CT-Analyzer - User Manual2 PDF

CT Analyzer
User Manual
QUICK AND EASY TESTING OF

PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENT
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO COMMON STANDARDS
CT Analyzer
Article Number VESD0605 - Manual Version: CTAnalyzer.AE.6

With regard to the functionality of the software, this manual refers to
version 3.00 for the CT Analyzer firmware,
version 3.00 for the CT Analyzer PC Toolset software and
version 1.4x for the CPC Explorer software.
© OMICRON electronics 2008
This User Manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, e.g., photocopying, microfilming or
storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics.
Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted.
This User Manual represents the technical status at the time of printing. The product information,
specifications, and all technical data contained within this user manual are not contractually binding.
OMICRON electronics reserves the right to make changes at any time to the technology and/or
configuration without announcement. OMICRON electronics is not to be held liable for statements and
declarations given in this User Manual. The user is responsible for every application described in this
User Manual and its results. OMICRON electronics explicitly exonerates itself from all liability for
mistakes in this manual.
OMICRON electronics translates this manual from its source language English into a number of other
languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute
between the English and any non-English versions, the English version of this manual shall govern.
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Contents
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Safety Instructions for CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

General Rules for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Orderly Practices and Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Operator Qualifications and Primary Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Safe Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Changing Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6 Safety Rules for Your Own Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1 Designated Use and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.1 Designated Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
2.1 Functional Components of the CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2 Mains Connection Unit and Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1.3 Compact Flash Card Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1.4 Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.5 I/0 Key with Status LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.6 Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2 Block Diagram (Simplified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 Connecting the CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

3.1 Basic Wiring for a Burden Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Basic Wiring for a CT Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 4 Wire Measurement vs. 2 Wire Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 Running an Automatic Parameter Search and CT Test

(Guesser Function) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
4.1 Connecting the CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2 Preparing the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 Running the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3
CT Analyzer
5 User Interface and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

5.1 Introduction and Basic Operating Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1.1 Overview of Test Cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1.2 Working with the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 CT Analyzer Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Main Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.3.1 New CT-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.3.2 File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.4 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.4 CT-Object Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4.1 Available Soft Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4.2 Information Fields to be Filled by the User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4.3 Parameters and Settings Used or Determined by the Test Process. . . . . . . . . . 58
5.5 Burden Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.5.1 Test Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.5.2 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.5.3 Connecting the Burden and Running the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.6 Resistance Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.6.1 Test Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.6.2 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.7 Excitation Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.7.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.7.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.7.4 Excitation Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.7.5 K-Value Error Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.8 Ratio Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.8.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.8.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.8.4 Ratio Table and Phase Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.9 Assessment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.9.1 Assessed Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.9.2 Conditions for a Positive Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.10 Comment Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
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Contents
6 CT Analyzer PC Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

6.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.2 Installation of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.2.1 Installing the CT Analyzer PC Toolset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.2.2 Update for CPC Explorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.3 The CTA Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.3.1 Version Number and "Updates available!" Link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3.2 CT Analyzer Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3.3 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.3.4 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.4 CTA QuickTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.4.1 Starting CTA QuickTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.4.2 Using CTA QuickTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.5 CTA Remote Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.5.1 Starting the CTA Remote Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.5.2 Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6.5.3 Using User-Defined Code in the CTA Remote Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6.6 CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6.6.1 General Information About Updating the Firmware and the
User Interface Language Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6.6.2 Starting the CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
6.6.3 Using the CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.7 CTA Remote Control Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
6.7.1 Sample Software for CTA Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
6.8 CTA to NetSim Export Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6.9 CPC Explorer for CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.9.2 Installation of the CPC Explorer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.9.3 Using the CPC Explorer with the CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5
CT Analyzer
7 Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

7.1 Measurement at a Freely Accessible CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.2 Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.2.1 Ratio Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer with Delta Compensation 146
7.2.2 Ratio Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer without
Delta Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.3 Measurement at a Wye Winding Transformer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
7.4 Measurement at a Bushing-Type CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
7.5 Measurement at a GIS (SF6) Switch Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
7.6 Measurement on a Bar-Type Current Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.7 Measurement on Tapped CTs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.8 Measurement on a Gapped Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.9 Excitation Curve Measurement for an Unwound Iron Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
7.10 Measurement on Multicore CTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
7.11 Burden Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
7.12 Noise Reduction Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
8 Calibrating the CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

9 Error and Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
10 Formulas and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
10.1 Calculation of Ratio Error (Current Ratio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
10.2 Turns Ratio Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.3 Calculation of RCF for IEEE C57.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.4 Calculation of e.m.f. rms Voltage (Uc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.5 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.5.1 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FS) according to the
Direct Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.5.2 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FSi) according to the
Indirect Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.5.3 Example for Verification of FSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
10.6 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10.6.1 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF) according to the
Direct Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10.6.2 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALFi) according to the
Indirect Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
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Contents
10.7 Calculation of Peak Instantaneous Error (ε^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

10.8 Calculation of Rated Symmetrical Short Circuit Current Factor (Kssc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.9 Calculation of Dimensioning Factor (Kx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
10.10 Calculation of Secondary Loop Time Constant (Ts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
10.11 Calculation of Rated Secondary Terminal Voltage (VB) acc. to IEEE C57.13. . . . . . . . 189
10.12 Remanence Factor (Kr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
10.13 Saturated Inductance (LS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
10.14 Non-saturated Inductance (Lm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
10.15 Knee Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
10.16 Class Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
10.16.1Class Definition According to (ANSI) IEEE C57-13.1-1981 Protection . . . . . . . 193
10.16.2Class Definition According to IEC 60044-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
10.16.3Class Definition According to IEC 60044-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
10.17 Determination of Transient Dimensioning Factor (Ktd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
10.17.1Calculation for Class TPZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
10.17.2Calculation for Class TPX, TPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
10.18 Parameter Search Function (Guesser Function). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
10.19 Guesser Algorithm for Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
10.20 Burden Entry Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
11 Parameter Definition Syntax for the Different Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

11.1 How to Read the Parameter Definition Syntax Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
11.2 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEC 60044-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
11.3 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEC 60044-6 Classes TPS and TPZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
11.4 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEC 60044-6 Classes TPX and TPY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
11.5 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEEE C57.13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
12 Care and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
7
CT Analyzer
13 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

13.1 Mains Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
13.2 Generator Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
13.3 Measurement Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
13.4 Winding Resistance Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
13.5 Ratio and Phase Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
13.6 Insulation Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
13.7 Compact Flash Card Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
13.8 Remote Control Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
13.9 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
13.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
13.11 Safety Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
13.12 Weight and Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
14 Scope of Delivery and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

14.1 CT Analyzer CT1 incl. Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
14.2 CT Analyzer Standard Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
14.3 Accessories Set for CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
14.4 Additional Accessories for CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Contact Information / Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231
8
Preface
Preface
The purpose of this user manual is to familiarize users with the CT Analyzer and
its application fields. It contains helpful instructions on how to use the
CT Analyzer safely, properly, and efficiently.
Following these instructions will help you to prevent danger, repair costs and
possible down time due to incorrect operation. Furthermore it ensures the
reliability and life-cycle of your CT Analyzer.
) The CT Analyzer must be used in observance of all existing safety requirements

from national standards for accident prevention and environmental protection.
Reading the CT Analyzer manual alone does not release the user from the duty
of complying with all national and international safety regulations relevant for
working with the CT Analyzer.
The user manual always has to be available at the site where the CT Analyzer
is used. It should be read and used by all people working with the CT Analyzer.
In addition to the user manual and the applicable regulations for accident
prevention in the country and at the site of operation, the accepted technical
procedures for safe and competent work should be heeded.
Glossary of Symbols
In this manual, different symbols are used to highlight text of special safety and/
or operational relevance. These symbols are listed below.
) Note
Indicates notes with special meaning, i.e., additional important
information.
Caution
Indicates sections with special safety-relevant meaning.
Electrical Danger - Caution

Emphasizes actions or instructions that hold potential risk to
health and life. To be carried out by authorized personnel with
extreme caution and full awareness of the safety regulations
only.
9
CT Analyzer
Safety Instructions for CT Analyzer

Before operating the CT Analyzer, please carefully read the following safety
instructions. It is not recommended to use (or even switch on) the CT Analyzer
without understanding the information in this manual. If some points of the safety
instructions are unclear, please contact OMICRON electronics.
The operator is responsible for the observance of all applicable safety
requirements during the entire test. When performing tests in high-voltage
areas, pay attention to the national and international standards for safe
operation of high-voltage test equipment (EN 50191, IEEE 510, and others).
General Rules for Use

• The CT Analyzer should only be used when in a technically sound condition.
• Its use should be in accordance with the safety regulations for the specific job
site and application.
• Always be aware of the dangers of the high voltages and currents associated
with this equipment. Pay attention to the information provided in the
operations manual.
• The CT Analyzer is intended exclusively for the application areas specified in
section 1.1 on page 15. Any other use is deemed not to be according to the
regulations. The manufacturer/distributor is not liable for damage resulting
from improper usage. The user alone assumes all responsibility and risk.
• Following the instructions provided in this user manual is also considered
part of being in accordance with the regulations.
• Do not open the CT Analyzer. Opening the CT Analyzer invalidates all
warranty claims.
Orderly Practices and Procedures

• The user manual, or alternatively the "electronic manual" in PDF form, should
always be available on the site where the CT Analyzer is being used.
• Personnel assigned to use the CT Analyzer should carefully read the user
manual - in particular this section on safety instructions - before beginning to
work with it. This also applies to personnel who only occasionally work with
the CT Analyzer.
• Do not undertake any modifications, extensions, or adaptations to the
CT Analyzer.
• Use the CT Analyzer in conjunction with original accessories only.
10
Operator Qualifications and Primary

Responsibilities
• Testing with the CT Analyzer should only be carried out by authorized and
qualified personnel. Clearly establish the responsibilities!
• Personnel receiving training, instruction, direction, or education on the
CT Analyzer should remain under the constant supervision of an
experienced operator while working with the equipment.
Safe Operation
) If working in other than laboratory environment only use the CT Analyzer with a
solid connection to ground of at least 6mm2. Use a ground point as close as
possible to the test object.
• When disconnecting cables, always start at the device feeding the power.
• Never connect or disconnect a test object while the outputs are active. Lethal
voltages can occur due to the high energy stored in external inductors.
• During the test always connect one terminal of the transformer’s primary side
to protective earth.
• Do not insert objects (e.g. screwdrivers, etc.) into the ventilation slots or any
input/output sockets.
• Before putting the CT Analyzer into operation, check the test set for visible
damages.
• Do not operate the CT Analyzer under wet or moist conditions
(condensation).
• Do not operate the CT Analyzer when explosive gas or vapors are present.
• When taking the CT Analyzer into operation, make sure that the air slots, the
power switch and the power supply plug at the test set remain unobstructed.
• Voltages of up to 400V can occur inside the CT Analyzer! Therefore, only
qualified personnel at the factory is permitted to open the CT Analyzer.
• If the CT Analyzer seems to be functioning improperly, please call the
OMICRON Hotline (refer to chapter "Contact Information / Technical
Support" on page 45).
• For protection against parasitic currents or voltages, always connect the
equipotential connector on the CT Analyzer’s side panel (see section 2.1.2
on page 20) to protective ground (PE). Only use the cable set listed in section
14.2 on page 223.
11
CT Analyzer
• Make sure that the terminals of the test object to be connected to the
CT Analyzer do not carry any voltage potential. During a test, the
CT Analyzer is the only permitted power source for the test object.
• Never connect or disconnect a test object while the outputs are active.
Note: Even if you switched off the CT Analyzer, wait until all LED lights
are fully extinguished.
As long as an LED lights or the display is on, there may still be
voltage and/or current potential on one or more of the CT Analyzer
outputs.
• When measuring the ratio of transformers make sure that the test voltage is
connected to the corresponding secondary winding, and the primary winding
is connected to the according measurement input. Accidentally mixing up the
windings can cause life-threatening voltages within the transformer and/or
destroy the connected CT or the CT Analyzer!
• Only use wires with 4mm safety "banana" connectors and plastic housing for
connection to the front panel input/output sockets.
• Do not stand right next to or directly underneath a connection point because
the clamps may fall off and touch you.
• Flashing lights on the front panel indicate that the CT Analyzer output is
active and hazardous voltages can be present on the input or output
terminals.
• If the CT Analyzer or any add-on device or accessory does not seem to
function properly, do not use it anymore. Please call the OMICRON hotline.
Power Supply
• Supply the CT Analyzer only from a power outlet that is equipped with
protective ground (PE).
• Instead of supplying the CT Analyzer from phase-neutral (L1-N, A-N), it may
also be supplied from phase-phase (e.g. L1-L2, A-B). However, the voltage
must not exceed 240VAC.
• If there is a problem with the PE (protective earth) connection or if the mains
power supply has no galvanic connection to earth, the CT Analyzer displays
the error message 901. If you ignore this error message, it is possible to use
the device but safety is no longer given!
12
CAUTION: When working without a proper PE connection, lethal voltages

can occur at the housing and all inputs/outputs.
If the mains supply does not have proper galvanic connection to
PE, voltages higher than the CT Analyzer is built for can occur
between mains and other potential groups of the device (refer to
section 13.6 on page 219). These voltages can possibly destroy
the device.
If you decide to work without proper PE connection you take the
risk to become mortally shocked or to destroy the CT Analyzer
due to high common mode voltages on the mains input. Make
sure to connect at least the equipotential terminal of the
CT Analyzer to PE.
Changing Fuses
• Turn off the CT Analyzer and unplug the power cord.
• Ground the test object, and disconnect it from the CT Analyzer. By
disconnecting it you prevent a possibly faulty test object feeding power back
into the CT Analyzer.
• Locate the blown fuse on the side panel of the CT Analyzer and replace it:
2 x T6.3H 250V (6.3 Amps slow-acting high breaking capacity wire fuse
5x20mm).
Note: Replace with identical fuse type only.
6 Safety Rules for Your Own Safety

Always observe the following safety rules:
1. Isolate.
2. Secure to prevent reconnecting.
3. Check isolation.
4. Earth and short-circuit.
5. Cover or shield neighboring live parts.
6. Never touch any terminals that are not visibly connected to earth.
13
CT Analyzer
14
Designated Use and Features
1 Designated Use and Features

1.1 Designated Use
The CT Analyzer is intended to perform automatic testing and calibration of low
leakage flux current transformers (CTs with non-gapped cores) in laboratories
as well as on-site in utilities. The following tests can be performed using the
CT Analyzer:
• Burden measurement
• CT winding resistance measurement
• CT excitation characteristic according to IEC 60044-1, IEC 60044-6 (TPS,
TPX, TPY, TPZ) and IEEE C57.13.
• CT ratio measurement with consideration of a connected burden
• CT phase and polarity measurement
• Determination of accuracy limiting factor, instrument security factor,
secondary time constant, symmetrical short-circuit current factor, transient
dimensioning factor, remanence factor, knee point voltage/current, class,
saturated inductance and non-saturated inductance.
1.2 Features
• Very small and lightweight (< 8kg/17lb), particularly beneficial for on-site
testing.
• Reduced commissioning time due to fully automatic testing within seconds.
• The test results are displayed in a graphical user interface.
• Allows testing according to IEC 60044-1, IEC 60044-6 or IEEE C57.13 (ANSI
standard).
• Maximum output voltage = 120V (safety).
• Automatic assessment of the test results.
• Automatic analysis of CTs with unknown data ("guesser" function). This
means that for CTs defined according to IEC60044-1, testing can be
performed without any previous specification of CT data by the user. The
CT Analyzer is able to determine the CT data (I-prim, I-sec, class, ratio, etc.)
and to assess whether the connected CT fulfills the specifications or not. The
guesser function is intended as an aid for the user to find out the data of
unknown CTs.
• For measuring transformers: A typical accuracy of 0.02% / 1’ enables field
calibration and verification of class 0.1 CTs for metering.
15
CT Analyzer
• For protection transformers: Automatic result assessment according to the

defined standard (IEC 60044-1, IEC 60044-6 or IEEE C57.13-1993) using
implemented expert knowledge (regarding standards, etc.) even for CTs
defined according to IEC 60044-6 with defined transient performance (TPS,
TPX, TPY, TPZ).
• Test of CTs with very high knee-point voltages (up to 15 kV).
• Measurement of the following CT parameters:
General:
– Ls (saturated inductance)
– Lm (unsaturated inductance)
– Kr (remanence flux)
– Ts (secondary time constant)
– Rct (winding resistance)
IEC 60044-1
– ALF (accuracy limiting factor acc. to direct measurement method)
– ALFi (accuracy limiting factor acc. to indirect measurement method)
– FS (instrument security factor acc. to direct measurement method)
– FSi (instrument security factor acc. to indirect measurement method)
– Kx (dimensioning factor according to class PX)
– Ek (accuracy limiting voltage according to class PX)
– Ie (accuracy limiting current according to class PX)
– N (turns ratio according to class PX)
– εt (turns ratio error)
– εc (composite error)
– Vkn (knee-point voltage according to IEC 60044-1)
– Ikn (knee-point current according to IEC 60044-1)
– current ratio error and phase error for all measurement points defined in
the standard
IEC 60044-6
– Kssc (rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor)
– Ktd (transient dimensioning factor)
– N (turns ratio according to class TPS)
– εt (turns ratio error according to class TPS)
16
Designated Use and Features
– ε^ (peak instantaneous error)

– Emax (maximum emf voltage incl. the transient component)
– Vkn (knee-point voltage according to IEC 60044-6)
– Ikn (knee-point current according to IEC 60044-6)
the standard
IEEE C57.13 (ANSI)
– Vb (secondary terminal voltage rating according to IEEE C57.13)
– Vkn (knee-point voltage according to IEEE C57.13 (30° and 45° tangent))
– Ikn (knee-point current according to IEEE C57.13 (30° and 45° tangent))
the standard
• Almost unlimited in:
– Ratio (50 000 : 1)
– Primary current (999 000A max.)
– Knee point voltage (15kV max.)
• Precise measurement of ratio error and phase displacement up to x-times
the rated current and for all burden values without the need to connect
burden hardware, independent of the application (e.g. bushings and GIS).
• Automatic demagnetization of the CT after the test.
• Data storage on a removable Compact Flash (CF) card which can be read by
any standard memory card reader.
• Automatic test report generation. Viewing and printing of test reports on a PC
using the CPC Explorer.
• Existing test reports can be loaded at any time to recalculate the test results
for different burden values and primary currents. This way, no further on-site
measurements are necessary to verify whether a changed burden influences
the behavior of a CT. The recalculation of the test results can be performed
easily in the laboratory using the existing measurement data either on the
CT Analyzer, within the CTA Remote Excel File Loader or by using the CTA
Remote Control software.
• PC Tool (CTA Quick Test) for a large variety of measurements usually
necessary in a utility using the CT Analyzer as a multimeter with integrated
current/voltage source (measurement of burden, L, C, ratio, polarity, etc.).
17
CT Analyzer
• Remote interface enabling the integration of the CT Analyzer into automatic

production processes. The CT Analyzer can be controlled completely via the
remote interface. All parameters can be read from the device or from a test
report with an easy to use software interface.
• Possibility to create user defined test reports using the CTA Remote Excel
File Loader or by adaption of sample software running under visual basic or
C++.
18
Hardware
2 Hardware
2.1 Functional Components of the CT Analyzer
2.1.1 Overview
Figure 2-1 provides an overview of the operating and display elements and the
connectors of the CT Analyzer.
Figure 2-1:
CT Analyzer overview Output Display Remote control interface Equipotential
Generator output with context-dependent Serial interface for full connector
keys ("soft keys") remote control (see 13.8)
Keyboard Compact Flash

with cursor keys and card slot
card selection keys
Sec, Prim I/0 key Mains connection unit

Measurement inputs with status LEDs Mains socket with fuse and
ON/OFF switch
19
CT Analyzer
2.1.2 Mains Connection Unit and Grounding

Figure 2-2:
Mains connection unit
and equipotential
bonding connector
Mains socket (IEC320)
Mains fuse: 2 x T6.3A / 250V,

high breaking capacity
ON/OFF switch
Equipotential bonding connector

(4mm socket combined with
knurled nut for clamp connection)
2.1.3 Compact Flash Card Slot

Figure 2-3:
Compact Flash card slot
Compact Flash card

Storage medium for test data.
Eject button
Press to eject the Compact
Flash card.
20
Hardware
2.1.4 Inputs and Outputs

While the red LED of the I / 0 key is flashing, voltage is applied at the output and
the measurement inputs.
Figure 2-4:
Inputs and outputs of
the CT Analyzer Output
Generator output, 120V/15A peak max.
Sec
Measurement input for secondary side of CT,
300VAC max., 500 kΩ input impedance
Prim
Measurement input for primary side of CT,
30VAC max., 150 kΩ input impedance
2.1.5 I/0 Key with Status LEDs

Red LED (on the left).
Green LED (on the right).
I/0 key to start the test.
During the boot process after switching the CT Analyzer on, both
LEDs are on. The red LED is switched off when the boot process is
finished and the CT Analyzer is ready for operation.
Green LED on: The CT Analyzer is switched on and ready
for operation.
Red LED flashing: Test is running.
While the red LED is flashing, voltage is
applied at the output and the measurement
inputs.
Red LED steadily on: Device error.
21
CT Analyzer
2.1.6 Display
Figure 2-5:
Display Card area with tab Soft key description Soft keys, labelled by the soft
fields key description fields
Status
line
Edit fields Display field If 3 points are visible in the lowest soft key
(underlined by (not underlined) description field (see dashed arrow), this
dotted lines) key can be used to open an additional set
of soft keys
A scrollbar is displayed, if the content of a

card is too long to be displayed at a time.
Use the CURSOR UP / DOWN keys on the
keyboard to scroll through the card.
22
Hardware
2.2 Block Diagram (Simplified)

Figure 2-6:
Simplified block
diagram of the
Boost converter
CT Analyzer
IEC 320 with Filter +360V
85-265VAC
N Mains Filter N
L
L
PE
-360V
360VDC 360VDC
RI
120VDC
RI
Mains Potential
RI: 400V to all other
potential groups
Bandwith
limiter EMC filter
250V 10A T
Output
0...120V max.
Current Shunt
Temp detect
Current measurement
and relay control
Duty cycle control
Overtemp,
overload
Bridge control
Relay control and temperature read
Control for current measurement
RI 300V
MIF
Gain adjust
Range switching
control signals AD-
converter
EMC filter
Sec
Analog Gain control 0...300VAC
input data
RI 300V
AD- Gain adjust

converter
Control Signals
EMC filter
Prim
Gain control 0..30VAC
RI 300V
LCD (240x128)
ON/OFF
Contrast-
adjust
LAMP
ON/OFF
Inverter
Keyboard
Digital Signal
Processing
Display Unit and
Keyboard (DUK)
SELV Potential
RI = Reinforced insulation
Remote Control Interface
BI = Basic insulation
23
CT Analyzer
24
Connecting the CT Analyzer
3 Connecting the CT Analyzer

3.1 Basic Wiring for a Burden Test
For a burden test, connect the CT Analyzer as shown in figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1:
Basic wiring for a
CT Burden
burden test
• Connect the CT Analyzer’s equipotential terminal to protective earth (PE).

• Open the connection line to the ungrounded side of the CT (refer to figure 3-
1). Otherwise, the CT Analyzer would measure the parallel impedance of the
burden and the CT winding instead of the burden itself.
• Connect the black sockets of the CT Analyzer "Output" and input "Sec" to
that side of the burden that is connected to PE.
• Connect the red sockets of the CT Analyzer "Output" and input "Sec" to the
other (ungrounded) side of the burden.
If you do not disconnect the CT for the burden test, the CT Analyzer measures
the parallel impedance of the burden and the CT winding. Although in many
cases the impedance of the CT is many times higher than the burden
impedance, this will cause a measuring error.
The CT Analyzer does not perform a demagnetizing cycle after burden
measurement. Therefore, CT saturation could occur, if you do not disconnect
the CT prior to the burden test.
25
CT Analyzer
3.2 Basic Wiring for a CT Test

This section shows the basic wiring of the CT Analyzer for a CT test. For a
detailed description how to connect the CT Analyzer for specific applications,
please refer to chapter 7 ”Application Examples” on page 143.
The grounded terminal on the secondary side of the CT always has to be
connected to the black sockets of input "Sec" and the "Output" of the
CT Analyzer. Connecting the red sockets of the CT Analyzer to PE can result in
incorrect measurement and/or cause an automatic abortion of the measurement
with an error message.
If it is necessary to use clamps for the connection of the measurement
leads to the secondary side of the test object, always use the 4 wire
connection technique as described in section 3.3 on page 28 in order to
avoid measurement errors.
For a CT test, connect the CT Analyzer as shown in figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2:
Basic wiring for a CT Prevent coupling of interferences into the primary circuit!
Utility line
test
Coupling of interferences into the ungrounded connection
influences the measurement results.
The side that is able

to receive more
interferences has to
be connected to PE.
26
• Make sure that the primary side of the CT is connected to PE on one side and
open on the other side.
It is absolutely important to avoid coupling of interferences into the primary
circuit during measurement. Therefore, connect the side of the primary circuit
that is able to receive more interferences to PE (e.g. the side with the longer
line length). The ungrounded side should be the side that receives fewer
interferences (refer to figure 3-2).
• Disconnect the hot side of all secondary windings of the CT in order to
remove any load from the CT. Every kind of load remaining on the secondary
side of the CT during measurement leads to incorrect measurement results
or error messages.
• Connect the black socket of the CT Analyzer input "Prim" to the grounded
side of the CT’s primary circuit and the red socket of this input to the open
(ungrounded) side.
• Connect the black sockets of the CT Analyzer "Output" and input "Sec" to
that terminal on the secondary side of the CT that is connected to PE.
• Connect the red sockets of the CT Analyzer "Output" and input "Sec" to the
other (ungrounded) terminal on the secondary side of the CT.
27
CT Analyzer
3.3 4 Wire Measurement vs. 2 Wire Measurement

If the secondary side of the test object does not provide screw terminals for
connecting the delivered terminal adapters or banana sockets to insert the
measurement leads directly, and it is therefore necessary to use clamps (e.g.
crocodile clamps or Kelvin clamps) for the connection of the measurement
leads, always use the 4 wire connection technique as described below.
Otherwise, the possibly existing contact resistance of the clamp could
affect the measurement results, i.e., the CT Analyzer possibly delivers
incorrect measurement results.
Both connection techniques are shown in the following figure.
Figure 3-3:
Demonstration of 2 wire
and 4 wire connection
technique
OK X
Do not use!
4 wire connection: 2 wire connection:
The measurement leads from the Separate measurement leads are
"Output" sockets and input "Sec" of used for the "Output" sockets and
the CT Analyzer are connected to the input "Sec" of the CT Analyzer, but
test object via separate clamps. the measurement leads are
connected to the test object via a
One clamp is used for each
common clamp.
measurement lead! Correct!
Two measurement leads use one
single clamp! Do not use!
28
Physical Background
When using the 2 wire connection technique as shown in figure 3-3,
considerable measurement errors for the ratio error and other parameters can
occur, if the connection of the clamp to the test object is not ideal and has a
contact resistance. Since this contact resistance will change with each
connection/disconnection of the clamp at the test object, it is furthermore not
possible to reproduce such measurements.
The total contact resistance caused by 2 clamps can be up to 0.5 ohms and thus
can cause an additional burden of up to 12.5 VA. Due to this, the influence of the
contact resistance is the higher the smaller the winding resistance of the CT is:
When measuring a 5 A CT, such a contact resistance can lead to completely
incorrect measurement results while it is practically negligible when measuring
a CT with a relatively high winding resistance of e.g. 10 ohms.
Therefore, measurements on 5 A CTs should exclusively be performed using
the 4 wire connection technique!
The following connection diagrams make this clear.
Figure 3-4:
Connection diagram for Voltage drop caused by contact
4 wire connection resistance of the clamp
technique Ip RCT OUTPUT
S1
Rcl.
P1
UC IL
IC ICT ~
Np Ns
Terminal voltage
Lmain IE
RH Reddy SEC
P2 S2
Rcl.
Voltage drop caused by contact

resistance of the clamp
4 wire connection:
Input "Sec" of the CT Analyzer measures the terminal voltage of the test
object. The measurement is not influenced by the voltage drops caused by
the contact resistance of the clamps. The measurement results delivered
by the CT Analyzer are correct!
29
CT Analyzer
Figure 3-5:
Connection diagram for Voltage drop caused by contact
2 wire connection resistance of the clamp
technique Ip RCT OUTPUT
S1
Rcl.
P1
UC IL
IC ICT ~
Np Ns
Terminal voltage
Voltage behind
Lmain IE
the clamp
RH Reddy
SEC
P2 S2
Rcl.
Voltage drop caused by contact

resistance of the clamp
2 wire connection (do not use!):

