Pulanic D, Falconer R,
Rudan I, Campbell H, Nair H. Risk factors for
severe acute lower respiratory infections in children:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med.
J. 2013; 54(2): 110–21.
1219
8. Iqbal I, Malik AY, Anwar M, Khan SP. Community
perceptions about acute respiratory infections in
Pakistan. Nishtar Med. J. 2010; 2(1): 2-9.
9. Hockenberry M. &Wilson D. Wong’s nursing care
of infants and children (10th ed.) ,2010; p1192.
10. Brunner LS, suddarth DS, Smeltzer S. Brunner &
Siddhartha’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing
(11thed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.2010; p.550.
11. Abusaad F, Hashim S. Mothers learning needs
assessment regarding pneumonia among children
less than five years at Saudi Arabia. journal of
research in nursing and development. 2007; 5(2).
12. Abolwafa N, Mohamed A. Effect of Educational
Program on Mothers Knowledge about Prevention
of Pneumonia for their Children under Five Years,
Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2017; 6(5):
5-12.