Input "Sec" of the CT Analyzer does not measure the terminal voltage of the
test object! It only measures the voltage behind the clamps instead, and thus
includes the voltage drops caused by the contact resistance of the clamps.
The measurement results delivered by the CT Analyzer are possibly
incorrect!
30
Running an Automatic Parameter Search and CT Test (Guesser Function)
4 Running an Automatic Parameter

Search and CT Test (Guesser
Function)
If you are not familiar to operating the CT Analyzer, you should read chapter 5
before taking the CT Analyzer into operation and/or running tests with the
CT Analyzer.
For standard current transformers built according to IEC 60044-1 and

IEEE C57.13, the CT Analyzer offers an excellent possibility to do a test with
minimal training and without any knowledge of the CT to be tested.
For a flow chart of the parameter search function for the class determination,
refer to section 10.18 on page 198. For a flow chart of the burden guesser
function, refer to section 10.19 on page 204.
Note: Although the CT Analyzer is able to determine the CT’s data (I-prim, I-
sec, class, ratio, etc.) and to assess whether the connected CT fulfills
the specifications or not, the guesser function is only intended as an
aid for the user to find out the data of unknown CTs. The data and
values determined by the CT Analyzer using the guesser function are
not guaranteed and have to be verified by the user.
4.1 Connecting the CT

Connect the CT to the CT Analyzer as shown on the front panel. Be sure that
the polarity of all wires is correct.
1. Secondary side of the CT to input "Sec" and "Output" of the CT Analyzer.
2. Primary side of the CT to CT Analyzer input "Prim".
4.2 Preparing the Test

If the CT Analyzer is already switched on:
1. If necessary, display the CT-Object card and then press the M A I N soft
key to display the main menu.
2. Select the list item "New CT Test" and press the O K soft key to initialize
a new CT test.
3. The display shows the CT-Object card, ready to start a test.
31
CT Analyzer
If the CT Analyzer is switched off:

1. Switch the CT Analyzer on.
2. After the boot process is finished, the green LED is on and the red LED is
off.
3. The display shows the CT-Object card, ready to start a test.
4.3 Running the Test

Starting the test
After switching the CT Analyzer on or after initializing a new test from the main
menu, the default CT-Object card is displayed.
Figure 4-1:
Empty CT-Object card For a detailed description of
this card, please refer to
page 56.
Start the test by pressing the I / 0 key. The red LED flashes to indicate that the
test is running.
Test step 1: CT resistance measurement

The CT Analyzer measures the secondary winding resistance of the CT.
Figure 4-2:
Resistance card with For a detailed description of
measurement results this card, please refer to page
75.
32
Running an Automatic Parameter Search and CT Test (Guesser Function)
Test step 2: Determination of the excitation characteristic

The CT Analyzer measures the excitation curve and determines the knee point
and other important CT data. Depending on the knee point voltage, the
CT Analyzer decides whether the connected CT is a measurement CT or a
protection CT (see also the flow chart in section 10.18 on page 198). With the
knee point, the burden guesser function can also be started (see section
10.19 ”Guesser Algorithm for Burden” on page 204).
Figure 4-3:
Excitation card with For a detailed description of
measurement results this card, please refer to page
77.
Test step 3: Ratio measurement

The CT Analyzer then measures the current ratio error, the phase error, the
composite error and the polarity. The CT Analyzer calculates the ratio error for
the operating burden (parameter "Burden" in the CT-Object card) and the
nominal burden (parameter "VA" in the CT-Object card).
To view the measurement results based on the operating burden, open the
Ratio card using the card selection keys.
Figure 4-4:
Ratio error and phase For a detailed description of
displacement at
this card, please refer to page
operating burden
90.
33
CT Analyzer
Test step 4: After the test is finished

After the test is finished, the CT-Object card displays the CT data determined
during the test (refer to figure 4-5).
Figure 4-5:
CT-Object card after
the test is finished
Now you can enter the "Location" and "Object" details and save the test.
The CT Analyzer also performed an automatic assessment of the measured
results using the guessed parameters. This assessment can be viewed on the
Assessment card (figure 4-6). For a detailed description of this card, please
refer to section 5.9 on page 96.
Figure 4-6:
Assessment card after
the test is finished
34
User Interface and Operation
5 User Interface and Operation

5.1 Introduction and Basic Operating Procedures
5.1.1 Overview of Test Cards
The following table provides an overview of the available test cards:
Table 5-1:
Overview of available
test cards Card Usage
CT-Object The CT-Object card contains the basic CT data and is
always required to perform a CT test.
Refer to page 56 for a detailed description of this card.
Burden The Burden card is used to measure a current transformer’s
secondary burden with AC current.
Resistance The Resistance card is used to measure the DC resistance
of the secondary winding.
Excitation The Excitation card is used to trace the excitation curve of
the current transformer and to determine further CT-specific
parameters.
Ratio The Ratio card is used to measure the current ratio of the CT
considering the external load or the nominal burden and to
determine the current ratio error and the phase
displacement.
Assessment The Assessment card shows the automatic assessment of
the tested parameters according to the selected standard. In
this card you can also perform a manual assessment.
Comment In the Comment card you can enter any text, e.g. additional
notes regarding the test.
35
CT Analyzer
5.1.2 Working with the User Interface
Displaying a specific card

To display a specific card, select the card by pressing the card selection keys on
the keyboard. The card’s tab showing the name of the selected card is then
highlighted (see figure 5-1).
Figure 5-1:
CT-Object card
selected
Using the soft keys

Using the soft keys you can operate the CT Analyzer and change the user
interface level of the software.
The functionality of the soft keys is context-dependent, i.e., the software offers
different functions or selectable sets of parameters depending on the focus (i.e.,
depending on which card or field is highlighted or selected in the user interface).
If the lowest soft key description field contains 3 points (see S A V E A S in figure
5-1), additional soft key functions are available. Then you can switch the set of
displayed soft keys using the . . . key located below the soft keys (see figure 5-2).
Figure 5-2:
Switching the set of soft 1st set of soft keys 2nd set of soft keys
keys in the CT-Object
card
Press
36
Editing a card
To open the edit mode for a displayed card, press the C U R S O R D O W N key on
the keyboard. The card’s tab is then no longer highlighted (see figure 5-3).
Use the cursor keys to move the cursor and to select the desired edit field. Some
edit fields have soft keys assigned. The soft keys available for an edit field are
displayed if the field is selected.
Figure 5-3:
Edit field selected in CT-
Object card
Display field
(cannot be
selected)
Edit field
Edit field,
selected
Proceed as follows to edit a card:

• Select the edit field using the cursor keys.
• Enter or edit the value or text:
– Either select an entry offered by the soft keys (if available)
– or enter the value or text using the keyboard and then press the E N T E R
key to confirm your input or use the E S C key to leave an edit field without
applying and saving the entry.
• Leave the edit mode either by moving the cursor to the card’s tab using the
C U R S O R U P key or by pressing the E S C key on the keyboard. The focus
is then set to the card’s tab again (tab highlighted).
37
CT Analyzer
5.2 CT Analyzer Help System

The CT Analyzer provides a context-sensitive help system. I.e., if you press the
H E L P button on the keyboard, a help page is displayed, the content of which
depends on where the focus was set before the H E L P button was pressed.
For example:
• If the focus is set to the CT-Object card’s tab, pressing the the H E L P button
displays a help page showing the wiring for a CT test.
• If the focus is set to the Burden card’s tab, pressing the the H E L P button
displays a help page showing the wiring for a burden test.
• If a parameter field in the CT-Object card or the Assessment card has been
selected with the cursor, pressing the the H E L P button displays a help page
with explanatory texts for this specific parameter.
Figure 5-4:
Help system showing
the wiring diagram for
the CT test
Figure 5-5:
Help system showing
explanatory help text for
a parameter
When the help system is displayed, you can use the soft keys N E X T P A G E and
P R E V . P A G E to scroll through the available help pages.
Pressing the A B O U T soft key opens a page with information about the
CT Analyzer hardware, the installed firmware, the serial number, etc.
38
Figure 5-6:
Help system showing
the wiring diagram for
the CT test
The coding of the hardware version (e.g. 00/00/07/01/00/06) is described below:

aa/bb/cc/dd/ee/ff
aa Version of the power supply module.
bb Version of the measurement interface.
cc Version of the programmable gate array on the measurement

interface.
dd Version of the programmable gate array on the DSP.
ee Version of the DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
ff Version of the firmware on the measurement interface:

xx (for MIF), xx (for FPGA), DSP Max version, DSP-Ver./xxx (AVR
SW version)
39
CT Analyzer
5.3 Main Menu

The Main Menu can be opened from any test card by pressing the M A I N soft
key.
The items in the list can be selected using the cursor keys. When an item is
selected (highlighted), the soft keys are labelled with the functions available for
this specific item.
Figure 5-7:
Main menu, "New CT-
Test" selected
5.3.1 New CT-Test

By selecting "New CT-Test" in the main menu and then pressing the soft key
O K , a new CT test with the default parameter settings is loaded and displayed
in the CT-Object card. Some of the default values can be defined in the "Default
Test Settings".
Figure 5-8:
CT-Object card with
default test settings
The following table shows the default settings after initiating a new CT test.
Note: For more detailed information about the parameters and fields in
the CT-Object card, please refer to section 5.4.3 on page 58.
40
Table 5-2:
Default settings for a Parameter Description Default value
new CT test
Location Information about the location of the CT not changed
and (e.g. company, country, station, etc.) and
the CT (e.g. manufacturer, type, serial no.,
Object etc.).
The content of these fields is defined in the
Location settings page and the Object
settings page, respectively (opened by
pressing the D E T A I L S soft key displayed
when the cursor is positioned in these
fields).
For more detailed information, please refer
to section 5.4.2 on page 57.
I-pn Rated primary current. "?"1
I-sn Rated secondary current. "?"1
Standard Standard according to which the test has to As defined in
be performed. the default test
settings
P/M Protection or measurement CT. "?"1
Class Class definition for the CT. "?"1
FS Instrument security factor. "?"1
Only applicable for:
IEC 60044-1, measurement CTs.
ext Rated continuous thermal current Ith. 120%
IEC 60044-1, measurement CTs.
RF Thermal current rating factor. 2
ANSI 30/45 measurement CTs.
Vb Secondary terminal voltage. "?"1
ANSI 30/45 protection CTs.
ALF Accuracy limiting factor. "?"1
IEC 60044-1 classes P and PR.
41
CT Analyzer
Parameter Description Default value

Ts Specified secondary time constant. "?"1
IEC 60044-1 class PR,
IEC 60044-6 classes TPY and TPZ
Kx Specified dimensioning factor. "?"1
IEC 60044-1 class PX.
Ek Specified accuracy limiting voltage. "?"1
Ie Specified accuracy limiting current. "?"1
E1 User-defined e.m.f. to verify the excitation "?"1
current at this specific e.m.f.
IEC 60044-1 class PX,
IEC 60044-6 class TPS.
Ie1 Maximum allowed excitation current at E1. "?"1
IEC 60044-1 class PX,
IEC 60044-6 class TPS.
Kssc Symmetrical short-circuit current factor. "?"1
Only applicable for IEC 60044-6.
Tp Primary time constant. 0.02s
Only applicable for IEC 60044-6.
K Specified dimensioning factor. 7.28
Only applicable for IEC 60044-6 class TPS.
V-al Specified accuracy limiting voltage. "?"1
I-al Specified accuracy limiting current. "?"1
42

Ktd Rated transient dimensioning factor. "?"1
IEC 60044-6 classes TPX, TPY and TPZ.
Duty Duty cycle. CO
IEC 60044-6 classes TPX and TPY.
t1, t2 Specified duration of first and second 0.1s
current flow.
t-al1, t-al2 Specified accuracy limiting time of first and 0.04s
second current flow.
tfr Specified dead time during auto reclosing. 0.3s
IEC 60044-6 classes TPX and TPY, duty
cycle COCO.
f Rated frequency. As defined in
the default test
settings
Rct Rated secondary winding resistance at "?"1
75°C.
Ktd calculation Defines whether the transient dimensioning acc. to
factor Ktd is calculated acc. to IEC 60044-6 IEC 60044-6
(without consideration of the remanence) (remanence not
or acc. to the OMICRON method (with considered)
consideration of the remanence).
Only displayed for IEC 60044-6 classes
TPX and TPY.
VA Rated power of the CT. "?"1
Cos ϕ Cos ϕ of the nominal burden. "n/a"
Burden Operating burden of the CT. "?"1
Cos ϕ Cos ϕ of the operating burden. "?"1
43
CT Analyzer

Class mult. This factor increases the assessment level 1.0
factor for the ratio test. E.g. a class multiplier of
0.5 means that the maximum accepted
tolerance for the ratio error is only half the
standard tolerance.
Delta Correction factor for the ratio Ratio 1
compensation measurement.
1. Parameters indicated as "?" will be guessed during the test.
5.3.2 File Handling

By selecting the item "File Handling" in the main menu all file operation functions
can be accessed using the C U R S O R U P / D O W N keys and the S E L E C T soft
key.
Figure 5-9:
File Menu
Available functions
Load Report Loading an existing report or settings file from the
Compact Flash card.
Note: You can also load a file by pressing the L O A D soft
key in the CT-Object card.
Save As Saving the current file to the Compact Flash card.
Saving a file is described in detail on page 47.
Rename File Renaming a selected file on the Compact Flash card.
Only files can be renamed. Renaming of folders is not
possible with the CT Analyzer.
44
Delete File Deleting a selected file or folder from the Compact Flash
card.
Only empty folders can be deleted. If you try to delete a
folder still containing files or subfolders, an error
message is displayed.
To select several neighboring files at a time, keep the
S H I F T key on the keyboard pressed while selecting the
files or folders using the C U R S O R U P / D O W N keys.
Copy / Cut / Paste Copying or cutting a file on the Compact Flash card and
File(s) pasting it at another location on the Compact Flash card.
Copying/cutting and pasting a file is described in detail on
page 47.
Format CF card Formatting the Compact Flash card. All data on the
Compact Flash card will be lost!
Note: In the CT Analyzer file system, the root directory can contain a
maximum of 240 files and the maximum file name length is 240
characters.
45
CT Analyzer
Working with the file system

After selecting one of the available file operation functions in the File Menu, the
file system card is displayed showing the current path in its title bar and the file
system elements in the card area (refer to figure 5-10).
Navigating in the file system
• To open a folder, select its entry (see figure 5-10, left) using the cursor keys
and then press the E N T E R key.
• To go one level higher in the directory structure, select the "one level back"
entry (see figure 5-10, right) and then press the E N T E R key.
Figure 5-10:
File system card
Creating a new folder

To create a new folder, open the main menu and select the item "File Handling".
Select "Save As" to open the file system card and then navigate to the desired
location in the file system where you want to create the new folder. Then press
the N E W D I R soft key. A new folder with an empty name is created. Enter a
name for the folder and press the E N T E R key.
Figure 5-11:
Creating a new folder
Note: In the CT Analyzer file system, a directory can contain a maximum

of 240 files and the maximum file name length is 240 characters.
46
Saving a file
1. To save a file, open the main menu and select the list item "File Handling". In
the appearing File Menu, select the item "Save As".
Note: You can also save a file by pressing the S A V E or the S A V E A S
soft key in the CT-Object card.
2. Navigate to the desired folder in the file system where you want to save the
file:
• If you like to save the file with the same name press the S A V E soft key.
A warning window will pop up asking whether the existing file should be
overwritten or not.
• If you want to use a similar file name as an existing one in the selected
folder, select this file using the cursor keys and press S A V E A S or
E N T E R . A new *.xml file entry with the selected file name is added. Edit
this file name and then press again S A V E , S A V E A S or E N T E R .
Copying / cutting and pasting a file

Note: Copying / cutting and pasting of folders is not possible with the
CT Analyzer.
1. To copy or cut a file on the Compact Flash card and paste it at another
location in the file system, open the main menu and select the list item "File
Handling". In the File Menu, select the item "Copy File(s)" or "Cut File(s)".
2. The file system card appears. Navigate to the desired file you want to copy
or cut.
3. Highlight the file and then press the C O P Y (or C U T ) soft key.
To go back to the main menu without copying or cutting a file, press A B O R T .
Note: To select several neighboring files at a time, keep the S H I F T key
on the keyboard pressed while selecting the files using the
C U R S O R U P / D O W N keys.
4. The file system card is closed and the File Menu is displayed. Select the list
item "Paste File(s)".
5. The file system card appears again. Navigate to the desired location in the
file system where you want to paste the file.
6. Press the P A S T E soft key to paste the file.
In case of a cut/paste action, the file is not deleted from its old location until
it has been pasted at its new location.
47
CT Analyzer
5.3.3 Settings
To change the device settings or the test settings for a new CT test, select the
list item "Settings" from the main menu.
Figure 5-12:
Main menu, "Settings"
Use the C U R S O R U P / D O W N
keys to scroll through the list.
Available items in the Setting Menu

Select Language Selection of the user interface language.
A maximum of two languages can be installed on the
CT Analyzer. The English user interface is part of the
firmware and therefore always available. The second
language can be installed by the user as required (refer
to section 5.3.4 on page 52).
Default Test Card Select the test cards a new CT test should contain by
Selection default. Please refer to the corresponding subsection
below.
Default Standard Standard to be used for a new CT test.
Possible values: IEC 60044-1, IEC 60044-6, ANSI 30,
ANSI 45.
ANSI 30 and ANSI 45 represent the standard
IEEE C57.13 with knee-point calculation either for 30° or
45° tangent.
48
Default Nominal Nominal frequency to be used for a new CT test.

Frequency
Possible values: 16.7 Hz, 50 Hz, 60 Hz.
Ktd Calculation Select whether the Ktd (transient dimensioning factor)
acc. to IEC 60044-6 is calculated exactly according to the
standard or whether the calculation considers the CT
remanence (refer to section 10.17 ”Determination of
Transient Dimensioning Factor (Ktd)” on page 196).
Temperature Unit Selection of the temperature unit (°C or °F).
Ambient Default measurement temperature for winding resistance
Temperature measurement.
Possible values: -40 to 150°C
Date/Time Clock settings for the device-internal clock.
Display Contrast Display contrast adjustment.
K-Value Error Enable or disable the K-value error graph.
Graph
This graph is primarily required for Chinese standards. It
shows the maximum possible primary current (K * Ipn)
that can flow over a specific burden without exceeding
the accuracy limit (5% or 10%).
Start Delay Allows the definition of a delay time of up to 10s for the
test start after pressing the start button.
Misc. Settings In the "Miscellaneous Settings", the thresholds for the
decision algorithms of the guesser function can be
defined:
• "Decision 1A/5A CT"
• "Decision P/M CT" (values "Prot. CT, if V-kn >" for 1A
and 5A CT)
• "Multiplying factor" for ratio error assessment
Please refer to the corresponding subsection below.
49
CT Analyzer
Default test card selection

To open the Select Cards page, select "Default Test Card Selection" in the main
menu and then press the S E L E C T soft key.
Figure 5-13:
Selecting default test
cards
1. To enable or disable a card, select its entry using the C U R S O R U P / D O W N

keys and then press the A D D or R E M O V E soft key. Enabled cards are
marked with a checkmark.
Some cards require the existence of other cards. This means that if you are
adding such a card, the required other cards are automatically added, too.
On the other hand, if you remove a card which is required by another card,
the other card is removed, too. The following table shows these
dependencies.
Table 5-3:
Dependencies between This card ... ... requires the existence of:
test cards
Assessment card
Resistance card
CT-Object card1
Excitation card
Comment card
Burden card
Ratio card
Burden card x
Resistance card x
Excitation card x x
Ratio card x x x
Assessment card x
Comment card x
1. The CT-Object card is always required to perform a CT test.
To save your selection and return to the Setting Menu press the B A C K soft key.
To return to the Setting Menu without saving the selection, press the E S C key.
50
Miscellaneous Settings
Figure 5-14:
Miscellaneous Settings
The following values can be defined in the "Miscellaneous Settings" page:

• "Decision 1A/5A CT"
If the guesser function is active, the device uses the measured winding
resistance to decide whether the CT is a 1A or 5A CT. This value specifies
the decision threshold.
Possible values: 0.5 to 2 Ω
Default value: 1 Ω
If measured winding resistance > defined value, the guesser function decides
that the CT’s nominal secondary current is 1A.
If measured winding resistance < defined value, the guesser function decides
that the CT’s nominal secondary current is 5A.
• "Decision P/M CT"
If the guesser function is active, the device uses the measured knee-point
voltage to decide whether the measured CT is a protection CT or a
measurement CT. This value specifies the decision threshold.
If knee-point voltage > defined value, the guesser function decides that the
measured CT is a protection CT. Otherwise it is a measurement CT.
"1A: Prot. CT, if V-kn >"
Possible values: 50 to 300V
Default value: 100V
"5A: Prot. CT, if V-kn >"
Possible values: 15 to 60V
Default value: 20V
• "Class mult. factor"
The default value for the class multiplying factor can be set. This default is
used when the CT Analyzer is switched on or if a new CT test is selected in
the main menu. The class multiplying factor increases the assessment level
for the ratio test.
51
CT Analyzer
E.g. a class multiplier of 0.5 means that the maximum accepted tolerance for
the ratio error is only half the standard tolerance (all ratio tolerance values are
multiplied with the entered factor).
Possible values: 0.25 to 1.00
Default value: 1.00
The R E S E T V A L U E S soft key resets all values to their default values.
5.3.4 Tools
Using the item "Tools" in the main menu you can access the update functions of
the CT Analyzer.
Figure 5-15:
Main menu, "Tools"
Note: Instead of using the CT Analyzer functions "Update Text" and "Update
Firmware" described below you can alternatively use the Firmware
Update PC tool contained in the CT Analyzer PC Toolset. For detailed
information, please refer to section 6.6 on page 131.
Available functions
Update Text Using this item you can install a new user interface
language file.
The file system page opened after selecting the "Update
Text" function only displays files named CTUser*.bin.
Please refer to the following subsection.
Update Firmware Using this item you can update the firmware of your
CT Analyzer.
The file system page opened after selecting the "Update
Firmware" function only displays files named
CTAnalyzer*.bin.
Please refer to the following subsection.
52
Update Licenses This function allows to add additional licenses to your

CT Analyzer.
Using the U P D A T E L I C E N S E soft key you can read a

license file from the Compact Flash card.
Using the N E W L I C E N S E soft key you can add new
licenses manually.
For information how to receive new licenses or a new
license key for additional functions, please contact your
local OMICRON distributor or the OMICRON support.
Reset to Fact. This function is intended for future use.
Calibration
It allows to restore the factory calibration data.
Update Text
Figure 5-16:
Update text
After selecting "Update Text" you can install a new user interface language file.
This language is then available for selection in the "Language" page.
To install a new language, select the corresponding file CTUser_xxx.bin in
the directory A:\OMICRON\ on the Compact Flash card using the C U R S O R
U P / D O W N keys and press the S E L E C T soft key.
53
CT Analyzer
English is contained in the firmware and does not require a user language file.
Attention: Only install language files that are included in the package of the
installed firmware version.
If you install a language file that does not belong to the same
package, the user interface may become unreadable.
Note: Refer to the OMICRON website for available languages or ask your
distributor for a special language file.
If the text update process is interrupted or fails, the device displays an error
message and automatically resets the user interface to English when it is
switched on the next time.
Press A B O R T to return to the Tools Menu without installing a new language.
Update Firmware
Figure 5-17:
Update firmware
To update the firmware, insert a Compact Flash card containing a file

CTAnalyzer*.bin in the directory A:\OMICRON\.
After selecting "Update Firmware" in the Tools Menu, the file system opens,
displaying all firmware files available in the directory A:\OMICRON\.
To update the firmware, select the desired firmware file CTAnalyzer*.bin
using the C U R S O R U P / D O W N keys and press the U P D A T E F I R M W . soft
key.
Note: The firmware update process may take some minutes. If the
update process is interrupted or fails, switch the CT Analyzer off
and on again. The device then tries to perform the firmware update
again automatically.
54
Attention: It is possible to install older firmware. In this case, the user interface
text is deleted and the device automatically changes to the English
user interface. After you have downgraded the firmware, you also
have to install the user interface language file of this (older)
firmware package.
After an installation of new firmware, the user interface language
automatically changes to English, if the installed user interface text
is no longer compatible. If you are using a user interface language
other than English, install the corresponding new user interface
language file delivered with the new firmware.
Press A B O R T to return to the Tools Menu without updating the firmware.
55
CT Analyzer
5.4 CT-Object Card

The CT-Object card is the most important card and always required for all types
of tests. In this card all necessary settings for a test are done.
Note: The CT-Object card is the top user interface level. Pressing the E S C
key several times will always bring you back to the CT-Object card.
Some of the settings contained in the CT-Object card are also shown in other
cards for information.
Figure 5-18:
Default CT-Object card
after loading a new test
5.4.1 Available Soft Keys

Clears the results of the previous test and enables to start a new test.
All measurement results as well as all the parameters previously
determined using the "guesser function" are cleared.
Text entries in the fields "Location" and "Object" remain unchanged.
Saves the test results and test settings to the currently loaded
CT Analyzer report file. If the test results have not been saved yet, the
S A V E A S dialog is opened. Saving a file is described on page 47.
Saves the test results and test settings to a new .xml file. Saving a
file is described on page 47.
Allows to load a test stored on the Compact Flash card in order to

check its results, to recalculate the results with different settings or to
use its settings for a new test.
Note: Recalculation of the existing CT test results in order to verify the
behavior of the CT at different burdens or primary currents can be
performed by changing the burden value on the CT-Object card or the
primary current on the Ratio card. The recalculated results can then
be stored again like for a regular test.
56
Opens the Select Cards page where you can select the test cards for
the current test. The Select Cards page is described on page 50.
Attention: When loading a new CT test from the main menu (using
the item "New CT-Test"), the test card selection defined in the default
test settings is used for this new test. The card selection performed in
the CT-Object card will then be discarded.
5.4.2 Information Fields to be Filled by the User

Figure 5-19:
Editing the location
settings in the CT-
Object card
The text fields "Location" and "Object" are only used for reporting and
documentation purposes. They can be filled by the user after the test is finished.
These fields provide information about the location of the CT and the CT itself.
The content of these fields is defined in the Location settings page and the
Object settings page, respectively.
To open these settings cards, position the cursor on the "Location" or the
"Object" field and then press the D E T A I L S soft key or the E N T E R key.
Table 5-4:
Information in the CT- Card Description
Object card to be filled
by the user Location The Location settings page provides the following text fields.
settings Each field can contain a maximum of 40 numbers or letters.
card
• Company, Country, Station, Feeder:
Company, country, station and feeder where the CT is
installed.
• Phase:
Phase to which the CT is connected.
• IEC-ID:
IEC-ID number of the CT or freely definable information.
57
CT Analyzer
Card Description
Object The Object settings page provides the following text fields.
settings Each field can contain a maximum of 40 numbers or letters.
card
• Manufact.: Manufacturer of the CT under test.
• Type: Type number or description of the CT under test.
• Serial No.: Serial number of the CT under test.
• Core: Number of the tested core.
• Tap: Description of the tap (e.g. 1S1-1S3).
• Optional 1: Optional field for free use.
5.4.3 Parameters and Settings Used or Determined by the

Test Process
The CT-Object card fields described in this section are used and/or determined
by the test process.
Figure 5-20:
Editing the CT-Object
card
Parameters and settings displayed for all standards, CT types

and classes
The following table 5-5 lists all parameters and settings that are displayed for all
standards, CT types and classes. In addition to these common parameters,
specific additional parameters are displayed in the CT-Object card depending
on the selected standard, CT type (protection or measurement CT) and class.
These parameters and settings are described in the following tables 5-6 to 5-15.
58
Table 5-5:
Common fields for all Parameter Description
standards, used and/or
determined by the test I-pn Rated primary current.
Possible values: 1 to 99000A (keyboard) or ? soft key.
Resolution: 0.1A
Default value: "?".
If the question mark is entered and a new test is started, the
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the nominal primary
current. See the flow chart in section 10.18 on page 198.
I-sn Rated secondary current.
Possible values: 0.0001 to 10A (keyboard) or soft keys 1 . 0 ,
2 . 0 , 5 . 0 , 1 / S Q R T ( 3 ) , 2 / S Q R T ( 3 ) , 5 / S Q R T ( 3 ) or ? .
Resolution: 0.0001A
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the nominal secondary
current. See the flow chart in section 10.18 on page 198.
Standard Standard according to which the test has to be performed.
Possible values: Soft keys 6 0 0 4 4 - 1 , 6 0 0 4 4 - 6 , A N S I 3 0 or
ANSI45.
Default value: Standard defined in the default test settings.
The standard IEEE C57.13 includes two variants which differ in
the definition of the knee point. Therefore either ANSI 30 or ANSI
45 can be selected. For current transformers with non-gapped
cores, the knee is defined as the point where the tangent is at 45°
(ANSI 45) to the abscissa. For current transformers with gapped
cores, the knee is defined as the point where the tangent is at 30°
(ANSI 30) to the abscissa.
Note: Using the ANSI 45 standard for transformers with gapped
cores may possibly deliver incorrect results.
Note: The parameter definition syntax for the different standards
is described in chapter 11 on page 207.
P/M Definition of CT type: Protection or measurement CT.
Possible values: Soft keys P R O T . C T, M E A S . C T or ? .
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the CT type to be used.
See the flow chart in section 10.18 on page 198.
59
CT Analyzer
Parameter Description
Class Accuracy class of the CT.
Possible values: Depending on the selected standard or ? .
The class can be selected by soft keys or is determined during
the test by the guesser function. The class guesser function only
works for the standards IEC 60044-1 and IEEE C57.13
(ANSI 30, ANSI 45). If the "?" is entered, the device selects the
class that first meets the class criteria for the selected standard
and type of CT (protection/measurement CT).
For a detailed description of the parameter definition syntax,
please refer to chapter 11 on page 207.
Definition of the "Class" parameter by the user is only possible, if
the parameters "Standard" and "P/M" have been defined before.
Depending on these parameters, the parameters for the CT class
can be selected using the soft keys.
If the question mark has been entered for the parameter "P/M",
the "Class" cannot be defined by the user but is automatically
determined (guessed) by the CT Analyzer during the test
instead.
VA Nominal burden of the CT, used to calculate the behavior of the
Cosϕ CT at the nominal burden.
Possible values: 0 to 300VA (keyboard) or soft keys 1 . 0 A to
3 0 A or ? to determine the burden using the guesser function
(refer to section 10.19 ”Guesser Algorithm for Burden” on
page 204).
Depending on the guessed burden and the selected test
standard, the corresponding cos ϕ is used (cos ϕ not editable by
the user):
cos ϕ depending on selected nominal burden and standard

Nominal Selected standard
burden
60044-1
60044-1
60044-1
60044-6
C57.13
C57.13
(ANSI)
(ANSI)
[VA]
PX
M
M
P
<5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.9

>=5.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.9
continued...
60
(cont.) If an ANSI standard is selected (ANSI 30, ANSI 45), the
CT Analyzer offers some soft keys (B - 1 , B - 2 , B - 4 , B - 8 ) with
standard ANSI loads for the power. If these soft keys are used,
the power is calculated according to table 9 in IEEE C57.13. If
the rated current is not 5A, the resistance and inductance of the
table is multiplied by the following factor:
5 2
α = ⎛⎝ -------------⎞⎠
I rated
Burden "Burden" and "Cos ϕ" are used to define the operating burden
Cos ϕ connected to the CT. These parameters are used to calculate the
behavior of the CT at the operating burden (connected burden)
and the corresponding cos ϕ.
Possible values for "Burden":
0 to 300VA (keyboard) or soft keys 1 . 0 A to 3 0 A or ? .
Possible values for "Cos ϕ": 0 to 1 (keyboard).
If the "?" was entered or no value was entered, the device tries to
guess the operating burden (refer to section 10.19 ”Guesser
Algorithm for Burden” on page 204).
If the test contains a Burden card, a question mark is
automatically entered to the fields "Burden" and "cos ϕ" and
entering the burden is not possible until the test is finished. In this
case, the value determined during the burden test is automatically
entered after burden measurement. If "I-sn" is defined, the burden
is updated immediately after the burden test is finished. If "I-sn" is
not defined (entry "?"), the burden is updated after the resistance
test.
These parameters can also be changed after the test or in a
loaded test report in order to check the CT behavior at different
burden values.
f Rated frequency of the CT.
Possible values: Integer value between 16 and 400 Hz
(keyboard) or soft keys 1 6 . 7 H Z , 5 0 H Z , 6 0 H Z or 4 0 0 H Z .
Default value: Frequency defined in the default test settings.
Rct Specified winding resistance.
Possible values: 0 to 300 ohms (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
61
CT Analyzer
Class mult. Class multiplying factor.
factor
This factor increases the assessment level for the ratio test. E.g.
a class multiplier of 0.5 means that the maximum accepted
tolerance for the ratio error is only half the standard tolerance (all
ratio tolerance values are multiplied with the entered factor).
Possible values: 0.25 to 1.00 (keyboard) or soft key 1 . 0 .
Default value: 1.0.
Delta com- Correction factor for the ratio measurement. This factor enables
pensation the ratio measurement for CTs that are installed inside a delta
winding transformer.
Possible values:
Soft keys R A T I O 1 , R A T I O 2 / 3 or R A T I O 1 / 3 .
Default value: "Ratio 1".
Choose "Ratio 1", if no correction is required.
Choose "Ratio 2/3", if input PRIM is connected to the two
terminals of that transformer winding, the CT is in series.
Choose "Ratio 1/3" if input PRIM is connected to the terminals of
a transformer winding, the CT is not in series with.
Specific parameters and settings displayed for IEC 60044-1,

class P
The following parameters are only displayed in the CT-Object card, if the
standard IEC 60044-1, class P for protection CTs is selected.
Table 5-6:
Parameters displayed in
the CT-Object card for
IEC 60044-1 class P ALF Accuracy limiting factor acc. to IEC 60044-1.
Possible values: Integer value from 1 to 300 (keyboard) or soft
keys ? , 5 , 1 0 , 1 5 , 2 0 or 3 0 .
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the accuracy limiting
factor. See the flow chart in section 10.18 on page 198.
62

class PR
standard IEC 60044-1, class PR for protection CTs is selected.
Table 5-7:
IEC 60044-1 class PR ALF Accuracy limiting factor acc. to IEC 60044-1.
keys ? , 5 , 1 0 , 1 5 , 2 0 or 3 0 .
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the accuracy limiting
Ts Specified secondary time constant.
Possible values: 0.000 to 100.0s (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: 100s.

class PX
standard IEC 60044-1, class PX for protection CTs is selected.
Table 5-8:
IEC 60044-1 class PX Kx Dimensioning factor according to IEC 60044-1 class PX.
Possible values: 1 to 300 (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
Ek Accuracy limiting voltage according to IEC 60044-1 class PX.
Possible values: 0 to 20000 (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
Ie Accuracy limiting current according to IEC 60044-1 class PX.
Possible values: 0.03mA to 30A (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
63
CT Analyzer
E1 User-defined e.m.f. to verify the excitation current at this specific
e.m.f.
Possible values: 0.1 to 20000V (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
If the question mark is entered, half the voltage entered or
measured for Ek is used.
Ie1 Maximum allowed excitation current at E1.
Possible values: 0.03mA to 30000mA (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
If the question mark is entered, the CT Analyzer uses the
excitation current measured at the voltage value defined at E1.
In this case, the assessment for this parameter is OK.

measurement CTs
standard IEC 60044-1 is selected with the type "Measurement CT".
Table 5-9:
IEC 60044-1, FS Instrument security factor acc. to IEC 60044-1.
measurement CTs
keys ? , F S 1 , F S 1 . 5 , F S 2 , F S 5 , F S 1 0 , F S 2 0 or F S 3 0 .
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the instrument security
ext Extended current rating.
Possible values: 100 to 400% (keyboard) or soft keys 1 2 0 % ,
150%, 200%, 300%, 400%.
Default value: 120%.
64

class TPS
standard IEC 60044-6, class TPS is selected.
Table 5-10:
IEC 60044-6 class TPS Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor.
Possible values: 1 to 300A (keyboard) or soft keys ? , 3 , 5 , 7 . 5 ,
1 0 , 1 2 . 5 , 1 5 , 1 7 . 5 , 2 0 , 2 5 , 3 0 , 4 0 or 5 0 .
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the symmterical short-
circuit current factor. See the flow chart in section 10.18 on page
198.
Tp Primary time constant.
Possible values: 0.000 to 5.000s (keyboard) or soft keys 2 0 M S ,
4 0 M S , 6 0 M S , 8 0 M S , 1 0 0 M S or 1 2 0 M S .
Tp = K – 1-
Tp depends on K as follows: ------------
ω
K Dimensioning factor.
Possible values: 1 to 1572 (keyboard).
K depends on Tp as described above for parameter Tp.
V-al Rated equivalent excitation limiting secondary voltage.
Possible values: 0 to 9999V (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
I-al Accuracy limiting secondary excitation current.
Default value: "?".
E1 User-defined e.m.f. to verify the excitation current at this specific
e.m.f.
Possible values: 0.1 to 20000V (keyboard) or soft key ? .
If the question mark is entered, half the voltage entered or
measured for Ek is used.
65
CT Analyzer
Ie1 Maximum allowed excitation current at E1 (user-defined e.m.f.).
If the question mark is entered, the CT Analyzer uses the
excitation current measured at the voltage value defined at E1.
In this case, the assessment for this parameter is OK.

class TPX
standard IEC 60044-6, class TPX is selected.
Table 5-11:
the CT-Object card for Parameter Description
IEC 60044-6 class TPX Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor.
Possible values: 1 to 300A (keyboard) or soft keys ? , 3 , 5 , 7 . 5 ,
1 0 , 1 2 . 5 , 1 5 , 1 7 . 5 , 2 0 , 2 5 , 3 0 , 4 0 or 5 0 .
Default value: "?".
4 0 M S , 6 0 M S , 8 0 M S , 1 0 0 M S or 1 2 0 M S .
Default value: 0.02s.
Ktd Rated transient dimensioning factor.
Possible values: 1.0 to 2043 (keyboard) or soft key ? .
Default value: "?".
Duty Specified duty cycle.
Using the soft keys, two different energizing cycles can be
selected:
Default value: "C-O".
66
t1 Duration of first current flow. The specified accuracy limit must
not be reached within time "t-al1".
Possible values: 0.000 to 5.000s (keyboard) or soft key
100MS.
t2 Duration of second current flow. The specified accuracy limit
must not be reached within time "t-al2".
This parameter is only displayed if "Duty" is C-O-C-O.
100MS.
t-al1 Permissible time to accuracy limit for first energizing period of
the duty cycle.
Possible values: 0.000 to 5.000s and max. t1 (keyboard) or soft
key 4 0 M S .
t-al2 Permissible time to accuracy limit for second energizing period
of the duty cycle.
key 4 0 M S .
tfr Dead time between first opening and reclosure.
Possible values: 0.00 to 5.00s (keyboard) or soft key 3 0 0 M S .
67
CT Analyzer

class TPY
standard IEC 60044-6, class TPY is selected.
Table 5-12:
IEC 60044-6 class TPY Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor.
Possible values: 1 to 300A (keyboard) or soft keys displayed
when the field is selected.
Default value: "?".
4 0 M S , 6 0 M S , 8 0 M S , 1 0 0 M S or 1 2 0 M S .
Default value: "?".
Default value: "?".
Duty Specified duty cycle.
Using the soft keys, two different energizing cycles can be
selected:
t1 Duration of first current flow. The specified accuracy limit must

not be reached within time "t-al1".
100MS.
68
t2 Duration of second current flow. The specified accuracy limit
must not be reached within time "t-al2".
100MS.
t-al1 Permissible time to accuracy limit for first energizing period of
the duty cycle.
key 4 0 M S .
t-al2 Permissible time to accuracy limit for second energizing period
of the duty cycle.
key 4 0 M S .
tfr Dead time between first opening and reclosure.
Possible values: 0.00 to 5.00s (keyboard) or soft key 3 0 0 M S .
69
CT Analyzer

class TPZ
standard IEC 60044-6, class TPZ is selected.
Table 5-13:
IEC 60044-6 class TPZ Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor.
Possible values: 1 to 300A (keyboard) or soft keys displayed
when the field is selected.
Default value: "?".
4 0 M S , 6 0 M S , 8 0 M S , 1 0 0 M S or 1 2 0 M S .
Default value: "?".
Default value: "?".
Specific parameters and settings displayed for IEEE C57.13

(ANSI 30, ANSI 45), protection CTs
standard ANSI 30 or ANSI 45 is selected with the type "Protection CT".
Table 5-14:
ANSI 30 or ANSI 45, Vb Rated secondary terminal voltage.
protection CTs
Possible values: Integer values from 10 to 1200A (keyboard) or
soft keys ? , 1 0 V, 2 0 V, 5 0 V, 1 0 0 V, 2 0 0 V, 4 0 0 V or 8 0 0 V.
Default value: "?".
CT Analyzer automatically tries to guess the secondary terminal
voltage. See the flow chart on page 200.
70
Specific parameters and settings displayed for IEEE C57.13

(ANSI 30, ANSI 45), measurement CTs
standard ANSI 30 or ANSI 45 is selected with the type "Measurement CT".
Table 5-15:
ANSI 30 or ANSI 45, RF Continuous current rating factor.
measurement CTs
Possible values: Value from 1.0 to 4.0A (keyboard) or soft keys
R F 1 . 5 , R F 2 , R F 3 or R F 4 .
Default value: 2.
71
CT Analyzer
5.5 Burden Card

The Burden card is only available, if it is enabled in the Select Cards page
(Default Test Card Selection or S E L E C T C A R D S soft key in the CT-Object
card).
Using the Burden card, a current transformer’s secondary burden impedance
can be measured with the selected secondary current (I-sn) at nominal
frequency. If a current other than I-sn should be used to test the burden, the
desired test current can be entered in the parameter field "I-test".
No soft keys are available in the Burden card.
Figure 5-21:
Burden card with
"remote" icon (left) and
with overload indication
(right)
If the CT Analyzer cannot reach the desired test current I-test, an overload
message is displayed in the right-hand corner of the status line (see figure 5-21).
5.5.1 Test Settings

The following settings can be done in the Burden card.
Table 5-16:
Test settings for the Parameter Description
burden test
I-test Test current used to measure the external burden.
After clearing the test results or when starting a new CT test, the
test current is chosen as follows:
Value entered for Value entered for Test current used
I-sn I-test for burden test
in CT-Object card in Burden card
"?" none 1A
e.g. "?" e.g. 5A 5A (value of I-test)
e.g. 5A none 5A (value of I-sn)
e.g. 5A e.g. 1A 1A (value of I-test)
It is possible to overwrite the default test current using the

keyboard (0.1 to 5A).
72
5.5.2 Test Results

The lower part of the Burden card shows the results of the burden test after the
test is finished.
Table 5-17:
Burden test results Parameter Description
I-meas Current measured during the test.
V-meas Voltage measured at the load during the test.
Burden / Calculated as follows:
Cos ϕ
R
2
Burden = I sn × Z Cosϕ =
X + R2
2
L
If the rated secondary current is not known, the result field will
only show "n/a" as long as I-sn is not defined.
Z Calculated as follows:
U rms
Z = -----------
-
I rms
5.5.3 Connecting the Burden and Running the Test

1. For the burden test, connect the burden to the CT Analyzer as shown in
figure 5-22. You can display the connection diagram by pressing the H E L P
key on the keyboard while the Burden card is open.
Figure 5-22:
CT Analyzer help page
for burden wiring
2. In the Burden card, use the default test current or enter the desired test
current to parameter "I-test" and start the burden test by pressing the I / 0
key.
3. A message appears prior to the test notifying you that you should check the
wiring before running the test (figure 5-23).
73
CT Analyzer
Figure 5-23:
Message displayed
prior to burden test
Check the wiring (refer to figure 5-22) and then press the S T A R T T E S T soft
key to start the burden test. Or press C A N C E L T E S T to abort the burden
test.
If you do not want to execute the burden test, press S K I P T E S T . This will
skip the burden test and immediately start the CT test without a previous
burden test. This allows you to repeat the CT test without repeating the
burden test.
74
5.6 Resistance Card

The Resistance card is only available, if it is enabled in the Select Cards page
card).
For testing a CT, the Resistance card is always required since the CT winding
resistance is needed for particular calculations in the excitation and ratio test.
The test is performed completely automatically. For the test, a DC signal is
applied to the CT until the transformer saturates. When saturation of the CT is
reached, the measurement is done.
If only a winding resistance test is selected, a demagnetizing cycle is performed
after the test to guarantee complete demagnetization of the CT.
Figure 5-24:
Resistance card
5.6.1 Test Settings

The following settings are required to perform the resistance test.
Table 5-18:
Test settings for the Parameter Description
resistance test
I-test Test current used to measure the winding resistance. The value
of the test current cannot be changed. Its maximum value is 1 A.
If Isn is between 0.1 and 1 A, I-test is automatically set to Isn.
If Isn is lower than 0.1 A, I-test is automatically set to 0.1 A.
T-meas Winding temperature of the CT when the measurement is
performed.
Possible values: -40 to 150°C or -40 to 302°F (keyboard).
Default value: Ambient Temperature defined in the Settings
(main menu).
If this temperature is not set correctly, the reference resistance
value (R-ref) at reference temperature will not be calculated
correctly.
75
CT Analyzer
T-ref Reference temperature, i.e temperature the CT is specified for.
Possible values: -40 to 150°C or -40 to 302°F (keyboard).
Default value: 75°C.
This parameter can also be changed after the test in order to
recalculate the test results accordingly.
The winding resistance at reference temperature is calculated
from the winding resistance measured at ambient temperature
(T-meas) and the specified reference temperature.
5.6.2 Test Results

The following parameters show the results of the resistance test after the test is
finished.
Table 5-19:
Resistance test results
I-DC Measurement current.
V-DC Measurement voltage.
R-meas Measured resistance at ambient temperature, calculated as
follows:
R-meas = V-DC / I-DC
R-ref Reference resistance (temperature-compensated resistance,
compensated to T-ref). Calculated as follows:
V DC 234.5 + T ref
R ref = ---------- × ----------------------------------
I DC 234.5 + T meas
76
5.7 Excitation Card

The Excitation card is only available, if it is enabled in the Select Cards page
card).
The excitation test is used to trace the excitation curve of the current transformer
and to determine many CT-specific parameters (see test results below). The test
is done completely automatically up to a current of 15Apeak.
CTs with closed cores can be tested up to a knee point voltage of 15kV. For CTs
with gapped cores the maximum test voltage and current is limited depending
on the maximum output power of the device. Typical maximum current and
voltage values for a TPZ core are 9Arms at 1200Vrms.
The settings for the excitation test are specified in the CT-Object card. For a
better understanding of the test results, the most important settings from the CT-
Object card are shown in the upper part of the Excitation card.
The test results displayed in the lower part of the Excitation card depend on the
standard selected in the CT-Object card. Using the soft keys, the user can
choose between different sets of results. If the soft key R E S U L T S W I T H N O M .
B U R D E N is pressed, the page shows the results related to the nominal burden
(parameter "VA" in CT-Object card). If the soft key R E S U L T S W I T H O P .
B U R D E N is pressed, the page shows the results related to the operating burden
(parameter "Burden" in CT-Object card).
Pressing the soft key E X C I T . G R A P H opens a page with the excitation graph
(see page 85).
Pressing the soft key K - V A L U E E R R O R G R A P H opens a page with a graph
showing the maximum possible primary current (K * Ipn) that can flow over a
specific burden without exceeding the accuracy limit (5% or 10%).
Figure 5-25:
Excitation card with
values related to
nominal burden
If the CT Analyzer displays an overload in the Excitation card, either the desired
knee point could not be reached or not all necessary measurement points could
be taken (e.g. in the knee point area, not enough points for a proper calculation
of the knee point could be measured).
77
CT Analyzer

Opens the excitation graph page (refer to section 5.7.4 on page 85).
Displays the results related to the nominal burden of the CT.
Displays the results related to the operating burden.
Opens the K-value error graph page (refer to section 5.7.5 on page
88).
This graph is part of Chinese standards and shows the maximum
possible primary current (K * Ipn) that can flow over a specific burden
without exceeding the accuracy limit.
5.7.2 Settings
The upper part of the Excitation card shows the test settings adjusted in the CT-
Object card.
5.7.3 Test Results

The test results are displayed in the lower part of the Excitation card. The
display of test results depends
• on the standard defined in the CT-Object card, the class and the type of CT
(measurement or protection CT) and
• the burden selected with the soft key (R E S U L T S W I T H N O M . B U R D E N
or R E S U L T S W I T H O P . B U R D E N ).
The following tables provide an overview of which test results (parameters) are
displayed for which standard.
78
Table 5-20:
Excitation card, test
results displayed for
Note: Depending on the selected burden, the Excitation card shows the
IEC 60044-1 results either calculated with the nominal burden (R E S U L T S W I T H
N O M . B U R D E N ) or calculated with the operating burden (R E S U L T S
W I T H O P . B U R D E N ).
The displayed pages are identical to a large extend, except the field
label for the burden parameter ("VA" in case of nominal burden and
"Burden" in case of operating burden) and the result values.
Para- Description Results displayed for
meter IEC 60044-1
meas. CT prot. CT
V-kn Knee point voltage (acc. to standard)
of the uppermost knee point found
V-kn1 x x
(definition of knee point see section
10.15 on page 192).
I-kn Knee point current (acc. to standard)
of the uppermost knee point found. x x
I-kn1
V-kn2 Knee point voltage (acc. to standard)
of the lowest knee point found
x x
(definition of knee point see section
10.15 on page 192).
I-kn2 Knee point current (acc. to standard)
x x
of the lowest knee point found.
ALF Accuracy limiting factor according to
IEC 60044-1 direct measurement
method, calculated for nominal and
operating burden (calculation see
section 10.6.1 on page 184). class P &
class PR
If the CT Analyzer is not able to only
measure up to the actual accuracy
limiting factor, the prefix ">" is
displayed to indicate that the ALF is
larger than the displayed value.
79
CT Analyzer

meter IEC 60044-1
meas. CT prot. CT
ALFi Accuracy limiting factor according to
IEC 60044-1 indirect measurement
section 10.6.2 on page 186). class P &
class PR
If the CT Analyzer is not able to only
measure up to the actual accuracy
limiting factor, the prefix ">" is
displayed to indicate that the ALFi is
larger than the displayed value.
Kx Dimensioning factor (acc. to
class PX
IEC 60044-1 class PX) at accuracy
only
limit with the selected load.
FS Instrument security factor according to
IEC 60044-1 direct measurement
section 10.5.1 on page 179).
x
If the CT Analyzer is not able to
measure up to the actual instrument
security current, the prefix ">" is
displayed to indicate that FS is larger
than the displayed value.
FSi Instrument security factor according to
IEC 60044-1 indirect measurement
x
If the CT Analyzer is not able to
measure up to the actual instrument
security current, the prefix ">" is
displayed to indicate that FSi is larger
than the displayed value.
Ls Saturated inductance (calculation see
x x
section 10.13 on page 191).
Lm Non-saturated inductance (calculation
x x
see section 10.14 on page 192).
80

meter IEC 60044-1
meas. CT prot. CT
Ts Secondary time constant (calculation
method see section 10.10 on page x x
188).
Kr Remanence factor (calculation see
x x
Ek Accuracy limiting voltage according to
IEC 60044-1 for class PX (that point
on the excitation graph where an class PX
increase of the e.m.f. rms voltage only
(core flux) by 10 % causes an increase
of the rms current by 50%).
Ie Accuracy limiting current according to class PX
IEC 60044-1 class PX (at Ek). only
E1 User-defined e.m.f. to verify the class PX
excitation current at this e.m.f. only
Ie1 Max. allowed excitation current at E1. class PX
only
Table 5-21:
results displayed for Note: Depending on the selected burden, the Excitation card shows the
IEC 60044-6 results either calculated with the nominal burden (R E S U L T S W I T H
meter IEC 60044-6, class
TPS TPX / TPZ
TPY
V-kn Knee point voltage according to standard
(definition of knee point see section 10.15 x x x
on page 192).
I-kn Knee point current according to standard. x x x
81
CT Analyzer

TPS TPX / TPZ
TPY
Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current
factor at accuracy limit with the selected
load (calculation see section 10.8 on
page 187).
If the CT Analyzer is not able to measure x x x
up to the actual short circuit current factor,
the prefix ">" is displayed to indicate that
the Kssc is larger than the displayed
value.
Ktd Theoretical transient dimensioning factor
(calculation see section 10.17 on page x x
196).
x x x
x x x
Ts Secondary time constant (calculation see
x x x
x x x
V-al Accuracy limiting voltage according to
IEC 60044-6 for class TPS (that point on
the excitation graph where an increase of
x
the emf rms voltage (core flux) by 10 %
causes an increase of the peak current by
100 %).
I-al Accuracy limiting current according to
x
IEC 60044-6 class TPS (at V-al).
E1 User-defined e.m.f. to verify the excitation
x
current at this e.m.f.
Ie1 Max. allowed excitation current at E1. x
82

TPS TPX / TPZ
TPY
E-max Maximum emf voltage.
2 2
E max = K dt_meas ⋅ K ssc ⋅ ( I sn ⋅ ( R CT + R b ) + X b )
x
This parameter allows the determination
of the working point on the excitation
curve that would be reached with the
entered settings.
ε^ Peak instantaneous error at voltage Emax
(calculation see section 10.7 on page x
187).
Table 5-22:
results displayed for
Note: Depending on the selected burden, the Excitation card shows the
ANSI (IEEE C57.13) results either calculated with the nominal burden (R E S U L T S W I T H
meter ANSI (IEEE C57.13)
meas. CT prot. CT
V-kn Knee point voltage according to standard
(definition of knee point see section 10.15 x x
on page 192).
I-kn Knee point current according to standard. x x
83
CT Analyzer

meter ANSI (IEEE C57.13)
meas. CT prot. CT
FS Instrument security factor (direct
measurement method), calculated for
nominal and operating burden
(calculation see section 10.5.1 on page
179).
x
If the CT Analyzer is not able to measure
up to the actual instrument security
current, the prefix ">" is displayed to
indicate that FS is larger than the
displayed value.
FSi Instrument security factor (indirect
measurement method), calculated for
nominal and operating burden
(calculation see section 10.5.2 on page
181).
x
If the CT Analyzer is not able to measure
up to the actual instrument security
current, the prefix ">" is displayed to
indicate that FSi is larger than the
displayed value.
Vb Rated secondary terminal voltage. x
x x
x x
x x
method see section 10.10 on page 188).
x x
84
5.7.4 Excitation Graph

The excitation graph page shows the graph calculated from the test results. To
display the excitation graph, press the E X I T . G R A P H soft key in the Excitation
card. The graph shows the rms terminal/core voltage over the rms/peak current
depending on the selected standard.
On the bottom right of the diagram the voltage, current and inductance values
for the selected point in the graph are displayed. The currently selected point in
the graph is marked by a horizontal and a vertical dashed line.
In this page it is possible to load the excitation graph of an already saved test
from the Compact Flash card in order to compare this graph with the one of the
current test.
Figure 5-26:
Excitation graph
Table 5-23:
Definition of the axes in Definition of axes for different standards
the excitation graph for
different standards Standard Vertical axis Horizontal axis
IEC 60044-1 rms terminal voltage rms excitation current
IEC 60044-6 rms emf voltage1 peak excitation current
IEEE C57.13 (ANSI) rms emf voltage1 rms excitation current
1. Calculation of the rms emf voltage see section 10.4 on page 178.
Available soft keys

Moves the cursor upwards on the excitation graph.
Moves the cursor downwards on the excitation graph.
Switches off the display of values on the bottom right of the diagram.
If you have switched off the values, this soft key changes to T E X T O N
to switch the values display on again.
85
CT Analyzer
Closes the excitation graph and brings you back to the Excitation
card.
Moves the cursor to the knee point on the graph according to the
selected standard.
If two or more knee points could be found on the graph, this soft key
is alternately labelled K N E E P O I N T 1 or K N E E P O I N T 2 ,
depending on which knee point the cursor is actually positioned to.
After opening the excitation graph, the cursor shows the uppermost
knee point (knee point 1) and the soft key is labelled K N E E P O I N T 2 :
– Pressing K N E E P O I N T 2 moves the cursor to the lowest knee
point on the graph. The labelling changes to K N E E P O I N T 1 .
– Pressing K N E E P O I N T 1 moves the cursor to the uppermost
knee point on the graph. The labelling changes to
KNEE POINT 2.
Moves the cursor to the knee point on the reference graph. This soft
key is only available if a reference graph is loaded.
If the reference graph loaded has two or more knee points, this soft
key is alternately labelled R E F . K N E E P O I N T 1 or
R E F . K N E E P O I N T 2 , depending on which knee point the cursor is
actually positioned to. After loading the reference graph, the cursor
shows the uppermost knee point (knee point 1) and the soft key is
labelled R E F . K N E E P O I N T 2 :
– Pressing R E F . K N E E P O I N T 2 moves the cursor to the lowest
knee point on the reference graph. The labelling changes to
REF. K NEE P OINT 1 .
– Pressing R E F . K N E E P O I N T 1 moves the cursor to the
uppermost knee point on the reference graph. The labelling
changes to R E F . K N E E P O I N T 2 .
Opens the file system card to select a previous test in order to load the
excitation curve of this test as a reference curve and compare it with
the current one.
The reference curve is displayed as a dotted line in addition to the
excitation curve of the actual test. If a reference curve is loaded, the
values "V-ref", "I-ref" and "L-ref" are displayed in addition to the
measured values.
86
Switches off the reference curve from the display. If you have switched
off the reference curve, the soft key changes to R E F . O N to switch
the reference curve on again.
This soft key is only available if a reference curve has been loaded.
By pressing one of these soft keys you can display the measured
excitation graph and knee point as defined in the respective standard.
Note: The test report only contains the graph for the standard selected
in the CT-Object card.
Viewing the measured values for different points on the graph

By default, the knee point values are displayed after opening the excitation
graph page. However, you can also view the corresponding voltage, current and
inductance values for any point on the graph. To select a specific point on the
graph,
• either use the soft keys (C U R S O R U P , C U R S O R D O W N , K N E E P O I N T )
• or enter a specific voltage or current value using the keyboard:
– Select the desired edit field using the cursor keys on the keyboard.
– Enter the desired voltage or current value using the keyboard.
– Press the E N T E R key to apply the entered value and read the
corresponding values in the respective fields (e.g. "V-meas" and "L-meas"
if you have entered a current "I-meas").
Figure 5-27:
Entering a current value
to display its
corresponding voltage
and inductance values
on the excitation graph
87
CT Analyzer
5.7.5 K-Value Error Graph

To display the K-Value error graph, press the soft key K - V A L U E E R R O R
G R A P H in the Excitation card.
Note: The function "K-Value Error Graph" can be switched on or off in the
device settings (M A I N M E N U , entry "Settings" -> S E T T I N G M E N U ,
entry "K-Value Error Graph"). If switched off, the K-value error graph is
not included in the test report.
According to the "China Electric Regulations for protection CTs", it is necessary

to draw an error curve that shows the maximum possible primary current
(K * Ipn) that can flow over a specific burden without exceeding the accuracy limit
(or, in other words, that shows which burden value can be connected at which
primary current (K * Ipn) without exceeding the accuracy limit).
Depending on the class (5P or 10P), the accuracy limit is 5% or 10%:
I ext
-----------------------
- ⋅ 100 = 10 or 5
I sn ⋅ ALFi
All standards are supported, except IEC 60044-6 class TPZ.

Figure 5-28:
K-value error graph
Available soft keys

Moves the cursor upwards on the error graph.
Moves the cursor downwards on the error graph.
Switches off the display of values on the top right of the diagram. If you
have switched off the values, this soft key changes to T E X T O N to
switch the values display on again.
88
Closes the K-value error graph and brings you back to the Excitation
card.
Moves the cursor to that point on the error graph that corresponds to
the nominal burden value defined in the "VA" field of the CT-Object
card (value entered by the user or determined by the guesser function
of the CT Analyzer).
Moves the cursor to that point on the error graph that corresponds to
the operating burden value defined in the "Burden" field of the CT-
Object card (value entered by the user or determined by the guesser
function of the CT Analyzer).
Viewing the measured values for different points on the graph

By default, the cursor is positioned to the nominal burden values after opening
this page.
To select a specific point on the graph:
– Select the desired edit field "K-Value" or "Burden" using the
C U R S O R U P / D O W N keys on the keyboard and enter the desired value
using the keyboard.
– Press the E N T E R key to apply the entered value and read the
corresponding value in the respective field.
89
CT Analyzer
5.8 Ratio Card

The Ratio card is only available if it is enabled in the Select Cards page (Default
Test Settings or S E L E C T C A R D S soft key in the CT-Object card).
The ratio test measures the current ratio of the CT considering the operating
burden (parameter "Burden" in CT-Object card) or the nominal burden
(parameter "VA" in CT-Object card).
The results of the ratio test can be found in 3 pages:
• The Ratio card shows the polarity, the ratio error and phase displacement for
the primary current and the operating burden defined in the CT-Object card
(refer to figure 5-29).
• The ratio table shows the current ratio error for different currents (200%
down to 1% of the rated current) at 100%, 50% and 25% of the nominal
burden (as defined in the "VA" field of the CT-Object card), and at 1VA.
• The phase table shows the phase displacement for different currents at
100%, 50% and 25% of the nominal burden (as defined in the "VA" field of
the CT-Object card), and at 1VA.
For a better understanding of the test results, the most important settings from
the CT-Object card are shown once again in the upper part of the Ratio card.
Note: Although the test is not performed with the real current, the test results
reflect the current ratio and not the voltage ratio.
Figure 5-29:
Ratio card

Displays the ratio table (refer to section 5.8.4 on page 92).
Displays the phase table (refer to section 5.8.4 on page 92).
90
5.8.2 Settings
The following settings can be done in the Ratio test card.
Table 5-24:
Settings in the Ratio Parameter Description
card
I-p Primary current for calculation of the ratio error and phase
displacement with the burden (operating burden) defined in the
CT-Object card.
After the test is finished, it is possible to change the value for the
primary current. The ratio error and/or the phase error are then
recalculated and displayed again. When storing the test results,
the currently displayed measurement results are stored.
Changing this value only influences the results displayed in the
Ratio card (operating burden-related values). It does not affect
the values displayed in the separate pages for the ratio and
phase tables (values related to nominal burden).
Default value: I-pn
5.8.3 Test Results

The following test results are displayed in the lower part of the Ratio card. In
addition to the results displayed in the Ratio card you can view the ratio and
phase table pages described in section 5.8.4 on page 92.
Table 5-25:
Test results in the Ratio Parameter Description
card
Ratio Current ratio error (in %) at the specified primary current ("I-p")
and burden.
Pol. OK: Polarity OK, phase angle is in the range of 0° ± 45°.
Failed: Wrong polarity of the CT or wrong polarity of the
measurement leads.
εC Composite error in % at the specified primary current ("I-p") and
operating burden (calculation see sections 10.5 on page 179
and 10.6 on page 184).
This parameter is only displayed, if the standard IEC 60044-1 or
the ANSI standard is selected in the CT-Object card.
Phase Phase displacement (in minutes) at the specified primary
current ("I-p") and burden.
N Winding turns ratio.
91
CT Analyzer
εt Turns ratio error acc. to IEC 60044-6 class TPS or IEC 60044-1
class PX (calculation see section 10.2 on page 177).
5.8.4 Ratio Table and Phase Table

To display the ratio table or the phase table, press the R A T I O T A B L E or
P H A S E T A B L E soft key in the Ratio card.
These tables show the ratio error and the phase displacement
• for different current values (between 1% and 200% of the rated current). If
the ANSI standard is selected, the value at I-pn*RF is shown instead of the
200% value.
• at 100%, 50% and 25% of the nominal burden (defined in the "VA" field of
the CT-Object card) and at 1VA, if the standard IEC 60044-1 or IEC 60044-
6 is selected.
• at the standard burden values, if IEEE C57.13 is selected (refer to subsection
"Calculation of burden values for "Ratio Table" and "Phase Table" below).
The ratio table and the phase table contain all measurement points defined in
the supported standards (refer to section 10.4 on page 178).
Use the C U R S O R L E F T / R I G H T keys on the keyboard to scroll through the
table columns (1% of rated current to 200% of rated current).
Note: Values without the prefix "!" have guaranteed accuracy. The accuracy
of values marked with a "!" in the tables is reduced by factor 2.
Figure 5-30:
Ratio card, ratio table
page
Figure 5-31:
Ratio card, phase table
page
92
Calculation of burden values for "Ratio Table" and "Phase

Table", if standard IEEE C57.13 (ANSI 30 or ANSI 45) is
selected
For IEEE C57.13 measurement (M) cores:
Internally, the device has the following sorted table with burden values as
defined in the standard:
• 45.0VA (B 1.8)
• 22.5VA (B 0.9)
• 12.5VA (B 0.5)
• 5.0VA (B 0.2)
• 2.5VA (B 0.1)
The value in the parameter field VA on the CT-Object card is now added to this
sorted table at the corresponding position.
For example, if the value for VA on the CT-Object card is 25VA, the internal
burden table will look as follows:
• 45.0 VA
• 25.0 VA (defined on CT-Object card)
• 22.5 VA
• 12.5 VA
• 5.0 VA
• 2.5 VA
Only four values are used for the table on the Ratio card: the value defined on
the CT-Object card and the lowest three values of the standard table "around"
the value on the CT-Object card.
In this example (value defined is 25VA), the values 45.0VA and 2.5VA are
ignored. The following values are used:
• 22.5 VA
• 12.5 VA
• 5.0 VA
93
CT Analyzer
If the VA parameter value entered on the CT-Object card is 15, the following
values are used (values 45.0VA and 22.5VA are ignored):
• 15.0 VA
• 12.5 VA
• 5.0 VA
• 2.5 VA
If the VA parameter value entered on the CT-Object card is 60, the following
values are used (values 5.0VA and 2.5VA are ignored):
• 60.0 VA
• 45.0 VA
• 22.5 VA
• 12.5 VA
If the VA parameter value entered on the CT-Object card is B 0.5 (corresponds
to 12.5 VA), the following values are used (value 45.0VA is ignored):
• 22.5 VA
• 12.5 VA
• 5.0 VA
• 2.5 VA
For IEEE C57.13 protection (P) cores:

Internally, the device has the following sorted table with burden values as
defined in the standard:
• 200.0VA (B 8)
• 100.0VA (B 4)
• 50.0VA (B 2)
• 25.0VA (B 1)
The value in the parameter field VA on the CT-Object card is now added to this
sorted table at the corresponding position.
For example, if the value for VA on the CT-Object card is 150VA, the internal
burden table will look as follows:
• 200.0 VA
• 100.0 VA
• 50.0 VA
• 25.0 VA
94
Only four values are used for the table on the Ratio card: the value defined on
the CT-Object card and the lowest three values of the standard table "around"
the value on the CT-Object card. If the value defined on the CT-Object card is
a standard value, the four values of the standard table are used.
In this example (value defined is 150VA), the value 200.0VA is ignored. The
following values are used:
• 150.0 VA
• 100.0 VA
• 50.0 VA
• 25.0 VA
If the VA parameter value entered on the CT-Object card is 300.0VA, the
following values are used (value 25.0VA is ignored):
• 300.0 VA
• 200.0 VA
• 100.0 VA
• 50.0 VA
following values are used (no value ignored since 200.0VA is a standard value):
• 200.0 VA
• 100.0 VA
• 50.0 VA
• 25.0 VA
following values are used (value 200.0VA is ignored):
• 100.0 VA
• 50.0 VA
• 25.0 VA
• 10.0 VA
95
CT Analyzer
5.9 Assessment Card

The Assessment card is only available if it is enabled in the Select Cards page
card).
Depending on the standard and the type of CT (protection or measurement CT),
the according parameters are listed.
The column for automatic assessment ("Auto") is automatically filled after the
test is finished. The following assessments are possible:
• "OK": The results measured for this parameter comply with the requirements
defined by the selected standard and the parameters in the CT-Object card.
• "Failed": The results do not comply with the requirements.
• "n/a": No assessment possible due to one of the following reasons:
• Comparison with input parameter is not possible.
• Assessment does not make sense due to incorrect polarity or invalid
measurement value.
It is also possible to perform a manual assessment for the individual parameters.
To do this, select the parameter to be assessed using the cursor keys on the
keyboard and apply your assessment using the soft keys O K , F A I L E D or ? .
Figure 5-32:
Assessment card
(example)
Note: Automatic assessment is only performed for the CT behavior at

nominal burden (parameter "VA" on the CT-Object card).
For the CT behavior at operating burden (parameter "Burden" on the
CT-Object card), no automatic assessment is performed.
96
5.9.1 Assessed Parameters

Parameters assessed for standard IEC 60044-1
Table 5-26:
Parameters assessed Parame- Description Parameter assessed
for IEC 60044-1
ter for IEC 60044-1,
meas. CT
class PR
class PX
prot. CT,
prot. CT,
prot. CT,
class P
Class Accuracy class according to standard. x x x x
ε Current ratio error. x x x
Δϕ Phase deviation. x x x
εt Turns ratio error (included in class). x
εc Composite error. x x
FS Instrument security factor (direct
measurement method, calculation see x
FSi Instrument security factor (indirect
measurement method, calculation see x
ALF Accuracy limiting factor (direct
measurement method, calculation see x x
ALFi Accuracy limiting factor (indirect
measurement method, calculation see x x
Ek Rated knee point emf. x
Ie Accuracy limiting secondary excitation
x
current.
Ie1 Max. allowed secondary excitation current
x
at E1.
Kx Dimensioning factor (according to
x
IEC 60044-1 class PX).
Rct Secondary winding resistance. x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
Burden Manual assessment of the user for the
burden test (no automatic assessment x x x x
performed).
97
CT Analyzer
Parameters assessed for standard IEC 60044-6

Table 5-27:
Parameters assessed Parame- Description Parameter assessed
for IEC 60044-6
ter for IEC 60044-6,
class
TPS
TPX
TPY
TPZ
Class Accuracy class according to standard. x x x x
εt Turns ratio error (included in class). x
ε Current ratio error. x x x
Δϕ Phase deviation. x x x
V-al Rated equivalent excitation limiting
x
secondary voltage.
I-al Accuracy limiting secondary excitation
x
current.
Ie1 Max. allowed secondary excitation current
x
at E1.
K*Kssc Dimensioning factor (K) multiplied by the
rated symmetrical short-circuit current x
factor (Kssc).
ε^ Peak instantaneous error at voltage Emax
(calculation see section 10.7 on page x x
187).
Ktd*Kssc Transient dimensioning factor (Ktd)
multiplied by the rated symmetrical short- x x
circuit current factor (Kssc).
Rct DC winding resistance. x x x x
x x x x
x x x
burden test (no automatic assessment x x x x
performed).
98
Parameters assessed for standard IEEE C57.13 (ANSI 30,

ANSI 45)
Table 5-28:
Parameters assessed Parameter Description Parameter assessed
for IEEE C57.13 (ANSI)
for IEEE C57.13
(ANSI)
meas. CT prot. CT
Class Accuracy class according to standard. x x
ε Current ratio error. x
ε at 20*Isn Current ratio error at 20 times the
x
secondary current Isn.
ε at Vb Current ratio error at Vb (see below). x
Δϕ Phase deviation. x x
Vb Rated secondary terminal voltage acc.
x
to IEEE C57.13.
Rct DC winding resistance. x x
x x
x x
burden test (no automatic assessment x x
performed).
99
CT Analyzer
5.9.2 Conditions for a Positive Assessment

Table 5-29:
Conditions for a positive
assessment of Standard Class Conditions for auto-assessment "OK"
parameters
ANSI C Vb: Vb max ≥ Vb rated and
Protection Isec (at Vb max) ≥ 20 * Isec rated
CTs Vb rated = rated secondary terminal voltage acc.
to IEEE C57.13
Vb max = terminal voltage at 10% ratio error
Class: Ratio error at I-sn AND 20 * I-sn < 10% AND
ratio error at Vb rated < 10%
K Vb: Vb max ≥ Vb rated and
Isec (at Vb max) ≥ 20 * Isec rated
Vb rated = rated secondary terminal voltage acc.
to IEEE C57.13
Class: Knee-point voltage ≥ 70% of Vb rated (or Vb at
20 * I-sn, if no Vb is entered on the CT-Object
card) AND
ratio error at I-sn AND 20 * I-sn < 10% AND
If no value is entered on the CT-Object card, the
value for 20 * I-sn * Z (parameter "VA" on the CT-
Object card) is displayed.
T Vb: Vb max ≥ Vb rated and
Isec (at Vb max) ≥ 20 * Isec rated
Vb rated = rated secondary terminal voltage acc.
to IEEE C57.13
Class: Ratio error at I-sn AND 20 * I-sn < 10% AND
100
Standard Class Conditions for auto-assessment "OK"

ANSI 0.3 Class:
Measure- at % of rated current
ment CTs 10% 100% 100%*RF
Ratio error (ε) [%] ≤ 0.6 0.3
Phase error (Δϕ) [min] 2600(RCF-1.006) 2600(RCF-1.003)
< Δϕ < < Δϕ <
2600(RCF-0.994) 2600(RCF-0.997)
RCF of the measurement can be calculated from the ratio table:
RCF = 1/((Ratio_Error /100) + 1)
0.6 Class:
at % of rated current
10% 100% 100%*RF
Ratio error (ε) [%] ≤ 1.2 0.6
< Δϕ < < Δϕ <
2600(RCF-0.988) 2600(RCF-0.994)
1.2 Class:
10% 100% 100%*RF
Ratio error (ε) [%] ≤ 2.4 1.2
< Δϕ < < Δϕ <
2600(RCF-0.976) 2600(RCF-0.988)
101
CT Analyzer

60044-1 5P ALF: ALF measured ≥ ALF rated (eg.: measured 27,
Protection rated 5P20)
CTs Class: Ratio error at 100% of rated current ≤ 1% and
phase at 100% of rated current ≤ 60min and
composite error (εC) at accuracy limit ≤ 5%
If εC < 5% and is prefixed by a ">" sign (e.g.
> εC = 3.200), the class assessment is "n/a".
10P ALF: ALF measured ≥ ALF rated
Class: Ratio error at 100% of rated current ≤ 3% and
PX Class: Turns ratio error εt ≤ 0.25% (turns ratio error =
(N measured - N rated) * 100% / Nrated)
Ek: (Rated knee point e.m.f at 10/50% point)
Measured knee point e.m.f. ≥ rated Ek
Ie: Maximum excitation current
Measured excitation current at rated knee point
e.m.f < rated excitation current at the rated knee
point e.m.f. (see IEC 60044-1, § 14.4.1).
Kx: Rated dimensioning factor ≤ measured
dimensioning factor
Rct: Rated Rct (at Tref) ≥ measured Rct
5PR ALF: ALF measured ≥ ALF rated
Class: Ratio error at 100% of rated current ≤ 1% and
phase at 100% of rated current ≤ 60min and
Kr: Kr ≤ 10%
102

60044-1 10PR ALF: ALF measured ≥ ALF rated
Protection Class: Ratio error at 100% of rated current ≤ 3% and
CTs composite error (εC) at accuracy limit ≤ 10%
(cont.)
Kr: Kr ≤ 10%
103
CT Analyzer

60044-1 0.2S FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated (eg.: measured 4.3,
Measure- rated 0.1FS5)
ment CTs Class: For 100%, 50%, 25% of nominal burden:
1% 5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2 0.2
phase error [min] ≤ 30 15 10 10 10
0.5S FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated

Class: For 100%, 50%, 25% of nominal burden:
1% 5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.5
phase error [min] ≤ 90 45 30 30 30
0.1 FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated

5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
phase error [min] ≤ 15 8 5 5

5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2

5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5
104

60044-1 1.0 FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated
Measure- Class: For 100%, 50%, 25% of nominal burden:
ment CTs at % of rated current
(cont.)
5% 20% 100% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ and 3 1.5 1 1
3 FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated

Class: For 100%, 50% of nominal burden:
50% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ 3 3
5 FS: FS measured ≤ FS rated

Class: For 100%, 50% of nominal burden:
50% 120%
Ratio error [%] ≤ 5 5
105
CT Analyzer

60044-6 TPS Class: Turns ratio error εt ≤ 0.25%
Protection (εt = (N measured - N rated) * 100% / N rated)
CTs Val: Val ≥ Val rated
Ial: Ial ≤ Ial rated
(Val, Ial: An increase of 10% in Val should not
result in an increase of Ial of more than 100%)
Kssc: K * Kssc measured ≥ K * Kssc rated
Rct: Rct (at Tref) ≤ Rct rated
TPX Class: Ratio error at rated current ≤ 0.5% and
phase at rated current ≤ ±30min and
εpeak at accuracy limit (Kssc * Ktd) ≤ 10%
If εpeak < 10% and is prefixed by a ">" sign (e.g.
> εpeak = 3.200), the class assessment is "n/a"
Kssc: Ktd * Kssc measured ≥ Kssc * Ktd rated
TPY Class: Ratio error at rated current ≤ 1.0% and
phase at rated current ≤ ±60min and
εpeak at accuracy limit (Kssc * Ktd) ≤ 10%
If εpeak < 10% and is prefixed by a ">" sign (e.g.
> εpeak = 3.200), the class assessment is "n/a"
Ts: Ts ≤ ±30% of Ts rated
Kr: Kr ≤ 10%
TPZ Class: Ratio error at rated current ≤ 1.0% and
phase at rated current ≤ 180 ± 18min
Ts: Ts ≤ ±10% of Ts rated
106
5.10 Comment Card

The Comment card is only available if it is enabled in the Select Cards page
card).
In the Comment card you can enter any text, e.g. additional notes regarding the
current test.
Figure 5-33:
Comment card
107
CT Analyzer
108
CT Analyzer PC Tools
6 CT Analyzer PC Tools
The CT Analyzer PC Toolset contains a set of PC software that is necessary and
helpful for your work with the CT Analyzer on a PC.
The following tools are installed with the CT Analyzer PC Toolset:
• CTA Start Page
• CTA QuickTest
• CTA Remote Excel File Loader
• Update for CPC Explorer (if installed)
• CTA Remote Control
• Sample software for CTA Remote Control
• CTA remote test sample for Visual Basic (VBA)
• CTA remote test sample for C++
• CTA to Netsim Export
6.1 System Requirements

The software of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset requires the following software
installed on the system:
• Operating system:
Windows 2000 SP4, Windows XP SP2, Windows Vista SP1.
Note: The operating systems Windows 2000 and Windows XP require
administrative rights for your local machine.
• Microsoft Office® (required for CTA Remote Excel File Loader and CTA
Remote Control software):
Office 2000 SRxx, Office 2002 (XP) SR xx, Office 2003 SRxx or Office 2007
SRxx.
109
CT Analyzer
6.2 Installation of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset

6.2.1 Installing the CT Analyzer PC Toolset
The CT Analyzer PC Toolset and its installation program Setup Wizard are
included on the CD ROM "CT Analyzer PC Toolset" accompanying the
CT Analyzer. Proceed as follows to install the CT Analyzer PC Toolset:
1. Exit all other major programs running on your computer.
2. Insert the "CT Analyzer PC Toolset" CD ROM into your computer’s CD ROM
drive. The Setup Wizard starts automatically.
Note: Should the Setup Wizard not start automatically a few seconds
after the CD has been inserted into the CD ROM drive, change to
the Windows Explorer and double-click setup.exe at the
"CT Analyzer PC Toolset" CD ROM.
3. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to install the software.
6.2.2 Update for CPC Explorer

If you have the CPC Explorer installed on your PC, it will be updated during the
installation of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset. The CPC Explorer software is not
included in the CT Analyzer PC Toolset. It has to be installed separately from
the CD ROM "CPC Explorer Software" accompanying the CT Analyzer.
Refer to section 6.9 on page 138 for a detailed description of the CPC Explorer.
110
6.3 The CTA Start Page

The CTA Start Page is the central organizing element for the PC software tools
available for the CT Analyzer. It is a window with a functionality similar to that of
a web page.
There are two ways to launch the CTA Start Page:
• Click the Programs | OMICRON | CT Analyzer | CTA Start Page
command in the Windows Start menu.
• Double-click the "CTA Start Page" desktop icon .
Figure 6-1:
CTA Start Page
The functionality of the CTA Start Page is described below.

Click www.omicron.at to visit the OMICRON website.
111
CT Analyzer
6.3.1 Version Number and "Updates available!" Link

The header area of the CTA Start Page shows the version of the installed
CT Analyzer PC Toolset software and a hyperlink Update available!, if updates
are available on the OMICRON website.
Clicking Update available! opens the OMICRON News window providing
messages and news relevant to the CT Analyzer and the CT Analyzer PC
Toolset software. Here you can download available software updates. For a
detailed description of the OMICRON News window, please refer to page 114.
6.3.2 CT Analyzer Tools
CTA QuickTest
Click this entry to start the software tool CTA QuickTest. Using the CTA
QuickTest software, the CT Analyzer can be used as a versatile multimeter with
included power source.
Refer to section 6.4 on page 116 for a detailed description of this tool.
CTA Remote Excel File Loader

Click this entry to start the software tool CTA Remote Excel File Loader. Using
this software, it is for example possible to
• prepare and edit tests on the PC and to upload and download such tests
from/to the CT Analyzer,
• import CT Analyzer report files into Microsoft Excel,
• prepare customer-specific test reports, etc.
CPC Explorer
This entry is only active, if the CPC Explorer software is installed on the PC. If
active, click this entry to start the software tool.
The CPC Explorer software is not included in the CT Analyzer PC Toolset. It has
to be installed separately from the CD ROM "CPC Explorer Software"
accompanying the CT Analyzer. Refer to section 6.9 on page 138 for a detailed
description of this tool.
112
6.3.3 Setup
Firmware Update
Click this entry to start the CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool. This tool
establishes communication with a connected CT Analyzer and enables you to
read e.g. the serial number and the current version of the firmware and/or to
perform a firmware update or install a new user interface language file.
Settings
Clicking this entry displays the Settings dialog box where you can define the
following:
"General" tab
In the General tab you can select the user interface language for the software
components of the CT Analyzer PC Toolset and the CTA Start Page.
"Remote EFL" tab
Using the "Use custom template" checkbox you can select whether the CTA
Remote Excel File Loader tool should use a custom template file or an
OMICRON template file by default. Depending on your selection, specify the
path and name of the default template and/or the custom template in the
corresponding text field.
Note: The OMICRON template file CT Remote EFL.xlt is by default
stored in a subfolder in the installation path of the CT Analyzer PC
Toolset. If not changed during installation, the path is:
C:\Program Files\OMICRON\
CT Analyzer PC Toolset\RemoteEFL\CT Remote EFL.xlt
"News Window" tab

In this tab you can select whether you want to have the messages of the
OMICRON News service displayed "Daily", "Only if new messages are
available" or "Never". Furthermore, you can open the OMICRON News window
by clicking the button S H O W N E W S N O W .
For a more deteiled description of the OMICRON News window, please refer to
page 114.
113
CT Analyzer
6.3.4 Support
Manuals, Samples, Templates, Firmware

Clicking one of these entries opens the Windows Explorer showing the
respective default folder for the manuals, samples, CTA Remote Excel File
Loader templates and firmware files delivered by OMICRON and installed during
the installation of the software.
Note: If not changed during installation, the path is:
C:\Program Files\OMICRON\
CT Analyzer PC Toolset\...
OMICRON News
Clicking this entry opens the OMICRON News window. OMICRON News is an
information service that provides you with relevant messages such as updates
for your installed OMICRON products as well as OMICRON product information
and news.
This service bases on the RSS Dynamic Bookmark Technology. To use this
service, your computer needs access to the Internet. If your computer has no
Internet access, the OMICRON News window will not start.
The upper part of the OMCRON News window lists descriptive headlines of the
available updates and news. The lower part is a browser-like window that
displays the contents of the topic you select in the upper part.
"Show Updates" Enable/disable the display of relevant update

messages concerning your CT Analyzer PC Toolset
installation.
"Show News" Enable/disable the display of OMICRON product news.
"Only Unread" Select to display unread update messages and news,

only. Read messages are hidden.
"Show New Here you can select to only display update messages
Messages" and news that were published after your last visit at the
OMICRON news server. If selected, messages before
that date are hidden.
M ARK A LL AS Marks all update messages and news as read or

R E A D and unread.
M ARK A LL AS
UNREAD
114
Opens the Settings dialog box where you can define

the following settings:
Select "Daily" to visit the OMICRON news server once
a day.
Select "Only if new messages available" to only start
the OMICRON News window when the OMICRON
news server holds updates/news that are newer that
the ones on your computer.
Select "Never" to disable the start of the OMICRON
News window. Nevertheless, when your computer
accesses the Internet, the OMICRON news server is
checked for updates.
At "News Language" and "UI Language", select the
language for the news and the user interface language
for the CTA Start Page and the software tools started
from the CTA Start Page.
115
CT Analyzer
6.4 CTA QuickTest

Using the CTA QuickTest software, the CT Analyzer can be used as a versatile
multimeter with included power source.
6.4.1 Starting CTA QuickTest

Start the CTA QuickTest software by clicking its entry in the CTA Start Page.
6.4.2 Using CTA QuickTest

Figure 6-2:
CTA QuickTest
116
Output adjustment
Figure 6-3:
CTA QuickTest, Output
group box
Table 6-1:
User interface elements
in the Output group box UI element Description
Mode The generator can be configured as AC or DC source.
Select the corresponding radio button.
V/I The generator can work either in voltage or current
mode. Select the corresponding radio button.
Amplitude Mode "AC" and "V" (voltage source): 0 to 35V
Mode "DC" and "V" (voltage source): 0 to 120V
Mode "AC" and "I" (current source): 0 to 5A
Mode "DC" and "I" (current source): 0 to 10A
Attention: DC current mode is very dangerous!
It is not possible to interrupt the circuit using a standard
relay or a standard circuit breaker. Due to the arc,
contact clearances of up to 10mm are required to switch
off the current.
Frequency Output frequency of the generator.
Possible values: 10 to 400Hz.
Compensate SEC Measurement input SEC of the CT Analyzer has an input
impedance impedance of approx. 470kΩ and can thus influence the
current measurement.
Therefore, it is possible to compensate this error current
by clicking the checkbox "Compensate SEC
impedance". This checkbox is marked by default.
Note: The input impedance of input PRIM is even lower
but cannot be compensated.
ON / OFF button Click this button to start or stop the measurement.
117
CT Analyzer
Measurement Mode
Figure 6-4:
CTA QuickTest,
Measurement Mode
group box
Table 6-2:
in the Measurement UI element Description
Mode group box
RMS Performs a standard true rms measurement of the AC
signal component only. The DC part is removed from
the measured rms result.
Frequency selective Only the fundamental wave of the applied signals is
measured.
Frequency selective Allows high precision measurement of the
(with filter) fundamental wave of an applied signal. All frequencies
outside the output frequency plus/minus the cutoff
frequency are supressed by about 120dB.
Cutoff Frequency
Depending on the selected cutoff frequency, the
measurement time can differ considerably. The typical
time needed for a frequency selective measurement
depends on the cutoff frequency as follows:
Cutoff frequency Measurement time
0.2Hz approx. 1 minute
1.5Hz approx. 15 seconds
10Hz approx. 3 seconds
Integration Time The integration time can be selected in the range
between 0.1 and 1sec.
If the measurement mode "Frequency selective (with
filter)" is used, the software will automatically choose
an approprate integration time depending on the
selected cutoff frequency.
Regulation Only used for AC mode. Inactive in DC mode.
Parameters
If the "Inductive load" checkbox is checked, the output
generator always tries to keep the DC output current
at zero. For this purpose, a current regulator is
permanently running while an AC signal is generated.
continued ...
118
UI element Description
(cont.) To guarantee proper operation of the current regulator,
the connected load (L and R) has to be defined under
"Regulation Parameters". If you don't know the actual
inductance and resistance of the load, use the default
values (R = 1 Ω, L = 50H). In this case, the regulator
will also regulate the DC current to zero, however it will
need longer to reach this.
Measurement area
Figure 6-5:
CTA QuickTest,
Measurement area
Table 6-3:
in the Measurement UI element Description
area
Column "SEC" Voltage input SEC.
Input voltage ranges (automatic range selection):
0 to 0.3VAC, 0 to 3VAC, 0 to 30VAC, 0 to 300VAC
Input impedance:
470kΩ to 1MΩ depending on the applied signal
Column "PRIM" Voltage input PRIM.
0 to 0.03VAC, 0 to 0.3VAC, 0 to 30VAC
Input impedance:
130kΩ to 330kΩ depending on the applied signal
Column "Output (A)" Current measurement.
0 to 150mA, 0 to 1.5A, 0 to 3A, 0 to 15A peak
The input impedance of input SEC can be
compensated. Measurement is done using a series
shunt in the generator output.
Row "Range" Displays the actually used voltage/current range.
119
CT Analyzer
Row "DC" DC amplitude of the applied signal.
Row "RMS" RMS amplitude of the applied signal after the selected
filter.
Row "Peak +" Measured positive peak value of the applied signal.
Row "Peak -" Measured negative peak value of the applied signal.
Row "Phase" Phase relative to input SEC (the phase of input SEC is
always 0).
Row "Frequency" Measured frequency.
Results
Figure 6-6:
CTA QuickTest,
Results group box
Table 6-4:
in the Results group UI element Description
box
N (Vsec/Vprim) N = VSEC/VPRIM
Z (Vsec/I) Z = VSEC/IOUTPUT
cos(phi) cos(IPHASE)
L or C X
Phase I = 0 - 360° --> L = -----L-
ω
1 -
Phase I = 0 - 180° --> C = --------------
ω ⋅ XC
XL or XC 2
Phase I = 0 - 360° --> XL = 1 – ( cos α I PHASE ) ⋅ Z
2
Phase I = 0 - 180° --> XC = 1 – ( cos α I PHASE ) ⋅ Z
R
R = cos α I PHASE ⋅ Z
120
Save Results
The results can be saved to a *.csv file for later use for documentation purposes
or further calculations.
Figure 6-7:
CTA QuickTest, Save
Results group box
Table 6-5:
in the Save Results UI element Description
group box
Add Comment A comment can be entered for each test.
Decimal symbol Character used as decimal separator when storing
data to the *.csv file.
S A V E button Click to save the actual values to the currently open
file. If no file is currently open, the "Save As" dialog will
appear.
S A V E A S button Click to save the actual values to a new file. The "Save
As" dialog appears where you can specify the file.
Connection Status
Figure 6-8:
CTA QuickTest,
connection status
information
Using the button D I S C O N N E C T / CO N N E C T you can disconnect/connect to

the CT Analyzer. Connection is established automatically upon startup of the
CTA QuickTest software, if a CT Analyzer is detected on a USB port.
The status field on the bottom left side displays to which device the software has
connected.
The status field on the bottom right side displays whether the connection is still
established.
Click E X I T to exit CTA QuickTest and to return to the CTA Start Page.
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CT Analyzer
Menu options
Figure 6-9:
CTA QuickTest, menu
bar
Table 6-6:
Menu options available
in CTA QuickTest Menu Description
F I L E menu Using the options C O N N E C T and D I S C O N N E C T you
can connect/disconnect to the CT Analyzer (see also
button C O N N E C T / D I S C O N N E C T ).
Using the options S A V E R E S U L T S and S A V E
R E S U L T S A S you can save the actual values to the
currently open file or to a new file. If necessary, the
"Save As" dialog appears where you can specify the
file (see also buttons S A V E and S A V E A S ).
Using E X I T you can exit CTA QuickTest and return to
the CTA Start Page (see also button E X I T ).
? menu Click the menu option A B O U T C T A Q U I C K T E S T to
open a dialog showing detailed version information
about CTA QuickTest.
122
6.5 CTA Remote Excel File Loader

The CTA Remote Excel File Loader is used to:
• prepare and edit tests with Microsoft Excel© on your computer,
• communicate with the CT Analyzer,
• import CT Analyzer report files (*.xml) into Microsoft Excel©,
• upload/download tests to and from the CT Analyzer,
• prepare customer-specific test reports,
• develop test automation under VBA.
The CTA Remote Excel File Loader performs remote-controlled tests with the
CT Analyzer. The tool can be extended further to a customer-specific report tool
for the CT Analyzer.
Post-processing of the results is easy, since the results are converted into
Microsoft Excel-compatible numbers. In a separate blank worksheet or
customer-specific test report, you can reference to the data of the OMICRON
pre-made worksheets using Microsoft Excel formulas. When the data in the
OMICRON worksheets are updated, Microsoft Excel also updates the customer-
made worksheets. By this method, it is possible to create customer-specific
Microsoft Excel templates for different applications.
Note: The data sheet of the CTA Remote Excel File Loader holds all data the
CT Analyzer can deliver. However, it is not intended to provide a
printable test report. In order to obtain a printable test report, you can
either add an additional worksheet and create your own printable test
report or use one of the pre-made templates delivered by OMICRON.
If you did not change the default installation path of the software, these
templates are located under:
C:\Program Files\OMICRON\CT Analyzer PC Toolset\
RemoteEFL\Templates
You can also access the Templates folder by clicking the Templates
entry in the Support section of the CTA Start Page.
6.5.1 Starting the CTA Remote Excel File Loader

Start the CTA Remote Excel File Loader by clicking its entry in the CTA Start
Page. A safety warning appears on the screen, notifying you that the file
contains macros. Click A C T I V A T E M A C R O S to continue.
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CT Analyzer
Note: Upon starting, the CTA Remote Excel File Loader performs a
Microsoft Excel© version check. If the Excel© version installed on your
system is too old, a corresponding message is displayed, notifying you
that that you have to upgrade your Excel version in order to run the
CTA Remote Excel File Loader. Also refer to the system requirements
given in section 6.1 on page 109.
The Welcome page of the CTA Remote Excel File Loader provides the following
functionality:
• Click the N E W T E S T button to start your measurements with the
CT Analyzer using the defined test settings.
• Click the L O A D R E P O R T button to load previously saved CT Analyzer
report files (*.xml).
• Click the H E L P button to launch the CTA Remote Excel File Loader help.
Figure 6-10:
CTA Remote Excel File
Loader Welcome page
124
6.5.2 Data Sheet

The CTA Remote Excel File Loader data sheet shows all test settings, test
parameters and test results. The intention of this data sheet is to have all data
the CT Analyzer can deliver available on one sheet. It is not intended to provide
a printable test report.
For a printable test report, you can either use one of the templates delivered by
OMICRON or add an additional worksheet and create your own printable test
report by inserting references to the required parameters in the data sheet and
formatting the worksheet accordingly.
Moving the mouse cursor on a parameter name cell marked with a small red
corner opens a comment box showing additional explanations about this
parameter.
Figure 6-11:
Loader data sheet
125
CT Analyzer
Click the L O A D R E P O R T button to load a previously saved CT Analyzer report

file (*.xml).
Click the S E T T I N G S button or one of the cells highlighted by blue background
to open the Test Settings dialog box (refer to Figure 6-12) and make or change
the test settings.
Click the S T A R T T E S T button to immediately download the test settings to the
connected CT Analyzer and start the execution of the specified test.
Test Settings dialog

Figure 6-12:
Loader, Test Settings
dialog box
The Test Settings dialog box holds all parameters contained in the
CT Analyzer’s CT-Object card. For a detailed description of the parameters,
please refer to section 5.4.3 on page 58.
To edit the content of the fields "Location" and "Object", click the corresponding
browse button to open the Location dialog or the Object dialog, respectively.
For a more detailed description of the "Location" and "Object" settings, please
refer to section 5.4.2 on page 57.
126
Changing the test settings in this dialog is only possible after clicking the
C H A N G E S E T T I N G S button.
Table 6-7:
Buttons in the Test Button Description
Settings dialog box
EDIT REPORT Click to edit the location, object and comment fields of a
CT Analyzer report (= version 3.00). Changes to test
settings or test results are not allowed.
SAVE Click to save the report under a name of your choice.
REPORT AS
CHANGE Click to change the test settings. Note that this does not
SETTINGS affect the report area of the worksheet or the embedded
report data.
SAVE Click to save the settings to a settings file. This settings
SETTINGS AS file can later be used as test template by the
CT Analyzer or the CTA Remote Excel File Loader.
Each report file can also be used as a settings file.
Settings files are much smaller than report files.
OPTIONS Opens the Options dialog box. Please refer to ”Options
dialog” on page 128.
LOAD FILE Click to load any CT Analyzer test report or settings file
of your choice into the actual worksheet.
APPLY Click to apply the actual changes to the worksheet. If you
edited a report, the changes will be applied to both the
settings area and the report area of the worksheet.
Futhermore, the embedded report is changed.
Once you applied the actual changes, the C A N C E L
button changes into E X I T .
CANCEL / Click C A N C E L to discard all actual changes and close
EXIT the Test Settings dialog box.
Click E X I T to close the Test Settings dialog box.
START TEST / Click S T A R T T E S T to apply the changes and start
STOP TEST the execution of the test on the CT Analyzer. Once you
have started the test, this button changes to S T O P
TEST.
127
CT Analyzer
Options dialog
Figure 6-13:
Loader, Options dialog
box
The Options dialog is displayed, if you click the O P T I O N S button in the Test
Settings dialog box.
Click O K to apply your changes and close the dialog or C A N C E L to close the
dialog without changing the options.
Table 6-8:
Buttons in the Options Button Description
dialog box
Autosave to Select this option to automatically save the result files on
Serialno_Tap your computer.
The resulting file names are a combination of the file
name and the tap description (e.g. 1S1-1S2), separated
by an underscore character. Characters that are not
allowed in filenames are automatically replaced by a
minus character.
If you already saved a file, the file path of the last saved
file is used. When selecting this option for the first time or
when opening the template for the first time, a "Save as"
dialog is displayed.
Example:
File name: 08/58572926
Tap: 1S1-1S2
The results are saved to the file 08-58572926_1S1-1S2
in the folder of the last saved file.
128
Button Description
Disable Save Starting a new test usually launches a query whether the
Results Dialog existing worksheet data should be overwritten. Select
this option to suppress the query and to overwrite the
existing worksheet data without further notification.
USB port Determine the interface for the communication with the
COM port CT Analyzer: USB port or COM port.
If "USB port" is selected and no device can be found on
the USB port, the software automatically attempts to
locate a device on the COM port, and vice versa.
Language The CTA Remote Excel File Loader supports several
user interface languages. From the "Language" box,
select a language of your choice. The language can be
changed at runtime. Apart from the user interface, this
selection also changes the language of the data sheets.
6.5.3 Using User-Defined Code in the CTA Remote Excel

File Loader
It is possible to extend the CTA Remote Excel File Loader templates used for
communicating with the CT Analyzer by user-defined Visual Basic (VBA) code
in order to execute this code after the creation of a new current transformer (CT)
data sheet or after filling a CT data sheet with data.
Creating a new CT data sheet is done by pressing the N E W T E S T button on
the Welcome worksheet whereas filling a CT data sheet can be accomplished
using different methods.
For instance, one possibility is to load measurement results by clicking the
L O A D R E P O R T button in the Welcome worksheet. Or, as an alternative, in the
Test Settings dialog of the CTA Remote Excel File Loader it is possible to load
CT settings or measurement results from an existing CT file in the file system or
to execute a CT test (buttons C H A N G E S E T T I N G S , L O A D R E P O R T ,
S T A R T T E S T , A P P L Y ). The currently active CT data sheet is then filled
with the corresponding CT data.
The execution of user-defined code is started as soon as the creation of a new
CT data sheet or the filling of the active CT data sheet is finished. For this, two
different VBA methods can be used that are called by the runtime environment
of the used Excel template. Both methods can be found in the VBA module
mdlMainAndTools of the used Excel template. Brief descriptions of these
methods are given below.
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CT Analyzer
Within these two functions, VBA source code can be embedded to handle these
events and to perform required user-defined tasks (see comment "enter your
code to be executed…"). The code is protected by error handling in order to
handle occurring exceptions and to show an appropriate message.
User-defined code, called after the creation of a new CT data

sheet:
' -------------------------------------------------------
' function for user-defined code after data sheet is created
Public Function DoUserCodeAfterDataSheetCreation() As Long
On Error GoTo ErrHnd
Dim lRet As Long ' return value

lRet = 0 ' init
' enter your code to be executed after data sheet is created
DoUserCodeAfterDataSheetCreation = lRet
Exit Function
ErrHnd:
MsgBox "Error occured: " & Err.Number & ", " & Err.Description
End Function
User-defined code, called after a CT data sheet has been filled

with CT data:
' -------------------------------------------------------------
' function for user-defined code after sheet is filled with data
Public Function DoUserCodeAfterDataSheetIsFilled() As Long
On Error GoTo ErrHnd
Dim lRet As Long ' return value

lRet = 0 ' init
' enter your code to be executed after data is filled into sheet
DoUserCodeAfterDataSheetIsFilled = lRet
Exit Function
ErrHnd:
MsgBox "Error occured: " & Err.Number & ", " & Err.Description
End Function
130
6.6 CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool

The CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool can be used as an alternative to the
functions "Update Firmware" and "Update Text" of the CT Analyzer (refer to
section 5.3.4 on page 52) to update the firmware of the CT Analyzer or to install
a new user interface language file.
The CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool establishes communication with a
connected CT Analyzer and enables you to
• read the serial number and the current firmware version from the connected
CT Analyzer,
• perform an update of the firmware and to
• install a new user interface language file on the CT Analyzer.
6.6.1 General Information About Updating the Firmware

and the User Interface Language Files
About updating the firmware

To update the firmware, a corresponding firmware file CTAnalyzer*.bin has
to be available.
Attention: It is also possible to install older firmware. In this case, the user
interface text is deleted and the device automatically changes to
the English user interface. After you have downgraded the
firmware, you also have to install the user interface language file of
this (older) firmware package.
After an installation of new firmware, the user interface language
automatically changes to English, if the installed user interface text
is no longer compatible. If you are using a user interface language
other than English, install the corresponding new user interface
language file delivered with the new firmware.
About updating user interface language files

English is contained in the firmware and does not require a user interface
language file. To install a new language, it is necessary to update the user
interface language installed on the CT Analyzer with the corresponding file
CTUser_xxx.bin (xxx stands for the version and the language, e.g.
"V2_00_Deu" for version 2.00, German).
131
CT Analyzer
If the text update process is interrupted or fails, the device displays an error
message and automatically resets the user interface to English when it is
switched on the next time.
Attention: Only install language files that are included in the package of the
installed firmware version.
If you install a language file that does not belong to the same
package, the user interface may become unreadable.
Note: Refer to the OMICRON website for available languages or ask your
distributor for a special language file.
6.6.2 Starting the CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool

To start the CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool, click the entry
Firmware Update on the CTA Start Page. The software then automatically
scans the USB ports of the PC for a connected CT Analyzer.
If it is not able to find a CT Analyzer on one of the USB ports, a dialog box is
displayed where you can select a serial port.
Select the serial port the CT Analyzer is connected to and then click C O N N E C T .
To abort the connection establishment, click the C A N C E L button.
Figure 6-14:
Dialog for manual
selection of a serial port
132
6.6.3 Using the CT Analyzer Firmware Update Tool

Figure 6-15:
CT Analyzer Firmware
Update dialog box
Connected device
The content of these fields is read from the connected CT Analyzer. The
information displayed in these fields cannot be edited.
Figure 6-16:
Update, Connected
device group box
Table 6-9:
in the Connected UI element Description
device group box
Serial number Serial number of the connected CT Analyzer.
Connected over PC port the CT Analyzer is connected to: USB port or
one of the serial COM ports.
Installed firmware Firmware version read from the CT Analyzer
version
133
CT Analyzer
Choose .zip file containing firmware files

If you received a .zip file containing the update files, uncheck the "Select files
manually" checkbox (see Figure 6-18) to activate this field.
Click the B R O W S E button to navigate to the .zip file and select it. The path and
the file name of the .zip file are displayed in the field.
Click the U P D A T E button to start the update process. A language selection
dialog for the user interface language to be installed on the CT Analyzer is
displayed. Select the desired language and click O K to continue. The software
then automatically loads the files required for the update of the CT Analyzer from
the .zip file.
Figure 6-17:
Update, selecting a zip
file containing firmware
files
Selected files
If you don’t have the update files available in a .zip file (see "Choose .zip file
containing firmware files" above), you have to specify the firmware file and the
user interface language file to be used for the update manually.
Figure 6-18:
Update, Selected files
group box
Table 6-10:
in the Selected files UI element Description
group box
Select files If checked, you can specify the firmware file and the user
manually interface language file used to update the CT Analyzer
individually.
Firmware file To update the firmware, click the corresponding
B R O W S E button to navigate to the desired firmware file
CTAnalyzer*.bin and select it. The path and the file
name are displayed in the field.
Please note the general information given in section
6.6.1 on page 131.
134
User interface file To install a new language, click the corresponding
B R O W S E button to navigate to the desired firmware file
CTUser_xxx.bin and select it. The path and the file
name are displayed in the field.
Please note the general information given in section
6.6.1 on page 131.
Update method
Using these options you can select whether you want to update the firmware and
the user interface language file or the user interface language file only.
Figure 6-19:
Update, Update
method group box
Buttons and progress indication

Figure 6-20:
Update, buttons and
progress indication
Click C L O S E to close the CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool.

Click U P D A T E to start the update process for the CT Analyzer (firmware and
user interface language update or user interface language update only).
Note: The firmware update process may take some minutes. If the update
process is interrupted or fails, switch the CT Analyzer off and on again.
The device then tries to perform the firmware update from the
Compact Flash card.
In this case, this firmware update can no longer be performed from the
PC. Copy the file CTAnalyzer*.bin and the corresponding
language file to the OMICRON directory on the Compact Flash card
and use the update functions in the CT Analyzer (see section 5.3.4 on
page 52).
The "Progress" bar shows the progress of the running update process.
135
CT Analyzer
6.7 CTA Remote Control Software

The CTA Remote Control Software is used to remote control CT Analyzer test
sets via PC. It does not offer a graphical user interface and can be operated
using all common programming languages.
) Refer to the "CTA Remote Control Manual" for a detailed description of the
remote software and how to use it.
6.7.1 Sample Software for CTA Remote Control

The remote sample software is an example for the CTA Remote Control to show
how to control the CT Analyzer and how to create a customer-specific report.
All important functions of the CTA Remote Control are included in this sample to
enable the user to easily extend the functionality.
The intention of this tool is to help the user to create his own customer-specific
report tool for the CT Analyzer.
Figure 6-21:
Sample software main
screen with settings
area
136
6.8 CTA to NetSim Export Tool

After installing the CT Analyzer PC Toolset, it is possible to export the
CT Analyzer test results as a transformer model for the OMICRON NetSim test
module.
When you right click an *.xml file in the Windows Explorer, you will find the list
entry E X T R A C T C T A N A L Y Z E R R E S U L T S T O O M I C R O N N E T S I M in the
context menu.
Figure 6-22:
Context menu of the
Windows Explorer for
*.xml files
If you select this entry, a message dialog appears, notifying you that the data
were exported for use in NetSim.
Within NetSim you can use the CT data by selecting the menu item
PARAMETER | C URRENT T RANSFORMER.
Figure 6-23:
Message after exporting
the results for use in
NetSim
137
CT Analyzer
6.9 CPC Explorer for CT Analyzer

6.9.1 General
This section refers to the CPC Explorer software version V 1.40 or higher.
The CPC Explorer is a PC-based software program that is shipped with both the
primary test system CPC 100 and the CT Analyzer. With the CT Analyzer, use
it to browse the files stored on the Compact Flash card.
) Since the CPC Explorer was initially developed for the CPC 100, it contains
functions that are not needed for the CT Analyzer. For the CT Analyzer, some
of these functions are disabled in the CPC Explorer user interface.
6.9.2 Installation of the CPC Explorer Software

Minimum Computer Requirements
• Pentium 200MHz
• 64MB RAM
• CD ROM drive
• Windows 2000/XP and Internet Explorer version 5.5 or higher.
Note: The operating systems Windows 2000 and Windows XP require
administrative rights for your local machine.
Installing the CPC Explorer

The CPC Explorer software and its installation program Setup Wizard are
included on the CD-ROM "CPC Explorer software" accompanying the
CT Analyzer.
To start the CPC Explorer installation:
1. Exit all other major programs running on your computer.
2. Insert the "CPC Explorer software" compact disc into your computer’s
CD-ROM drive. The Setup Wizard starts automatically displaying the
CPC Explorer start screen.
Note: Should the Setup Wizard not start automatically a few seconds
after the CD has been inserted into the CD ROM drive, change to
the Windows Explorer and double-click setup.exe at the "CPC
Explorer software" CD ROM.
3. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to install the software.
138
6.9.3 Using the CPC Explorer with the CT Analyzer

The CT Analyzer automatically saves all files to the Compact Flash card in XML
format. By reading the CF card with your PC, the test reports can be browsed,
viewed or edited on your PC using the CPC Explorer software.
Apart from the pull-down menus and the toolbar, the CPC Explorer interface
consists of three panes:
• The top left pane is only used for the primary test system CPC 100 to display
the files of all connected CPC 100 units. With the CT Analyzer it remains
empty as long as no CPC 100 is connected.
• The bottom left-hand side pane displays the files of the PC.
• The right-hand side pane displays the contents of any CT Analyzer XML
document selected in the left-hand side pane.
Figure 6-24:
CPC Explorer user The file contents are displayed in the right-hand side pane.
interface
Area for display of

CPC 100 files
(empty, if used
with CT Analyzer).
File browser
area
139
CT Analyzer
Viewing Files
The representation of the file contents in the right-hand side pane of the
CPC Explorer is generated on the basis of a stylesheet (also refer to ”Default
Stylesheet” on page 141).
To display a file on the PC, either right-click on the file name and select V I E W
from the context-menu, or double-click the file name.
) If you select a folder rather than a single test, right-click the folder name and
select V I E W from the context-menu. The contents of all tests of the entire folder
structure will be displayed in the right-hand side pane.
The toolbar buttons
Clicking on the right-hand side pane activates the file-specific buttons in the
toolbar. Otherwise, these buttons are grayed-out.
The R E F R E S H button renews the display of the left-hand side pane.
The P R I N T button brings up the Print dialog box.
The F O N T button changes the size of the font with which the file in the right-
hand side pane is displayed:
• Clicking the F O N T button changes the size of the font to the largest
available.
• Clicking on the "down" symbol on the right-hand side of the button
displays a list of available font sizes.
Clicking on the "down" symbol on the right-hand side of the E D I T button
displays the available applications to edit the displayed HTML file.
1. Choose E D I T W I T H M I C R O S O F T W O R D F O R W I N D O W S to start the
application MS Word for Windows and load the HTML file of the displayed
report.
Note: MS Word for Windows 97 and previous versions do not support
editing HTML files.
2. Choose E D I T W I T H M S H T M L E D I T O R to edit the displayed report in the
WYSIWYG1 HTML editor.
) Contrary to editing the report with MS Word for Windows, the MSHTML mode
does not start an application. Instead, the cursor moves directly to the
beginning of the first line of the report displayed in the right-hand side pane,
and enables direct editing of the test report.
1. WYSIWYG = what you see is what you get
140
About the MSHTML editor:

• Select the menu item E D I T | I N S E R T P A G E B R E A K to enter a page
break at the cursor’s position. In the test report view, this page break is
represented by a horizontal line. When printed out, the printer then starts
a new page at every inserted page break. The horizontal line itself is not
printed.
• A right mouse click into the test report view opens a context menu which
provides a cut/copyand paste functionality as known from other Windows
applications.
The CPC Explorer will not allow you to directly modify the original test report.
The only way to save your changes is saving the file with a new name.
Options
To open the Options dialog box, select T O O L S | O P T I O N S from the pull-down
menu. In this dialog box you can customize the CPC Explorer user interface.
Language
You can change the language of the CPC Explorer user interface. The
CPC Explorer re-starts automatically showing the user interface in the selected
language.
Default Stylesheet
Stylesheets describe how test reports are represented on screens or in print. A
stylesheet contains formatting information, and offers the possibility to influence
the presentation of test reports.
Upon request, OMICRON can provide you with customized XSL stylesheets1.
To apply a stylesheet, enter the path to this file into the entry field "Stylesheet",
or click B R O W S E to search for it.
) You can specify your own stylesheet in order to customize the representation of
the test reports in the right-hand side pane.
This documentation, however, will not describe how to create new stylesheets.
For more detailed information about XML, XSL and HTML please refer to
specialized literature and/or special websites, or contact the OMICRON
customer support.
1. EXtensible Stylesheet Language
141
CT Analyzer
142
Application Examples
7 Application Examples
The grounded terminal on the secondary side of the CT always has to be
connected to the black sockets of input "Sec" and the "Output" of the
CT Analyzer. Connecting the red sockets of the CT Analyzer to PE can result in
incorrect measurement and/or cause an automatic abortion of the measurement
with an error message.
7.1 Measurement at a Freely Accessible CT

Proceed as follows to perform measurements at a freely accessible CT (refer to
Figure 7-1):
1. Connect the CT Analyzer’s equipotential terminal to protective earth (PE).
2. Connect one terminal on the primary side and one terminal on the secondary
side of the CT to PE.
It is absolutely important to avoid coupling of interferences into the primary
circuit during measurement. Therefore, connect the side of the primary circuit
that is able to receive more interferences to PE (e.g. the side with the longer
line length). The ungrounded side should be the side that receives less
interferences.
3. Make sure that all other terminals of the CT are disconnected from the utility
lines, except the ones that are connected to PE.
4. Connect the secondary side of the CT to the "Output" sockets and input "Sec"
of the CT Analyzer:
• Connect that side of the CT that is connected to PE to the black sockets
of the CT Analyzer.
• Connect that side of the CT that is open to the red sockets of the
CT Analyzer.
5. Connect the primary side of the CT to CT Analyzer input "Prim". Make sure
that the polarity is correct (same colors on same polarity).
6. Start the test.
143
CT Analyzer
Figure 7-1:
Measurement at a freely
Utility line Utility line
accessible CT
Coax measurement cables

Burden
144
7.2 Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer

Measurement of CT's in delta-connected transformer windings is indeed
possible, but the measurement results are not very accurate and strongly
depend on the symmetry of the transformer windings.
For such measurements the current injection method is not suitable, since the
transformer windings are connected in series to the primary side of the CT. This
method would require very big test equipment which is able to generate a
current of several 100A at very high voltages. This is why the voltage injection
method as it is used by the CT Analyzer is the only suitable method to perform
such measurements.
When measuring a CT inside of such a configuration, input "Prim" of the
CT Analyzer has to be connected to both sides of the series connection
consisting of the CT’s primary side and the particular transformer winding (refer
to Figure 7-2, terminals L1 and L3). Since the delta-connected windings act as
a voltage divider, it is not possible to read the CT winding ratio directly. To obtain
the correct transfer ratio, the ratio value determined by the CT Analyzer has to
be corrected.
For this purpose, the CT Analyzer allows to set a so-called delta compensation
on the CT-Object card. Select the appropriate compensation depending on the
transformer terminals you are using for the CT primary signal measurement.
Refer to the example given in Figure 7-2:
If you have connected CT Analyzer input PRIM to L1 and L3, you should select
the delta compensation value "Ratio 2/3". If input PRIM is connected to L1 and
L2, you should select "Ratio 1/3".
Attention: Input PRIM of the CT Analyzer has a low input impedance (330kΩ)
and can thus influence the measurement results.
If it is possible to short-circuit the other windings on the same leg of the

transformer, try to perform the measurement with this winding short-circuited. In
this case, it is not necessary to use the delta compensation. Set delta
compensation to "Ratio 1".
Refer to the following subsections.
145
CT Analyzer
7.2.1 Ratio Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer

with Delta Compensation
For this measurement, the Delta compensation parameter on the CT-Object
card has to be set to "Ratio 2/3".
Figure 7-2:
Ratio measurement at a L1
delta winding
transformer with delta
compensation
L2 L3
7.2.2 Ratio Measurement at a Delta Winding Transformer

without Delta Compensation
For this measurement, the Delta compensation parameter on the CT-Object
card has to be set to "Ratio 1".
Figure 7-3:
Ratio measurement at a L1
delta winding
transformer without
delta compensation
L2 L3
146
7.3 Measurement at a Wye Winding Transformer

Measurement of CTs in wye connected transformer windings is indeed possible,
however, it has to be guaranteed that the input impedance of the transformer
winding does not influence the measurement result.
The CT Analyzer has an input impedance of approx. 330kΩ in low-voltage
range. However, this can be low enough to influence the measurement result. In
order to prevent any influence of the CT Analyzer’s input impedance, you have
to short-circuit at least the winding on the same leg (short-circuiting a winding on
all legs of the transformer is even better).
The current injection method is not suitable for the measurement of a current
transformer inside a transformer, since the transformer windings are connected
in series to the primary side of the CT. This is why the voltage injection method
as it is used by the CT Analyzer is the only suitable method to perform such
measurements.
When measuring a CT inside of such a configuration, input PRIM of the
CT Analyzer has to be connected to both sides of the series connection
consisting of the CT’s primary side and the particular transformer winding (refer
to Figure 7-4, terminals L1 and N).
Connect the center point and, if possible, also the open primary terminals that
are not connected to the CT Analyzer to protective earth.
Figure 7-4:
Measurement at a wye
winding transformer
147
CT Analyzer
7.4 Measurement at a Bushing-Type CT

Proceed as follows to perform measurements at a bushing-type CT (refer to
Figure 7-5):
2. Disconnect all utility lines from the transformer.
3. Connect all transformer terminals that are not used for measurement (in this
example H2 and H3) to protective earth (PE).
4. Connect terminal H0 to protective earth.
5. Connect one secondary side terminal of the CT to protective earth.
of the CT Analyzer:
of the CT Analyzer.
CT Analyzer.
8. Short-circuit the free winding on the measured transformer leg to reduce the
impedance of the winding that is connected in series to the primary side of
the CT. The input impedance of CT Analyzer input SEC is only approx.
500kΩ and can thus influence the measurement results, if no winding of that
leg is short-circuited.
9. Start the test.
148
Figure 7-5:
Measurement at a H3 H2 H1
bushing-type CT (C) (B) (A)
(W) (V) (U)
CT
H0
(Mp)
(N)
Note: Primary terminal H1 must be open. Otherwise the primary side is

shorted and the CT Analyzer cannot obtain proper results.
149
CT Analyzer
7.5 Measurement at a GIS (SF6) Switch Gear

Proceed as follows to perform measurements at a GIS (SF6) switch gear (refer
to Figure 7-6):
2. Disconnect all utility lines.
3. Open all circuit breakers to the bus bars.
4. Close the earthing switch.
5. Connect one secondary side terminal of the CT to protective earth.
of the CT Analyzer:
of the CT Analyzer.
CT Analyzer.
8. Start the test.
150
Figure 7-6:
Measurement at a GIS Gas insulated busbar Earthing switch
(SF6) switch gear Utility line
disconnected
Circuit breaker
Burden
max. 3m
max. 100m
151
CT Analyzer
7.6 Measurement on a Bar-Type Current

Transformer
When measuring on the primary side of the CT, it is not allowed to use large
open measurement cable loops in order to avoid injection of interference
voltages into the measurement cables caused by strong magnetic fields.
Therefore, only the original coax measurement cables supplied by OMICRON or
twisted-pair cables should be used for measurement instead of individual single
wire measurement cables.
The measurement signals on the primary side are in the range of 1 to 30mV.
Correspondingly, an injection of large interference signals into the measurement
cables can cause faulty measurement results.
If one terminal of the bar-type current transformer can only be accessed from the
neighboring room, one of the following methods has to be used in order to obtain
exact ratio measurement results:
1. Feed one end of the coax measurement cable through a hole in the wall
located in the immediate vicinity of the transformer’s terminal, near enough
to use the original cable. If no such hole is available, it is recommended to
drill a new hole into the wall.
2. If this is not possible:
• Connect the concerning primary terminal of the transformer located on the
back side of the wall (in the neighboring room) to station ground as near
as possible to the transformer (in Figure 7-7 designated with P2).
• Then, on the accessible front side of the wall,
– connect one pole of the primary measurement to station ground and
the station ground to one socket of CT Analyzer input "PRIM", and
– connect the second socket of input "PRIM" to the second primary
terminal of the CT located on the front side of the wall (in Figure 7-7
designated with P1).
Refer to Figure 7-7.
152
Figure 7-7:
Measurement at a bar-
type current transformer
P2 P1
Wrong!
Do not use open loops consisting of
individual single-wire measurement
cables!
Always use original OMICRON coax
measurement cables or twisted-pair
cables!
153
CT Analyzer
7.7 Measurement on Tapped CTs

When testing a tapped CT, all windings on the same core that are not in use
must be open.
If one winding is not open, it is not possible to test the CT using the CT Analyzer.
The maximum output voltage of the CT Analyzer is 120V. Therefore, only the
corresponding transformed voltage can occur at other windings.
Figure 7-8:
Testing tapped CTs
154
7.8 Measurement on a Gapped Core

For gapped cores, the position of the primary wire inside the core has large
influence to the ratio measurement results.
Therefore, in order to obtain correct measurement results, it is very important to
arrange the primary wire during measurement to the same position inside the
core as it is in real operation. Depending on the position of the primary wire
inside the core, the measured ratio can differ by up to 20%.
The figure below shows how the ratio error can differ depending on the position
of the primary wire inside the core.
Figure 7-9:
Ratio error depending Position 1
on the position of the Ratio error measured: +0.5%
primary wire inside the
gapped core Position 2 Position 3
Ratio error measured: +5% Ratio error measured: -15%
Primary wire Air gap
155
CT Analyzer
7.9 Excitation Curve Measurement for an

Unwound Iron Core
Using the CT Analyzer it is possible to measure the excitation curve of an empty,
unwound iron core. For this purpose, it is necessary to apply an "auxiliary
winding" with approx. 30 turns to the core. The easiest method to do this, is to
prepare a 30-pole cable accordingly with a plug on one side and a socket on the
other side in order to create a "flying" winding with 30 turns by laying the cable
around the core and connecting both sides of the cable by inserting the plug into
the socket (see Figure 7-10).
Note: Peak currents of up to 15 A can occur during the measurement.
Therefore, the wires used for the "auxiliary winding" should have a
minimum diameter of 0.75mm2.
Proceed as follows to perform the measurement (refer to Figure 7-10):

2. Apply the "auxiliary winding" with approx. 30 turns to the unwound core.
3. Connect the "Output" sockets and input "Sec" of the CT Analyzer to the
auxiliary winding as shown in Figure 7-10. Twist the single-wire
measurement cables to form twisted-pair lines as shown in Figure 7-10.
4. Start the test.
Figure 7-10:
Measuring the
Unwound iron core
excitation curve of an
unwound iron core
Winding with approx. 30 turns
applied for measurement
(0.75mm2 min.)
Plug-and-socket
connector
Twist the measurement cables to

form a twisted-pair line
156
7.10 Measurement on Multicore CTs

When performing tests on CTs with more than one core, you should shorten the
windings of all cores that are not subject to the test in order to prevent
measurement errors. Refer to Figure 7-11.
Figure 7-11:
Measuring multicore
CTs
Shorten unused cores
Do not shorten taps!
Primary conductor
Primary insulation
Toroidal core
Secondary winding
7.11 Burden Test

How to connect the CT Analyzer for the burden test is described in section
3.1 ”Basic Wiring for a Burden Test” on page 25.
157
CT Analyzer
7.12 Noise Reduction Techniques

For proper test results it is important to consider the following items:
• If possible, disconnect both primary terminals of the CT from the utility lines.
• Only use the original coax measurement cables delivered by OMICRON or
twisted-pair lines. If it is necessary to use loose single-wire measurement
cables, the wires have to be twisted to a twisted-pair line. Avoid open loops
consisting of individual single-wire measurement cables in order to prevent
interference voltages caused by magnetic fields.
• Connect one terminal of the CT’s primary side to protective earth. If it is not
possible to disconnect the utility lines from both primary terminals, connect
that side of the primary circuit that is able to receive more interferences to PE
(the primary side that is still connected to the utility lines or the side with the
longer line length, respectively). The ungrounded side should be the side that
receives less interferences.
• When testing a CT in a utility, take care that one side of the CT is connected
to PE and at least the ungrounded terminal is disconnected from all utility
lines.
Refer to Figure 7-12.
Caution: Do not connect both primary terminals to PE! This would cause
incorrect measurement results. Connecting both primary terminals to PE has the
same effect as a short in the CT.
158
Figure 7-12:
Noise reduction for CT
measurement
Utility line Utility line
Connection required,
if secondary side
terminal cannot be
disconnected
Use coax measurement cables!

Burden
159
CT Analyzer
160
Calibrating the CT Analyzer
8 Calibrating the CT Analyzer

OMICRON offers a reference CT (calibration CT VEHZ0649) for calibrating the
CT Analyzer. This reference CT is delivered together with a calibration
certificate of a national test laboratory.
The calibration CT has a ratio of 2000:1 and 2000:5. Its class is 0.02.
For calibrating the CT Analyzer, it is necessary to measure both ratios (2000:1
and 2000:5). The CT Analyzer is within the specifications, if all measurement
results are within class 0.02.
161
CT Analyzer
162
Error and Warning Messages
9 Error and Warning Messages

001.xxx Error [001] No valid CT software!
Reason: No valid software in the device Flash memory.
Solution: Insert a Compact Flash card with valid software (CTAnalyzer.bin)
in the Omicron directory and switch the CT Analyzer off and on
again.
002.xxx Error [002] Can't open file!
Reason: The firmware cannot read the file CTAnalyzer.bin from the
Compact Flash card since the CF card or the file is missing.
again.
003.xxx Error [003] Download error!
Reason: The downloaded software is corrupt.
again.
100.xxx Warning [100.xxx] Cannot determine valid winding resistance.
Reason: The resistance measured during the winding resistance test is
> 300 Ω.
Solution: The test cannot be continued. Check the connections to the CT. If the
connections are ok, the CT resistance is > 300 Ω. Such CTs cannot
be tested using the CT Analyzer.
101.xxx Warning [101.xxx] Timeout during measurement. No constant winding
resistance can be determined within 10 sec.
Reason: The CT Analyzer cannot determine a constant winding resistance
within 10 sec.
Solution: The test cannot be continued. Check the connections to the CT.
110.xxx Warning [110.xxx] The impedance of the CT is too high.
Reason: The impedance of the CT or the load is too high to reach the minimum
toggle frequency of 1Hz.
connections are ok, the CT cannot be tested due to its too high
inductance.
163
CT Analyzer
111.xxx Warning [111.xxx] Inductance of load too low.

Reason: Measurement frequency is too high and cannot be decreased
because of too low CT inductance.
connections are ok, investigate the following possible error causes:
– The CT inductance is too low. The CT under test is a very small
CT with a knee point < 1V.
– The CT has a winding short.
– A bushing-type CT in a delta winding transformer possibly has too
low inductance due to the low impedance on the primary side that
cannot be opened.
112.xxx Warning [112.xxx] Measurement error, check wiring.
Reason: It is not possible to obtain stable measurement results due to
incorrect wiring, wiring short-circuit, connected load or external
interferences.
Solution: Check the wiring. The primary side of the CT must not be short-
circuited. Disconnect the primary side of the CT from the
transmission lines, connect one primary side terminal to PE and open
the other one. Use the delivered original coax cables for
measurement (see application example in section 7.12 ”Noise
Reduction Techniques” on page 158). Make sure that no burden is
connected to the secondary side of the CT. This error may also
indicate a winding short circuit of the CT.
113.xxx Warning [113.xxx] Test not successful, kneepoint not found.
Reason: Knee point for specified standard not found.
Solution: The current required to reach the knee point for the specified
standard cannot be delivered. The CT cannot be tested up to the
knee point voltage.
114.xxx Warning [114.xxx] Low inductance overload in excitation measurement.
Reason: Low inductance was measured during the excitation test.
Solution: Verify that the primary side of the CT is not shorted.
This warning can also occur for CTs with very low excitation loss and
high parasitic capacitance.
115.xxx Warning [115.xxx] Invalid eddy loss measurement.
Reason: Reliable determination of the eddy losses is not possible.
Solution: Verify the wiring and repeat the test. If the error message is displayed
repeatedly, it is currently not possible to test this CT using the
CT Analyzer.
164
121.xxx Warning [121.xxx] Wrong polarity.

Reason: Measured polarity is wrong.
Solution: Reverse the polarity of the measurement cables on the primary or
secondary side of the CT.
130.xxx Warning [130.xxx] Burden impedance > 1kOhm.
Reason: Burden impedance > 1kΩ.
Solution: The test cannot be continued. Check the connections to the CT.
131.xxx Warning [131.xxx] Overload during Burden measurement.
Reason: The required test current cannot be reached, even at the maximum
output voltage.
Solution: The CT Analyzer cannot deliver enough current. Reduce the test
current or the impedance of the burden. Check the wiring for proper
contacts; one connection possibly has a bad connection.
200.xxx Warning [200.xxx] Check connection. Measured input voltage and output
voltage don’t match.
Reason: The measured input voltage differs by more than 5V from the input
voltage expected during burden test.
Solution: Check whether the output generator ("Output") and the measurement
input "Sec" are connected correctly.
201.xxx Warning [201.xxx] Check connection. Measured ratio > 50000:1.
Reason: Measurement input "Prim" is possibly not connected properly.
Solution: Check whether the primary side measurement input "Prim" is
connected properly.
202.xxx Warning [202.xxx] Check connection. Polarity of Vsec input and power
output are not the same.
Reason: Polarity of input "Sec" and "Output" are not the same.
input "Sec" are connected properly and with correct polarity.
203.xxx Warning [203.xxx] Check connection. Vsec input may be disconnected.
Reason: Input signal at input "Sec" differs from the expected one.
input "Sec" are connected properly and with correct polarity.
Check if the impedance of the test leads from the output to the CT is
< 0.6 Ω. Use the 3m standard measurement cable supplied by
OMICRON for measurement.
210.xxx Warning [210.xxx] Permanent data overflow.
Reason: Internal data buffer overflow. The data could not be fetched fast
enough from the internal data buffer.
Solution: Try to repeat the measurement. If this error occurs more frequently,
you should contact your next OMICRON service center.
165
CT Analyzer
211.xxx Warning [211.xxx] AC mode measurement timeout.

Reason: Measurement timeout due to frequent range switching or invalid data
from the measurement inputs.
Solution: Check the wiring and repeat the measurement. Try to reduce noise
for the measurement.
220.xxx Warning [220.xxx] Test aborted!
Reason: The test sequence has been interrupted by the user.
Solution: Repeat the test without interrupting it.
501.xxx Warning [501.xxx] Unknown Command
Reason: The remote interface handler couldn't decipher the command.
Solution: Remote interface error. Check the connection between CT Analyzer
and PC.
504.xxx Warning [504.xxx] Checksum error
Reason: Data transmission error.
Solution: Check the connection between CT Analyzer and PC.
510.xxx Warning [510.xxx] No data available.
Reason: Remote interface error: Failed to get the required measurement data
because the measurement is still running.
511.xxx Warning [511.xxx] Data compression error
Reason: Remote interface error: Failed to unzip the transmitted data block.
513.xxx Warning [513.xxx] Command not allowed
Reason: The current remote interface command is not allowed.
Solution: Make sure that the current CT Analyzer state allows the execution of
the command.
514.xxx Warning [514.xxx] Invalid parameter
Reason: Remote interface error: Remote command was submitted with an
invalid parameter.
Solution: Verify the parameter (index) submitted with the remote interface
command.
800.xxx Warning [800.xxx] Flash card access error. Internal file system error.
Reason: The file system sent an error message.
Solution: Compact Flash card is possibly corrupt. Use a new Compact Flash
card.
801.xxx Warning [801.xxx] Flash card access error. Invalid file name or path.
Solution: The Compact Flash card is possibly corrupt. Try to save the data to
a PC and format the CF card.
166
802.xxx Warning [802.xxx] Flash card access error. Access denied.

Reason: The file system sent an error message. You tried to open a "read
only" file or a special directory.
Solution: Open the Compact Flash card on a PC and remove the "read-only"
file attribute. File attributes cannot be changed with the CT Analyzer.
803.xxx Warning [803.xxx] Flash card access error. File or folder already exists.
Reason: File system error.
Solution: Enter a different file or folder name.
804.xxx Warning [804.xxx] Flash card access error. Disk full.
Solution: Delete some files on the Compact Flash card or insert a new CF card.
805.xxx Warning [805.xxx] Flash card access error. No or corrupt flash card.
Reason: No or no valid CF card can be found.
Solution: Insert a valid Compact Flash card.
806.xxx Warning [806.xxx] Flash card access error. Corrupt directory structure.
Solution: Try to backup the data on the Compact Flash card to a PC and
perform formatting of the Compact Flash card.
807.xxx Warning [807.xxx] Nothing to paste.
Reason: No file(s) selected to paste.
Solution: Select one or more files using the C O P Y or C U T function and try
again.
808.xxx Warning [808.xxx] Renaming of folders not supported.
Reason: This action is not supported.
Solution: Renaming of folders is not supported by the CT Analyzer.
809.xxx Warning [809.xxx] Are you sure you want to format the CF card? All data
will be lost!
Reason: This warning always appears before formatting of a Compact Flash
card is executed, since all data stored on the Compact Flash card will
be erased during formatting.
Solution: Press F O R M A T to start formatting or A B O R T to cancel the
operation without formatting the Compact Flash card.
810.xxx Warning [810.xxx] File exists. Do you want to overwrite it?
Reason: The file name used to save the data already exists. This warning
always appears before a file on the Compact Flash card is
overwritten.
Solution: Enter another file name, if desired.
167
CT Analyzer
811.xxx Warning [811.xxx] Are you sure you want to delete <File Name>?
Reason: This warning always appears prior to the deletion of a file on the
Compact Flash card.
Solution: Press Y E S to delete the file or N O to return to the file system card
without deleting the file.
812.xxx Warning [812.xxx] Are you sure you want to delete all selected files?
Reason: This warning always appears prior to the deletion of files on the
Compact Flash card.
Solution: Press Y E S to delete the files or N O to return to the file system card
without deleting the files.
813.xxx Warning [813.xxx] One or more parameters could not be found. Some
calculations may not work.
Reason: The report file read from the Compact Flash card is of a newer format
than the device can generate.
Solution: The loaded file is incompatible or the software version on your
CT Analyzer is older than the software version that has generated the
report. To enable your CT Analyzer to read this report, it is necessary
to update the CT Analyzer software.
814.xxx Warning [814.xxx] You tried to load an old report. One or more parameters
could not be found. Some calculations may not work.
Reason: A required parameter cannot be found in the XML file.
Solution: You tried to load an old report. One or more parameters could not be
found. Some calculations may not work.
815.xxx Error [815.xxx] Folder must be empty. Can't remove folder
<Folder Name>.
Reason: The folder selected for deletion is not empty. Only empty folders can
be deleted.
Solution: Navigate to the folder you want to delete. Open the folder and delete
all contained files and subfolders. Then you can delete the empty
folder.
816.xxx Error [816.xxx] You tried to load a report built with a <Device>.
Reason: The xml file seems to be not a CT Analyzer report.
Solution: The report cannot be loaded by the CT Analyzer.
817.xxx Error [817.xxx] Xml file is not an OMICRON report.
Reason: The xml file has no valid OMICRON report style.
Solution: The report cannot be loaded by the CT Analyzer.
818.xxx Error [818.xxx] Moving of folders not supported.
Reason: Moving of folders is not supported by the CT Analyzer.
Solution: Select only files to move. Using the shift key and the cursor up/down
keys it is possible to select any number of files within a folder.
168
819.xxx Error [819.xxx] Invalid file name character.

Reason: An invalid character was used to specify the file name.
Invalid characters: \ / : * ? \ < > |
Solution: Only use valid characters for the file name.
820.xxx Error [820.xxx] Memory management error. Contact your next OMICRON
service center.
Reason: Memory management error.
Solution: Switch the CT Analyzer off, wait a second then switch it on again. If
this error occurs more frequently, you should contact your next
OMICRON service center.
821.xxx Error [821.xxx] Could not update firmware.
Reason: An error has occurred in the boot loader software.
in the directory A:\Omicron\ and switch the CT Analyzer off and on
again.
823.xxx Error [823.xxx] Could not update user text!
Reason: An error has occurred in the user text loader software.
Solution: Insert a Compact Flash card with valid software (CTUser_xxx.bin)
in the directory A:\Omicron\ and try again.
824.xxx Error [824.xxx] Floating point error at address xxxxxxxH.
Reason: Invalid result in a floating point operation (NaN).
Solution: Contact your next OMICRON service center.
830.xxx Error [830.xxx] License < ... > invalid.
Reason: An invalid license entry was found in the license file Omicron.lic
on the CF Card.
Solution: Specify a valid license key.
831.xxx Error [831.xxx] Settings error.
Reason: Invalid item in file Settings.inf.
Solution: The file Settings.inf in the Omicron directory on the CF card of
the CT Analyzer has a formatting error in one of the parameters.
Delete this file and check the settings in the menu
"Main Menu -> Settings-> Misc. Settings".
If necessary, change the settings and store the file again.
832.xxx Error [832.xxx] Lifetime of relays near end.
Reason: The relays inside the CT Analyzer near the end of their lifetime
(above 1,000,000 measurements performed).
Solution: Arrange a hardware service in order to replace the relays.
169
CT Analyzer
900.xxx Error [900.xxx] Power supply error, switch off the device and wait 1 minute
to restart.
Reason: The output power was larger than 350VA or the power supply is
defective.
Solution: Switch the CT Analyzer off, wait 1 minute and then switch it on again.
If this error occurs more frequently, you should contact your next
901.xxx Warning [901.xxx] Protective earth (PE) connection in power supply cord
missing. Connect PE to equipotential terminal. Lethal voltage may occur
on housing and all terminals.
Reason: Earth wire break, no earth wire connected or mains supply has no
galvanic connection to protective earth (PE) potential.
Solution: The mains supply has not reference to protective earth or protective
earth is not connected. The mains supply must have galvanic
connection to PE. If you are using an isolation transformer, connect
one supply line of the CT Analyzer to PE.
Danger: Lethal voltages may occur at the housing if the equipotential
bonding terminal of the device is not connected to protective earth
potential!
Attention: If the mains supply is galvanically isolated from earth
potential, the device may become damaged.
Comment: If a galvanically isolated mains supply is used, voltage stress may
occur for the insulation system, the device is not constructed for.
Safety is no longer guranteed! Therefore, always use a mains
power cord with a protective earthing conductor connected to PE of
the mains supply. Connect the equipotential bonding connection of
the device to protective earth in order to prevent electric shock
caused by lethal voltages possibly present at the housing.
If this error is ignored, the device will probably work but safety is no
longer guaranteed.
903.xxx Warning [903.xxx] Excessive reverse power, don't disconnect any wires,
don't switch off mains, wait until power is dissipated.
ATTENTION: Lethal voltages on output terminals!
Reason: The device receives excessive reverse power so that the power
output had to be shortened to prevent overload of the internal output
stage.
Solution: This error is displayed if an excess amount of energy is fed back into
the CT Analyzer. Lethal voltages of up to many kV may occur if wires
are unplugged. The CT Analyzer discharges the connected inductor
with approximately 20Ws, but depending on the connected
inductance the discharge process may take some time.
170
904.xxx Error [904.xxx] Power supply error. Contact next Omicron service center.
Reason: Temperature limit of secondary power supply exceeded.
Solution: It is not possible to acknowledge this error until the temperature is
back in safe limits. It this error occurs, please contact your next
905.xxx Error [905.xxx] Over-temperature of Power supply, wait until device has
cooled down.
Reason: Overtemperature in power supply. Wait until device has cooled down.
Solution: When this error is acknowledged as long it is active, the popup
window is closed and only the message in the status line remains
active until the overtemperature disappears. If the error is not
acknowledged, the popup window remains active.
Comment: The status line displays the flashing message "Excess temperature".
906.xxx Error [906.xxx] Excess temperature of power supply, wait until device has
cooled down.
Reason: The primary side power supply has reached its warning temperature
limit and entered save mode to cool down.
Solution: When this error is acknowledged as long it is active, the popup
window is closed and only the message in the status line remains
active until the overtemperature disappears. If the error is not
acknowledged, the popup window remains active.
Comment: The status line displays the flashing message "Excess temperature".
908.xxx Error [908.xxx] Device shut down.
Reason: Power failure at measurement interface module.
Solution: Internal power failure. This message is active as long as the internal
power failure exists. If the error message does not disappear, contact
your next OMICRON service center.
910.xxx Error [910.xxx] Internal hardware error.
Reason: Internal hardware error.
Solution: Overload on internal power stage. Try to start the measurement
again.
911.xxx Error [911.xxx] Power supply error, contact next Omicron service center.
Desired voltage xxxx, measured voltage yyyy.
Reason: One supply voltage on the measurement interface boards is out of
tolerance.
171
CT Analyzer
912.xxx Error [912.xxx] Excess internal temperature, wait until device has cooled
down.
Reason: Device-internal temperature at measurement interface > 75°C.
Solution: Excessive heating of the device. Prevent the device from direct
sunlight and wait until it has cooled down. If the error occurs without
previous exposure to direct sunlight, the error is probably caused by
a hardware error. Please contact your next OMICRON service
center.
Safety action:
All measurement processes are stopped and the error is displayed in
the status line and in a popup window. The error is active until the
temperature falls below 60°C.
929.xxx Error [929.xxx] Hardware failure, contact next Omicron service center.
Reason: The circuit for reverse power dissipation does not work properly.
930.xxx Error [930.xxx] Measurement Input Vsec defect, contact next Omicron
service center.
Reason: Power supply for analog input "Sec" is defective.
931.xxx Error [931.xxx] Measurement Input Vprim defect, contact next Omicron
service center.
Reason: Power supply for analog input "Prim" is defective.
932.xxx Error [932.xxx] Data error.
Reason: The sequence of reading of the analog input channels is not correct.
Solution: If this error occurs more frequently, contact your next OMICRON
service center.
933.xxx Error [933.xxx] Hardware failure, contact next Omicron service center.
Reason: Temperature detection circuit on secondary side is defective.
Solution: Send the device to your next OMICRON service center.
934.xxx Error [934.xxx] Reverse power, don't disconnect any wires, don't switch
off mains, wait until power is dissipated. I = xxxxA.
Reason: The device receives reverse power of > 10mA.
Solution: Wait until the power is dissipated within the device and the error
message disappears.
935.xxx Error [935.xxx] No valid CT Analyzer software. Insert a CF-Card with valid
Software and press "Update Firmw.".
Reason: Cannot find valid CT Analyzer software.
in the directory A:\Omicron.
172
936.xxx Error [936.xxx] Corrupt Calibration Data for voltage inputs. Change to
tools menu and try to reset factory calibration. Until update of calibration
data the device will be not calibrated.
Reason: The calibration data checksum for the analog inputs is not correct.
Solution: Try to update the factory calibration using the tools menu. If this does
not solve the problem, contact your next OMICRON service center.
937.xxx Error [937.xxx] Corrupt Calibration Data for power output. Change to tools
menu and try to update factory calibration. Until update of calibration data
the device will be not calibrated.
Reason: The calibration data checksum for the power output is not correct.
Solution: Try to update the factory calibration using the tools menu. If this does
not solve the problem, contact your next OMICRON service center.
938.xxx Warning [938.xxx] MIF data block 1 corrupt.
Reason: The checksum of the factory settings data is faulty.
Solution: Licensing or device settings data are possibly corrupt. Contact your
next OMICRON service center.
939.xxx Warning [939.xxx] MIF data block 2 corrupt.
Reason: The checksum of the factory settings data is faulty.
Solution: Licensing or device settings data are possibly corrupt. Contact your
next OMICRON service center.
940.xxx Warning [940.xxx] CMOS data block corrupt. Check all device settings.
Press <Clear Values> to work with default values. Press <OK> to work with
corrupt device settings.
Reason: Device settings data block corrupt.
Solution: Check all device settings.
941.xxx Warning [941.xxx] Corrupt factory calibration data for voltage inputs.
Contact next Omicron service center.
Reason: Factory calibration data block for voltage inputs corrupt.
942.xxx Warning [942.xxx] Corrupt factory calibration data for power unit. Contact
next Omicron service center.
Reason: Factory calibration data corrupt.
943.xxx Error [943.xxx] Error overwriting calibration data.
Reason: Factory calibration data cannot be restored.
173
CT Analyzer
944.xxx Warning [944.xxx] Corrupt user text! Change to tools menu and try to
update text. Until update of user text, the device will use default text.
Reason: Checksum for user language support data invalid.
Solution: Copy a user text file (CTUser_xxx.bin) to the directory
A:\Omicron\ on the Compact Flash card and try to update the user
language support data using the "Update Text" function in the tools
menu.
174
Formulas and Definitions
10 Formulas and Definitions

10.1 Calculation of Ratio Error (Current Ratio)
Figure 10-1:
Equivalent circuit of a Ip I ST I CT
Rp Lp Ls RCT
current transformer P1 S1
IL Iex
(Vc )
Uc L main IE
RH UCT
Zb
Reddy (VB )
P2 S2
Np Ns
Figure 10-2:
Phasor diagram of a
current transformer
VC VB
R ϕ ICT
ϑ γ ICT CT Iex
β δ
Iex IST
Iex total excitation current

ICT current over the secondary terminals
IST total secondary current
Ns
Ip primary current I p = ------ ⋅ ( I ex + I CT )
Np
Lp leakage inductance of the primary winding (negligible)

Lmain main inductance
Ls leakage inductance of the secondary winding (negligible)
N p, N s turns of the ideal transformer
N
N turns ratio N turns = -----s-
Np
Rct resistance of the secondary winding

Reddy eddy-current resistance
RH hysteresis resistance
Rp resistance of the primary winding (negligible)
UC (VC) secondary excitation voltage on the main inductance (Lmain)
175
CT Analyzer
UCT (VB) voltage at the secondary terminals

ZB burden
Zload total load impedance (ZB + RCT)
The calculation of the ratio error is based on the excitation table. With a given
excitation voltage VC, the excitation table allows to find the corresponding
excitation current Iex and the phase between Iex and VC. Since the ratio error is
defined by the primary current Ip and the secondary load current ICT, the
excitation table can be used to determine the value of ICT that corresponds to
the given VC for a particular core. Provided that the rated turns ratio Nrated and
the turns ratio Nturns are known, the ratio error calculationrfor the given primary
current Ip and the burden impedance ZB,ϕ is as follows ( I S is always a
reference pointer):
1. Calculate the real and imaginary parts of the burden impedance:
R B = Z B ⋅ cos ϕ X B = Z B ⋅ sin ϕ
2. Calculate the total load impedance:

2 2
Z load ; R load = R CT + R B ; X load = X B ; Z load = R load + X load
X load⎞
γ = arg ( Z load ) = arctan ⎛ ------------
-
⎝ R load⎠
3. Given desired total secondary current ICT.

4. Calculate the secondary excitation voltage by
V C = I CT ⋅ Z load
5. Look up the excitation current corresponding to this voltage and the phase ϑ
between them in the excitation table:
I ex ⇔ V C ; ϑ = ∠I E, V S
6. Calculate the phase between the secondary load current and the excitation
current:
β = ϑ–γ
7. Calculate the total secondary current:

2 2
I ST = I CT + I ex ; I ST = ( I CT + I ex ⋅ cos β ) + ( I ex ⋅ sin β )
176
8. Calculate the primary current:

I p = I ST ⋅ N turns
9. Calculate the ratio (current) error:
⎛ I – -------------- Ip ⎞
-⎠
⎝ CT N
rated
Err ratio = ----------------------------------
-
Ip
---------------
N rated
r r
10.Calculate the phase displacement as the phase between I ST and I CT :
I ex ⋅ sin β
δ = arg ( I ST ) = arctan ⎛ --------------------------------------⎞
⎝ I CT + I ex ⋅ cos β⎠
10.2 Turns Ratio Error

Turns ratio error calculation according to IEC 60044-1, §2.3.14:
N measured – ( I pn ⁄ I sn )
Turns ratio error (%) = ----------------------------------------------------- ⋅ 100
( I pn ⁄ I sn )
177
CT Analyzer
10.3 Calculation of RCF for IEEE C57.13

According to IEEE C57.13, §3.32, RCF is defined as follows:
"The ratio of the true ratio to the marked ratio. The primary current or voltage is
equal to the secondary current or voltage multiplied by the marked ratio times
the ratio correction factor".
The CT Analyzer calculates it as follows:
Ip
RCF = -----------
-
Is ⋅ K
RCF ratio correction factor

Ip primary rms current
Is secondary rms current
K Ipn/Isn (nominal primary current / nominal secondary current)
10.4 Calculation of e.m.f. rms Voltage (Uc)

The following formula is used to calculate the e.m.f rms voltage (UC), if voltage
is applied at the secondary terminal (refer to Figure 10-1 page 175):
t
2πf
2 ∫0
Uc = * (U ct − Rct ict )dt
178
10.5 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FS)

According to IEC 60044-1 the instrument security factor is the ratio of the rated
instrument limit primary current to the rated primary current. The rated
instrument limit primary current is defined as that minimum primary current at
which the composite error of the CT is equal to or greater than 10%.
The standard delivers two methods to calculate FS:
• The indirect method for calculating the FS (refer to section 10.5.2 on
page 181).
• The direct method as described in appendix A of the standard (refer to
section 10.5.1).
The CT Analyzer supports both methods, the calculation according to the direct
method as well as the calculation according to the indirect method.
10.5.1 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FS)

according to the Direct Measurement Method
The direct method considers the ratio error of the CT and is therefore more
accurate than the indirect method. The direct method is implemented as follows:
Is (b) Ic (a)
α
Ip / N (c)
For calculation of FS, the measured secondary winding resistance is corrected

to 75°C. The device calculates the FS for the nominal burden and the operating
burden.
Calculation of the composite current Ic is performed as follows, according to the
equation a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 b c cosα.
179
CT Analyzer
Ip 2 Ip
I s + ⎛ ----⎞ – ⎛ 2 ⋅ I s ⋅ ---- ⋅ cos α⎞
2
Ic =
⎝ N⎠ ⎝ N ⎠
I psc I
- at that point where the composite current is 10 % of
FS = -------- ---p-
I pn N
Ic
ε c = ------------------- ⋅ 100
I pn
------- ⋅ FS
N
Isn rated secondary current

Iexc excitation current
Ic calculated composite current
Ipn nominal primary current
Ipsc rated primary short curcuit current
FS instrument security factor
N rated transformer winding ratio
εc Composite error
Note 1: The composite current cannot be compared to the excitation current in

the excitation graph, since the composite current is calculated with Rct at 75°C
and the excitation current is measured at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the
winding compensation is included in the value of the used secondary current Is.
In order to verify the calculated value, use the following formula to calculate the
excitation current:
I pn ⋅ FS
I ext = ------------------ ⋅ 0.1
N
The excitation current now delivers an according value on the excitation curve
that can be used to calculate the burden current.
Note 2: The output current is not measured, but calculated instead. Therefore,
the accuracy of FS can differ by up to 10% from the reality.
180
10.5.2 Calculation of Instrument Security Factor (FSi)

according to the Indirect Measurement Method
The calculation of FSi according to the IEC 60044-1 indirect measurement
method is implemented as follows:
1. Calculation of the total impedance under consideration of the phase of the
load (burden).
2 2
Z = ( R burden + R CT_75° ) + X b
R burden = Z burden ⋅ cos ϕ
2
X b = Z burden ⋅ 1 – cos ϕ
2. Stepping up the current through the load (Z) (CT output current) until the
excitation current reaches 10% of the current flowing through the load (Z)
I ext
( -------- = 0.1 ).
I out
For each step, the calculation V emf = I out ⋅ Z has to be done to read the
corresponding Iext from the excitation graph.
Attention: The e.m.f. voltage has to be used to find out Iext for the calculation
of FSi as defined in the standard IEC 60044-1. Do not use the terminal
voltage to find the corresponding Iext, since this would lead to incorrect
results. Because the standard excitation graph according to IEC 60044-1
only shows the terminal voltage, you should switch to the ANSI excitation
graph on the CT Analyzer. With the tools CTA Remote Excel File Loader or
CTA Remote Control it is possible to get the e.m.f. values from the excitation
graph.
3. After the point where the excitation current is 10% of the output current is
found, the FSi can be calculated as follows:
I out
FSi = --------
I sn
The result is displayed as FSi in the user interface and in all reports.
181
CT Analyzer
10.5.3 Example for Verification of FSi

Refer to the CT Analyzer test cards shown below.
• Nominal load = 10VA, cosϕ = 0.8
• I-sn = 1A
• Rct at 75°C = 3.907Ω
• FSi = 6.16
• FS = 10
Figure 10-3:
Values determined by
the CT Analyzer
Proceed as follows to verify the FSi value:

1. Calculate the total impedance of the CT incl. the winding resistance Rct:
2 2 2
Z = ( 10 ⋅ cos ϕ + 3.907 ) + ( 10 ⋅ 1 – cos ϕ ) => 13.33 Ω
2. Calculate Vemf as follows: Vemf = FSi * Isn * Z
V emf = FSi ⋅ I sn ⋅ Z
V emf = 6.16 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 13.33
V emf = 82.1 V
182
3. Read Iext from the ANSI excitation graph at Vemf (e.g. at 82 V: Iext = 0.588 A).
4. Calculate whether FSi is really at the 10% error border:

I ext ⋅ 10 A ⋅ 10
FSi = ------------------ = 0.588
----------------------------- => FSi ∼ 5.88
I sn 1A
Or calculate the error at FSi:
I ext 0.588
Error [%] = -------------------- ⋅ 100 = ------------------ ⋅ 100 => Error ∼ 9, 5 %
FSi ⋅ I sn 6.16 ⋅ 1
5. FSi must be lower than the FS on the CT-Object card (FSi ≤ FSrated):
5.88 < 10 = true => ok
Attention: Often it is not possible to read the point where the CT reaches an
error of 10% on the excitation graph because the excitation graph is not
measured far enough. In this case, use the highest available point to verify FSi.
183
CT Analyzer
10.6 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF)

According to IEC 60044-1 the accuracy limiting factor is the ratio of the rated
accuracy limit primary current to the rated primary current. Depending on the
accuracy class, the accuracy limiting factor is defined as that primary current at
which the composite error is equal to or smaller than 5 % or 10 %.
The standard delivers two methods to calculate ALF:
• The indirect method for calculating the ALF (refer to section 10.6.2 on
page 186).
• The direct method as described in appendix A of the standard (refer to
section 10.6.1).
The CT Analyzer supports both methods, the calculation according to the direct
method as well as the calculation according to the indirect method.
10.6.1 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF)

according to the Direct Measurement Method
The direct method considers the ratio error of the CT and is therefore more
accurate than the indirect method. The direct method is implemented as follows:
Is (b) Ic (a)
α
Ip / N (c)
For calculation of ALF, the measured secondary winding resistance is corrected

to 75°C. The device calculates the ALF for the nominal burden and the operating
burden.
Calculation of the composite current Ic is performed as follows, according to the
equation a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 b c cosα.
184
Ip 2 Ip
I s + ⎛ ----⎞ – ⎛ 2 ⋅ I s ⋅ ---- ⋅ cos α⎞
2
Ic =
⎝ N⎠ ⎝ N ⎠
I psc I
- at that point where the composite current is 5 % or 10 % of
ALF = -------- ---p-
I pn N
Ic
ε c = ----------------------- ⋅ 100
I pn
------- ⋅ ALF
N

Iexc excitation current
Ic calculated composite current
Ipn nominal primary current
Ipsc rated primary short curcuit current
ALF accuracy limiting factor
N rated transformer winding ratio
εc Composite error
Note 1: The composite current cannot be compared to the excitation current in
the excitation graph, since the composite current is calculated with Rct at 75°C
and the excitation current is measured at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the
winding compensation is included in the value of the used secondary current Is.
In order to verify the calculated value, use the following formula to calculate the
excitation current:
I pn ⋅ ALF
I ext = ----------------------- ⋅ 0.1 for a 5 % CT, use factor 0.05 instead of 0.1
N
The excitation current now delivers an according value on the excitation curve
that can be used to calculate the burden current.
Note 2: The output current is not measured, but calculated instead. Therefore,
the accuracy of ALF can differ by up to 10% from the reality.
185
CT Analyzer
10.6.2 Calculation of Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALFi)

according to the Indirect Measurement Method
The calculation of ALFi according to the IEC 60044-1 indirect measurement
method is implemented as follows:
1. Calculation of the total impedance under consideration of the phase of the
load.
2 2
Z = ( R burden + R CT_75° ) + X b
R burden = Z burden ⋅ cos ϕ
2
X b = Z burden ⋅ 1 – cos ϕ
ext I V
emf
2. Determination of the excitation current where -------- ⋅ 10 = 1 with I out = ----------
-
I out Z
3. Reading of the e.m.f. voltage (Val) from the excitation cuve (e.m.f. voltage
that corresponds to the excitation current determined in step 2.).
Attention: The e.m.f. voltage has to be used to find out Iext for the calculation
of ALFi as defined in the standard IEC 60044-1. Do not use the terminal
voltage to find the corresponding Iext, since this would lead to incorrect
results. Because the standard excitation graph according to IEC 60044-1
only shows the terminal voltage, you should switch to the ANSI excitation
graph on the CT Analyzer. With the tools CTA Remote Excel File Loader or
CTA Remote Control it is possible to get the e.m.f. values from the excitation
graph.
V al
4. Calculation of ALF: ALF = -------------
-
Z ⋅ I sn
The result is displayed as ALFi in the user interface and in all reports.
The ALFi can be verified using the following equation:
V al
ALF ⋅ I sn ≥ -------
Z
ext I
Val is the voltage where -------- ⋅ 10 = 1 (10% error current).
I out
186
10.7 Calculation of Peak Instantaneous Error (ε^)

CT Analyzer calculates ε^ according to IEC 60044-6, §3.3:
100 ⋅ Î ext
ε^ ε̂ = --------------------------------
2 ⋅ I sn ⋅ K ssc
Iext Peak excitation current read from the excitation graph at Emax.
2 2
Emax E max = K dt_meas ⋅ K ssc ⋅ ( I sn ⋅ ( R CT + R b ) + X b )
Ktd meas Ktd calculated (parameter from Excitation card), refer to section
10.17 ”Determination of Transient Dimensioning Factor (Ktd)” on
page 196.
Kssc Kssc from the settings (CT-Object card).
RCT Measured winding resistance (RCT) at 75°C.
Rb Burden entered in CT-Object card for parameter "VA" or "Burden",
depending on the selected page on the Excitation card (using the soft
key R E S U L T W I T H N O M . V A or R E S U L T W I T H B U R D E N ).
10.8 Calculation of Rated Symmetrical Short

Circuit Current Factor (Kssc)
The calculation of the symmetrical short-circuit current current factor is done
according to IEC 60044-6, §3.15:
I psc
K ssc = --------
-
I pn
187
CT Analyzer
10.9 Calculation of Dimensioning Factor (Kx)

The dimensioning factor Kx is only used for IEC 60044-1 class PX.
Ek
K x = ----------------------------------
-
( R ct + R b ) ⋅ I sn
Ek rated knee point e.m.f.

Rb rated resistive burden
Rct resistance of secondary winding at 75°C
On the Excitation card, Kx is calculated at the Iprim where the accuracy limit (Ek)
is reached with the selected load. The selected load can be the nominal burden
(parameter "VA", soft key R E S U L T W I T H N O M . V A ) or the operating burden
(parameter "Burden", soft key R E S U L T W I T H B U R D E N ).
10.10 Calculation of Secondary Loop Time Constant

(Ts)
Value of the time constant of the secondary loop of the current transformer
obtained from the sum of CT inductance and resistance and secondary loop
inductance and resistance.
Ls
TS = RS = Rb + Rct75°C Rb = Rwire + Rrelay LS = Lct + Lb
Rs
Ls sum of magnetizing and leakage inductances
Lct unsaturated inductance of the CT
Lb inductance of the measured burden
Rs secondary loop resistance
Rct CT resistance at 75°C
Rb resistive portion of measured burden without temperature correction
188
10.11 Calculation of Rated Secondary Terminal

Voltage (VB) acc. to IEEE C57.13
The rated secondary terminal voltage is calculated at the point where the current
ratio error is 10%. We defined this error as follows:
( I prim – ( I CT × ratio ) ) × 10 = 0
In other words, Iprim is the primary current where the CT has an error of 10%.
Then, the rated secondary terminal voltage can be calculated as follows:
V B = I CT × Z b
Furthermore, the secondary excitation voltage VC can then be calculated as

follows:
2 2
V c = I CT × X b + ( R b + R ct )
To understand the formulas please refer to the equivalent circuit for current
transformer (refer to section 10.1 on page 175).
Ipn rated primary current
Iprim primary AC current
VC, UC secondary excitation voltage at main inductance (Lmain)
Rct resistance of secondary winding
Zb external impedance at rated frequency
Rb resistive part of burden
Xb reactance of burden
UCT, VB voltage at secondary terminal
ICT current at the secondary terminals
189
CT Analyzer
10.12 Remanence Factor (Kr)

B Ψs Remanence factor (Kr):
Ψr
Remanence Ψr K r = 100 *
Ψs
Coercivity
Magnetizing
force Ψr = remanent flux
H Ψs = saturation flux
Kr = remanence factor in %
Used measurement method

An AC method very similar to the definition in IEC 60044-6, annex B2, is used.
The CT Analyzer measures the flux in the main inductivity and not at the
terminals. This is possible because the CT Analyzer subtracts the voltage over
the winding resistance Rct from the voltage measured at the terminals
(Uc = Uct – (Rct x Ict)).
Measuring the flux in the main inductivity (i.e., behind the winding resistor)
delivers the same result as measuring the flux on a second transformer winding
with the same number of turns. In other words, the CT Analyzer measures the
hysteresis loop in the core and therefore measures that flux that is really of
interest.
It is not necessary for the CT Analyzer to wait 3 minutes after the test is finished
(as described in IEC 60044-6, § 3.25) because no burden is connected to the
CT during the test and therefore the current almost immediately returns to zero
after the deactivation of the voltage at the terminals. In a real CT, the current only
decreases with the secondary time constant (L/R) and thus can require up to 3
minutes until it is actually zero.
Saturation flux (Ψs)

That peak value of the flux which would exist in a core in the transition from the
non-saturated to the fully saturated condition and deemed to be that point on the
B-H characteristic for the core concerned at which a 10 % increase in B causes
H to be increased by 50 %
190
Remanent flux (Ψr)

That value of flux which would remain in the core 3 min after the interruption of
an exciting current of sufficient magnitude to induce the saturation flux (Ψs).
10.13 Saturated Inductance (LS)

The following steps are used to determine the saturated inductance.
1. Calculation of inductance of the
1,05
two most top measurement 1
3 2
points: 1
Flux [Vs]
0,95
Ψ − Ψ2
L12 = 1 0,9
I1 − I 2 0,85
0,8
Ψ = measured flux 0 2 4 6 8
I = peak current at measurement Ipeak [A]

point
Point 1 is the highest measured point of the IEC 60044-6 excitation curve,
and point 2 is the second highest point of the same curve.
2. Calculation of inductance between points 2 and 3:
Ψ2 − Ψ3
L23 =
I2 − I3
Point 2 is the second highest measured point of the IEC 60044-6 excitation
curve and point 3 is the third highest point of the same curve.
3. Calculation of inductance between points 1 and 3:
Ψ1 − Ψ3
L13 = = Ls
I1 − I 3
4. If one of the following conditions applies, the saturated inductance cannot be
determined and n/a will be shown as result:
I knee < 1A AND I1 < 5I knee (1)
L12
0.5 < < 1.5 (2)
L23
L13 > 30mH (3)
Iknee = knee-point current according to IEC 60044-6
191
CT Analyzer
10.14 Non-saturated Inductance (Lm)

The non-saturated inductance is calculated as the mean inductance within the
linear region of the excitation curve in the range between 20% and 90% of the
knee point. If the curve is reaching the non-linear zone at a value smaller than
90% of the knee point, the last point before the curve reaches the non-linear
zone is taken as the uppermost measurement point. The zone between 20%
and 90% (or the uppermost point) is linearly divided into 10 segments and the
non-saturated inductance is calculated as the arithmetic mean value of these 10
segments.
One point is calculated as follows:
Ψ
L n = ------n-
In
Ψn, In = peak flux and peak current at one point of the excitation curve
The total unsaturated inductance is calculated as follows:
L 90%
∑L Ln
Lm = ---------------------
20%
10.15 Knee Point

According to IEC 60044-1
The point on the excitation graph (Vkn, Ikn) where an increase of the secondary
terminal rms voltage by 10% causes a 50% increase of the rms current into the
secondary terminals.
According to IEC 60044-6
The point on the excitation graph (Vkn, Ikn) where an increase of the emf rms
voltage (core flux) by 10% causes an increase of the peak current by 50%.
According to IEEE C57.13-1993 (ANSI)
192
For current transformers with non-gapped cores, the knee is defined as the point
(Vkn, Ikn) where the tangent is at 45 degrees to the abscissa. For current
transformers with gapped cores, the knee is defined as the point where the
tangent is at 30 degrees to the abscissa.
10.16 Class Definition

10.16.1 Class Definition According to (ANSI) IEEE C57-13.1-
1981 Protection
Accuracy classes for metering:
The accuracy has to be kept for all power factors in the range of 0.6 to 1.
Metering class At 100% rated current x RF At 10% rated current
min max min max
0.3 0.997 1.003 0.994 1.006
0.6 0.994 1.006 0.988 1.012
1.2 0.988 1.012 0.976 1.024
Max. peak instantaneous error at accuracy limit condition 20 x Ipn

Class Max. peak instantaneous error in % at 20 x Ipn
C ε = 10
K ε = 10 AND Vb < 0.7 x Ukn
T ε = 10
10.16.2 Class Definition According to IEC 60044-6

Class At rated primary current At accuracy limit condition
Ratio error Phase displacement Max. peak instantaneous
in % min centiradians error in %
S nd ε = 10
TPS 0.25 ε = 10
TPX 0.5 30 0.9 ε = 10
TPY 1.0 60 1.8 ε = 10
TPZ 1.0 180 ± 18 5.3 ± 0.6 ε = 10
193
CT Analyzer
10.16.3 Class Definition According to IEC 60044-1
Instrument transformers according to 60044-1

Limits for measuring current transformer classes from 0.1 to 1:
Accuracy class Permitted current (ratio) error (± in %)
at percentage of rated current Ipn
5% of Ipn 20% of Ipn 100% of Ipn 120% of Ipn
0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.2 0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2
0.5 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5
1.0 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.0
Accu- Permitted phase displacement (±)

racy at percentage of rated current Ipn
class in minutes in centiradians
5% 20% 100% 120% 5% 20% 100% 120%
0.1 15 8 5 5 0.45 0.24 0.15 0.15
0.2 30 15 10 10 0.9 0.45 0.3 0.3
0.5 90 45 30 30 2.7 1.35 0.9 0.9
1.0 180 90 60 60 5.4 2.7 1.8 1.8
Limits for special application transformers:

Accuracy Permitted current (ratio) error (± in %)
class at percentage of rated current Ipn
1% of Ipn 5% of Ipn 20% of Ipn 100% of Ipn 120% of Ipn
0.2S 0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.5S 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.5
Accu- Permitted phase displacement (±)

racy at percentage of rated current Ipn
class in minutes in centiradians
1% 5% 20% 100% 120% 1% 5% 20% 100% 120%
0.2S 30 15 10 10 10 0.9 0.45 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.5S 90 45 30 30 30 2.7 1.35 0.9 0.9 0.9
194
Limits of current error for measuring current transformers (class 3 and 5):
Accuracy class Permitted current (ratio) error (± in %)
at percentage of rated current Ipn
50% of Ipn 120% of Ipn
3 3 3
5 5 5
The load must have a cos ϕ of 0.8 if the load is above 5VA and a cos ϕ of 1 if it
is between 1 and 5VA. A load < 1VA is not allowed (see IEC 60044-1, section
11.2).
Error limits for protection CTs according to IEC 60044-1
Accuracy Permitted Permitted phase Composite error

class current error (±) displacement (±) at at rated accuracy
at rated primary rated primary current limit primary
current current
in % minutes centiradians in %
5P 1 60 1.8 5
10P 3 - - 10
195
CT Analyzer
10.17 Determination of Transient Dimensioning

Factor (Ktd)
10.17.1 Calculation for Class TPZ
Calculated according to IEC 60044-6, A5:
TP
⎛ T ⎞ Ts −T p )
K td = K tf = ωTP ⎜⎜ p ⎟⎟ + 1 = Ktf at tmax
⎝ Ts ⎠
10.17.2 Calculation for Class TPX, TPY

A worst case value is calculated. All formulas given below are calculated and the
worst case value is taken.
Step 1
Calculation of Ktf at tmax.
Ktd at tmax is calculated according to IEC 60044-6, A5:
TP
⎛ T ⎞ Ts −T p )
K td = K tf = ωTP ⎜⎜ p ⎟⎟ + 1 = Ktf at tmax
⎝ Ts ⎠
T p * Ts ⎛ Tp ⎞
t max = * ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
(T p − T s ) ⎝ Ts ⎠
Step 2
Calculation of Ktd at accuracy limiting time of cycle 1:
⎧⎪⎡ ωT T ⎤ ⎡ −t 'al − t 'al ⎫

⎤⎪
Tp
Ktd’ for single duty cycle (CO): K 'td = ⎨⎢
p s
⎥ e⎢ − e Ts ⎥ ⎬ + 1
⎪⎩⎣⎢ (Tp − Ts ) ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
196
Step 3
Calculation of Ktd at accuracy limiting time of cycle 2 (if defined).
Ktd'' for COCO cycle with consideration of remanence:
⎧⎪⎡ ωT T ⎤ ⎡ −t ' −t 'al

⎤ ⎫⎪ − (t fr +t ''al ) ⎡ ωTpTs ⎤ ⎡ −Tt''al −t ''al
⎤
Tp
⎥ ⎢e − e Ts ⎥ + 1
p s
⎥ ⎢e − e ⎥ + 1⎬e
" Ts Ts
K = ⎨⎢
td +⎢ p
⎪⎩⎣⎢ (Tp − Ts ) ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭ ⎣⎢ (Tp − Ts ) ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Consideration of Remanence
− ( t fr + t ''al )
T
In order to consider the remanence in the term e s
, we limit the value
of the term to the remanence value. Therefore, the value of this term cannot be
smaller than 0.8, if the remanence is 0.8.
In M A I N M E N U -> S E T T I N G S -> K T D C A L C U L A T I O N , you can select whether
you want to have Ktd calculated according to IEC 60044-6 (remanence not
considered) or according to Omicron (remanence considered).
Result: The highest of the values Ktd, Ktd’ or Ktd’’ is the value used for Ktd.
197
CT Analyzer
10.18 Parameter Search Function (Guesser

Function)
Overview
Start
Resistance Ratio
measurement measurement
yes yes Guess I-pn

Guess I-sn
I-sn = ? I-pn = ? (see page 199)
(see page 199)
no no
yes Guess class for

Excitation Standard IEC 60044-1
measurement 60044-1 (see page 202)
?
no
yes yes Guess class for

P/M = ? Guess P/M Standard ANSI
(see page 199) ANSI (see page 203)
?
no no
yes Guess burden

VA = ? (see page 204) End
no
yes Guess parameter

Standard for IEC 60044-1
60044-1 (see page 200)
?
no
yes Guess parameter

Standard for IEC 60044-6
60044-6 (see page 201)
?
no
Standard yes Guess parameter

ANSI for ANSI
? (see page 200)
no
198
Isn guessing Ipn guessing

(secondary current) (primay current)
Start Start
Standard values [A]:

yes no Calculate Ip: 1, 5
Rct < 1 ohm
? 10, 12, 12.5, 15, 16, 18
Ip = I-sn * Ncore
20, 24, 25
I-pn = nearest 30, 32, 35, 36
standard value for 40, 48
I-sn = 5 A I-sn = 1 A Ip or its decimal
50
multiples or
fractions 60
72, 75
80
End End
P/M guessing
(protection or measurement CT)
Start
yes V-knee yes

I-sn = 1 A < 100 V
? ?
no no
yes V-knee yes

I-sn = 5 A < 20 V
? ?
no no
P/M =
P/M =
measurement
protection core
core
End
199
CT Analyzer
Parameter guessing for IEC 60044-1
Start
yes yes Guess Ts:

Ts = ? Class = ..PR Ts = Ls/Rs
? (see page 188)
no no
yes yes Guess Ek/Ie:

P/M = P Class = PX Ek = knee point
? ? Ie = Iexc at Ek
no no
Standard values ALF:
5
Second no
Guess FS: Guess ALF: 10
knee point?
FS = Ip/I-pn ALF = Ip/I-pn 15
(see page 179) (see page 184) 20
yes
30
Choose the next Choose the next
higher standard lower standard Guess E1/Ie1:
value from table. value from table.
E1 = knee point Standard values FS:
Ie1 = Iexc at E1 1
1.5
2
5
10
Guess Kx: 15
Kx = Ip/I-pn 20
(see page 188) 30
End
Parameter guessing for IEEE C57.13 (ANSI)
Start
no
P/M = P
?
yes
Standard values Vb [V]:

Guess Vb:
10
Vb = 20 * I-sn * Zb
20
Choose the next 50
lower standard 100
value from table. 200
400
800
End
200
Parameter guessing for IEC 60044-6
Start
yes Class = yes Guess Ts:

Ts = ? TPY or TPZ Ts = Ls/Rs
?
no no
Guess Val/Ial:
yes Val = knee point Second no
Class = TPS (ΔIexc/ΔEk = knee point
? 10% : 100%) ?
Ial = Iexc at Ek
no yes
yes Guess E1/Ie1:

Class = TPZ E1 = knee point 1
? Ie1 = Iexc at E1
no
Standard values Kssc:

Guess Ktd for Guess Ktd for
TPX/TPY: TPZ: 3
Calculate Ktd Calculate Ktd 5
7.5
10
12.5
Guess Kssc: Guess Kssc: 15
Guess Kssc:
Ucore at 10% ε^ Kssc = Val / 17.5
Kssc = Emax /
Kssc = Ucore / (Ktd * Zs * I-sn) 20
(Ktd * Zs * I-sn)
(Ktd * Zs * I-sn) Choose the next
Choose the next 25
Choose the next lower standard
lower standard 30
lower standard value from table.
value from table. 40
value from table.
50
End
201
CT Analyzer
Class guessing for IEC 60044-1
Start
no P
P/M = M
?
M yes
Assess class 0.1
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 0.2S
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 0.2
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 0.5S
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 0.5
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 1
yes
Class ok?
no
Assess class 3
yes
Class ok?
no
Set class = 5 Apply class
End
202
Class guessing for IEEE C57.13 (ANSI)
Start
no P
P/M = M
?
M yes
Assess class 0.3
yes Knee point no

Class ok?
≥ 0.7 * Vb
no
?
yes
Assess class 0.6
yes
Class ok?
no
Set class = 1.2 Apply class Set class = K Set class = C
End
203
CT Analyzer
10.19 Guesser Algorithm for Burden

Start
No No
Set Uref equal to the
voltage of the highest Get CT Type Factor = 10 . 0
No ANSI-30 KP found?
point of the excitation
curve
Yes Meas CT? Standard = IEC-1?
KP
U ref = U ANSI 30
Yes Yes
Factor = 5.0 Class Specified?

Get Standard
Yes
No Class Specified?
No
Standard = IEC-6? Brdmax = MCT _ Brdmax Yes
Class <> PX?
No
Yes Yes
Factor = FS No
Factor = 10 . 0 ALF specified?
No Standard = IEC-1?
Yes
Kssc specifed?
Burden Table
Yes
Factor = ALF No
Yes = MCT_ANSI
Factor = Kssc Burden Table IEC

Brd max = PCT _ Brd max
No = MCT_IEC
No Ktd specifed? No CT Class = TPS?

Burden Table
Yes Yes Get Isec = PCT_ANSI
Factor* = Ktd K specifed? Burden Table

1 . 3 * U ref * I sec
Brd ref = = PCT_IEC
No Yes Factor
Factor* = K Search the burden value (Brd)
which corresponds to the
VAref in the appropriate
burden table.
IEC
Brd max = PCT _ Brd max
Burden Table = Brd_max initialized?

PCT_IEC
Yes
PCT_IEC: 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0,
7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0,22.5, 20.0, Brd = min(Brd, Brdmax )
22.5, 30.0, 45.0, 50.0, 60.0 VA
No
PCT_ANSI: 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0 VA MCT _ Brd max = 15VA
MCT_IEC: 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, IEC
PCT _ Brd max = 30VA
12.5, 15.0, 22.5, 20.0, 22.5, 30.0 VA
ANSI
MCT_ANSI: 2.5, 5.0, 12.5, 22.5 VA PCT _ Brd max = 50VA
Brd >=5.0VA? No ANSI Standard? No Cos phi specified?
Yes
Yes
No Meas CT? No
Yes
Cosϕ = 0.8 Cosϕ = 1.0 Cosϕ = 0.9 Cosϕ = 0.5
Yes
End
204
10.20 Burden Entry Logic

Depending on whether
• the test contains a Burden card or not,
• the burden is defined in the CT-Object card or not, and
• the parameter "I-sn" is defined in the CT-Object card or not,
the CT Analyzer reads the burden value from a different source.
The "Burden" parameter defines the operating burden connected to the CT and
therefore distinguishes from the "VA" parameter which defines the nominal
burden the CT is made for.
• Default values:
If the test does not contain a Burden card, the default burden value is "?".
Therefore, the software tries to determine the correct burden using the
guesser function (refer to section 10.19 ”Guesser Algorithm for Burden” on
page 204).
If a Burden card is included in the test, a "?" is entered for the "Burden"
parameter in the CT-Object card to indicate that the burden has to be found
by the CT Analyzer by means of a burden test. Entering a value for the
"Burden" parameter in the CT-Object card is not possible until the test is
finished.
• Behavior after the C L E A R R E S U L T S soft key has been pressed:
If the test does not contain a Burden card, the burden value is changed to
"?", if the CT Analyzer determined the burden using the guesser function. If
a value was entered in the CT-Object card, this value is not changed.
If a Burden card is included in the test, a "?" is entered for the "Burden"
parameter in the CT-Object card to indicate that the burden has to be found
by the CT Analyzer by means of a burden test. Entering a value for the
"Burden" parameter in the CT-Object card is not possible until the test is
finished.
The following table defines the behavior of the CT Analyzer depending on the
specified definitions and parameters.
205
CT Analyzer
Burden card "Burden" Behavior of the CT Analyzer

included in the parameter in
test CT-Object
card
No Value defined All calculations are performed with the
(e.g. 10VA) burden value defined in the CT-Object
card (10VA).
No "?" All calculations are performed with the
burden value measured during the
excitation test.
The burden is calculated and entered into
the "Burden" field after the excitation test.
Yes "?" All calculations are performed with the
burden value measured during the burden
test.
The burden is calculated and entered into
the "Burden" field after the burden test.
Value entry in the "Burden" field in the CT-
Object card is not possible until the test is
finished.
Yes Value defined The value in the "Burden" parameter field is
(e.g. 10VA) automatically changed to "?" when the
Burden card is added, even if a value has
been entered before.
206
Parameter Definition Syntax for the Different Standards
11 Parameter Definition Syntax for the

Different Standards
11.1 How to Read the Parameter Definition Syntax
Charts
The parameter definition syntax charts shown on the following pages have to be
read from the left to the right. How to read them is described below using the
IEC 60044-1 chart on page 208 as an example:
1. First, the standard has to be defined (in our example: "IEC 60044-1").
2. Then you have to define whether the CT is a protection CT or a
measurement CT ("P" or "M"). If you do not define this parameter ("?"), class
definition is not possible.
3. After this, the class has to be defined. Depending on whether the CT is a
measurement CT ("M") or a protection CT ("P"), a different set of classes is
available. If no class definition is done ("?"), it is not possible to define an
overcurrent number and no assessment of the calculated results can be
performed.
4. If you have defined the class of the CT, you have to enter an overcurrent
number.
5. If you have previously defined the class and the overcurrent number, the
CT Analyzer performs a calculation of the results and performs an
assessment for ALF and the class (in case of a protection CT) or for FS and
the class (in case of a measurement CT.
If no class definition has been performed ("?" for the class definition), the
CT Analyzer performs a calculation of the results but is not able to perform
an assessment.
207
CT Analyzer
11.2 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEC 60044-1

Protection [P]/ Overcurrent
Standard Class Results/Assessments
Measuement [M] Number
Results:
Knee point: 10/50, UKnee, IKnee,
? ALF/FS, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
Excitation curve, Ratio, εc, RCT, Class
IEC 60044-1 P (?) ? Assessments:

According to guessed parameters
ALF (?)
RCT
1-300 Results:
? Knee point: 10/50, UKnee, IKnee,
2P Softkeys ALF, TS, LS, Lm, Kr, Excit. curve, Ratio,
3P ?, 5, 10, εc, RCT, Class
15, 20, 30
4P Assessments:
?
5P ALF >= ALF from settings (Object page)
Rct <= RCT from settings
6P
Class:
10P Ratio-Err <= 1% (5P) or 10% (10P)
Phase-Err <= 60 min (5P)
ALF (?) εc,<= 5% (5P) or <= 10% (10P)
RCT 1-300
? ? Results:
2PR Knee point: 10/50, UKnee, IKnee,
3PR ALF, TS, LS, Lm, Kr, Excit. curve, Ratio,
4PR εc, RCT, Class
5PR Ts Assessments:
6PR ? ALF >= ALF from settings (Object page)
Kr <= 10%
10PR Rct <= Rct from settings
Class:
PX Ratio-Err <= 1% (5P) or 3% (10P)
Phase-Err <= 60 min (5P)
εc,<= 5% (5P) or <= 10% (10P)
Kx
(?) Results:
Knee point: 10/50, VKnee, IKnee,
RCT ? Kx, Ek, Ie, E1, Ie1, TS, LS, Lm, Kr, Excit.
? curve, Ratio, εc, RCT, Class
Ie
? Assessments:
Ie1 Kx, EK, Ie, E1, Ie1, RCT
? Class:
Ek εc,<= 0.25% (Turns ratio error)
?
E1
Results:
? Knee point: 10/50
FS, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
Excitation curve [ARMS],
? ? UKnee, IKnee ,
Ratio error (ε, Phase error, εc, Class,
RCT
M
Ext FS (?) Assessments:
(120%) 1-30 According to guessed parameters
? Softkeys
FS 1,
RCT
1,5, 2, 5,
? 10, 15, Results:
0,1 20, 30 Knee point: 10/50
0,2 FS, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
? Excitation curve [ARMS],
0,2S
UKnee, IKnee , Ratio, εc, Class, RCT
0,5
0,5S
1 Assessments:
3 FS, Fsi, Rct
Class:
Values in brackets () are 5
Ratio and phase error is within limits
default values. according to IEC 60044-1
208
Overcurrent number and
Standard Class Duty cycle definition Results/Assessments
extended definition
IEC 60044-6 TPS

Kssc Results:
1-300 Knee point: 10/50,
(10) VKnee, IKnee, KSSC , Ts, LS, Lm,
Softkeys Kr,
3, 5, 7.5, 10,
12.5, 15, 17.5, Excit. curve (Vemf, IPEAK),
20, 25, 30, 40, Val, Ial, E1, Ie1, et, RCT,
50, 100 Ratio, Phase, Polarity, N
?
Assessments:
K K*KSSC, Ial, Val, E1, Rct,
(1) Class: et, =< 0.25%,
?
RCT
?
Val
?
Ial
Classes TPS and TPZ
?
E1
?
Ie 1
?
TP
(0 ms)
Results:
Knee point: 10/50
UKnee, IKnee, KSSC, Ktd, Ts, LS,
Lm, Kr,
TPZ
Excit. curve (Vemf, IPEAK),
KSSC Ratio, Phase, Polarity, RCT
?
Ktd
?
TP Assessments:
(20 ms) Ktd*KSSC, RCT,
Ts = +- 10% TsSetting,
TS Class:
Values in brackets () are Ratio-Err <= 1%
?
default values. Phase-Err <= 180+-18 min
RCT
?
209
210
CT Analyzer
Overcurrent number and

Standard Class Duty cycle definition Results/Assessments
extended definitions
IEC 60044-6
KSSC t1 tal1
TPX C-t1-O
(?) [1-5.000s] (40ms)
Results:
Ktd
t1 Knee point: 10/50,
(?) C-t1-O-tfr- tal1
[1-5.000s] (40ms
VKnee, IKnee, KSSC, Ktd, Ts,
TP C-t2-O LS, Lm, Kr,
(0.100s) )
(20ms)
Excit. curve (Vemf, APEAK),
t2 Val, Ial, e^, Emax, RCT,
[1-5.000s] tal2
RCT (40ms) Ratio, Phase, Polarity, N
(0.100s)
(?)
tfr Assessments:
[1-5.000s] Kdt*Kssc, RCT,
(0.300s) Class:
e^@Kssc*Ktd <= 10%,
Ratio-Err <= 0.5%;
Phase-Err <= 30 min
KSSC
Classes TPX and TPY
TPY t1
tal1
(?) C-t1-O [1-5.000s]
(40ms) Results:
TP (0.100s)
Ktd (20ms)
Knee point: 10/50,
(?) t1 VKnee, IKnee, KSSC, Ktd, Ts, LS,
TS C-t1-O-tfr- tal1 Lm, Kr,
[1-5.000s] (40ms
C-t2-O ) Excit. curve (Vemf, APEAK),
(?) (0.100s)
Val, Ial, EPS^, Emax, RCT,
t2 Ratio, Phase, Polarity, N
RCT [1-5.000s] tal2
(40ms)
(0.100s)
(?) Assessments:
tfr Kdt*Kssc, RCT,
[1-5.000s] Ts = +- 30% TsSetting
(0.300s) Kr <= 10%
Class:
e^@Kssc*Ktd <= 10%,
Values in brackets () are Ratio-Err <= 1.0%;
Phase-Err <= 60 min
default values.
11.5 Parameter Definition Syntax for IEEE C57.13
Protection [P]/ Max.

Standard Class Misc. Results/Assessments
Measuement [M] Terminal
Voltage (Vb)
Results:
IEEE C57.13 ? Knee point: ANSI 30/45, UKnee, IKnee
Vb, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
Excitation curve [ARMS], Ratio, RCT
Assessments:
-
P ?
Burden
definition Results:
Knee point: ANSI 30/45, UKnee, IKnee
default Vb, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
B-2 Excitation curve [ARMS], Ratio, RCT
B-1
B-2 Assessments:
B-4 -
B-8
Vb
100-1200
default 100
Softkeys
Results:
10, 20, 50,
Knee point: ANSI 30/45, UKnee, IKnee,
100, 200,
Vb, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
400, 800
C
K Assessments:
Vb,
T
Vknee (only K class)
RCT
?
Thermal current
rating factor
default default 2 Results:

0.3 Knee point: ANSI 30/45, UKnee, IKnee,
RF 1 FS, TS, LS, Lm, Kr,
0.3
M RF 1.5
0.6
RF 2
1.2 RF 3 Assessments:
Class:
RF 4 Ratio and phase error is within limits
according to IEEE C57.13
RCT
?
Burden definition
default
B-0.2
B-0.1
B-0.2
B-0.5
B-0.9
B-1.8
211
CT Analyzer
212
Care and Cleaning
12 Care and Cleaning

The CT Analyzer does not require any special maintenance or care. Clean the
device from time to time or as necessary using a cloth dampened with water or
isopropanol alcohol.
213
CT Analyzer
214
Technical Data
13 Technical Data
Guaranteed data are specified for an ambient temperature of 23°C ± 5°, a
power supply of 115/230VAC, and after a warm-up time longer than 15 minutes.
Guaranteed data are valid for the period of one year after factory adjustment.
13.1 Mains Power Supply

Table 13-1:
Technical data for Mains power supply
mains power supply
Connection Connector according to IEC 60320
Voltage, single phase
– rated voltage 110/230VAC
– permitted range 85 - 264VAC
Mains fuses 2 x T6A H 250V,
(high-breaking capacity wire fuse 5 x 20mm)
Power consumption 500VA max.
Frequency
– rated frequency 50/60Hz
– permitted range 45 - 65Hz
Overvoltage category II
13.2 Generator Output

Table 13-2:
Technical data for Generator output
generator output
Output current 0 - 5Arms (15Apeak)
Output voltage 0 - 120VAC
Output power 0 - 400VArms (1500VApeak)
215
CT Analyzer
13.3 Measurement Inputs

Table 13-3:
Technical data for Measurement input "Sec"
measurement input
"Sec" Voltage ranges 0 - 0.3 / 3 / 30 / 300VAC (auto ranging)
Accuracy 0.1% guar.
Input impedance 0 - 15V: 1MΩ
15 - 300V: 500kΩ to 1MΩ, depending on the
voltage. Input current is compensated by the
device.
Insulation Reinforced insulation (R) to all other circuits
Table 13-4:
Technical data for
measurement input Measurement input "Prim"
"Prim"
Voltage ranges 0 - 0.03 / 0.3 / 3 / 30VAC (auto ranging)
Accuracy 0.1% guar.
Input impedance 0 - 15V: 330kΩ
15 - 30V: 120kΩ to 330kΩ, depending on the
voltage.
Insulation Reinforced insulation (R) to all other circuits
13.4 Winding Resistance Accuracy

Table 13-5:
Winding resistance Winding resistance accuracy
accuracy
Resolution 1mΩ
Accuracy
– typical 0.05 %
– guaranteed 0.1 % + 1 mΩ
216
Technical Data
13.5 Ratio and Phase Accuracy

The values given in the following table are only valid under the following
conditions:
• All utility lines to the primary side of the CT are disconnected.
• One terminal of the primary side of the CT is connected to PE.
• The original measurement cables delivered by OMICRON for the
CT Analyzer are used.
• The CT under test is a CT with a non-gapped core.
• The knee point voltage according to IEEE C57.13 is > 3V.
Under interfering conditions the device has reduced accuracy.
Values without the prefix "!" in the ratio table of the Ratio card have guaranteed
accuracy. The accuracy of values marked with a "!" in the table is reduced by
factor 2 since these values are not directly measured but calculated from the
measured values instead.
Table 13-6:
Accuracy of ratio values
displayed in the ratio Ratio accuracy for 1 A CTs at rated current
table (1 A CTs )
CT ratio I-sn Rated power1 Typical Guaranteed
accuracy accuracy
0.2 - 1 1 1.0 - 15VA 0.05% 0.1%
1 - 2000 1 0 - 15VA 0.02% 0.05%
2000 - 5000 1 0 - 15VA 0.03% 0.1%
5000 - 10000 1 0 - 15VA 0.05% 0.2%
1. Nominal burden of the CT.
Table 13-7:
Accuracy of ratio values
displayed in the ratio Ratio accuracy for 5 A CTs at rated current
table (5 A CTs )
CT ratio I-sn Rated power1 Typical Guaranteed
accuracy accuracy
0.2 - 1 5 1.0 - 75VA 0.05% 0.1%
1 - 2000 5 0 - 75VA 0.02% 0.05%
2000 - 5000 5 0 - 75VA 0.03% 0.1%
5000 - 10000 5 0 - 75VA 0.05% 0.2%
1. Nominal burden of the CT.
217
CT Analyzer
Table 13-8:
Phase accuracy Phase accuracy at rated current
Resolution 0.01min
Accuracy (cos ϕ 0.8 - 1)
– typical 1 min
– guaranteed 3 min
Table 13-9:
Turns ratio accuracy Turns ratio accuracy
Resolution 0.01 turns
Accuracy
– typical 0.05 %
– guaranteed 0.1 %
218
Technical Data
13.6 Insulation Coordination

Table 13-10:
Insulation coordination Insulation coordination
Potential group Working Insul. Test volt. Creepage Clearance
voltage type1 VACrms
50/60Hz
Insulation between 400V R typ. 3.7kV > 8mm > 6.5mm
mains and any other
potential group inside
the device except
earth (housing)
Insulation between 230V B 1350VAC > 3mm > 1.5mm
mains and earth
Insulation between 230VAC R 4kV > 8mm > 6.5mm
SELV potential and
mains (CF slot,
remote control
interface)
Insulation between 300V R 6kV2 > 6.4mm > 5.9mm
30V/300V inputs
and SELV or output
potential group
Insulation between 125V R 2.7kV2 > 6.5mm 4 mm
power output and 250V
SELV or 400V
1. R = Reinforced insulation
B = Basic insulation
2. Inputs and outputs are protected against overvoltages by surge arresters to PE. Voltages
above 350 V (input "PRIM", "Output") or above 600 V (input "SEC") will fire the surge
arresters and cause the input/output to be shorted to PE.
Note: Since some potential groups are protected by surge arresters, it is

not possible to test the insulation of a series production device with
the according test voltages given in the table.
219
CT Analyzer
13.7 Compact Flash Card Interface

Table 13-11:
Compact Flash Card Compact Flash card interface
Interface
Card type CF type 1
Allowed memory size 16MB - 2GB
13.8 Remote Control Interface

The remote control interface can only be used with the corresponding remote
control software for PC.
Figure 13-1:
Pin assignment for 9-pole SUB-D connector, male
remote control interface
Figure shows outside view
onto the pins at the CT Analyzer!
1 nc
6 nc
2 RxD (data in / receive)
7 RTS (out)
3 TxD (data out / transmit)
8 CTS (in)
4 nc
9 +5V
5 GND (signal ground)
Do not connect!
For internal use only!
Housing: Shield (ground)
Figure 13-2:
Connection cable for 9-pole (DB9) null modem or
remote control interface crossover cable, 2 x female
Connections required:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 shield
220
Technical Data
13.9 Environmental Conditions

Table 13-12:
Environmental Environmental conditions
conditions
Operating temperature 32 ... 122°F (0 ... 50°C)
Storage and transport -13 ... 158°F (-25 ... +70°C)
Humidity range 5 ... 95% relative humidity, non-condensing
Vibration and shock Tested acc. to IEC 60068-2-6, Test Fc: Sinusoidal
vibration 10 - 150 Hz, 20 sweeps with 2g.
Tested acc. to IEC 60068-2-27, Test Ea: Half sine
shock, 11ms duration, 3 shocks with 15g.
Tested acc. to IEC 60068-2-78, Cab, Damp Heat:
Temp. 20°C, duration 48h, rel. humidity 95%.
13.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Table 13-13:
Electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility
compatibility
CE conformity The product adheres to the specifications from
the guidelines of the council of the European
community for meeting the requirements of the
member states regarding the electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC Standard 89/336/EEC).
Emissions
– International FCC Subpart B of Part 15 Class A
– Europe EN 50081-2
Susceptibility
– International IEC 1000-4-2/3/4/5/6
– Europe EN 50082-2:1992
221
CT Analyzer
13.11 Safety Standards

Table 13-14:
Safety standards Safety standards
International standards IEC 1010-1
UL 3111-1
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
European standards EN 61010-1:1993
EN 60950 +A1:1993-05
13.12 Weight and Dimensions

Table 13-15:
Weight and dimensions
Weight and dimensions
Weight < 8kg without accessories
Dimensions (w x h x d) 360 x 285 x 145 mm
222
Scope of Delivery and Accessories
14 Scope of Delivery and Accessories

14.1 CT Analyzer CT1 incl. Accessories
Table 14-1:
CT Analyzer CT1 incl. Description Article number
accessories, VE000652
CT Analyzer CT1 incl. accessories VE000652
Included parts:
1 CT Analyzer standard package VE000650
1 Accessories set for CT Analyzer VEHK0650
14.2 CT Analyzer Standard Package

Table 14-2:
CT Analyzer standard Description Article number
package, VE000650
CT Analyzer standard package VE000650
Included parts:
1 CT Analyzer hardware VEGG0650
1 Compact Flash card 128MB (memory space for at VEHZ0653
least 416 test reports)
1 USB 2.0 Compact Flash card reader VEHZ0655
1 USB - RS232 Converter and Cable VEHZ0014
1 RS232 Nullmodem Cable 3m VEHK0032
1 Power cord (country-dependent)
1 User Manual VESD0605
1 CT Analyzer PC Toolset software for CT Analyzer VESM0800
with CTA Remote Control software, CTA Quick Test,
CTA Remote Excel File Loader and other tools.
1 CPC Explorer software, PC software for visualization VESD6004
and handling of test reports
223
CT Analyzer
14.3 Accessories Set for CT Analyzer

Table 14-3:
Accessories set for Description Article number
CT Analyzer,
VEHK0650 Accessories set for the CT Analyzer VEHK0650
Included parts:
1 Coax measurement cable set with banana plugs, VEHK0651
2 x 3m, 1 x 10m
1 Battery clamp set with 4mm banana sockets for VEHZ0652
primary side connection, consisting of one red and
one black battery clamp
1 Crocodile clamp set (2 x red, 2 x black), 20 mm VEHZ0656
opening width
1 Grounding (PE) cable (gn/ye), 1 x 6m, VEHK0615
6mm2, used for protective earth connection
6 Flexible terminal adapters with 4mm banana socket
1 Carry bag for the CT Analyzer VEHP0018
224
14.4 Additional Accessories for CT Analyzer

Table 14-4:
Additional accessories Pcs. Description Article number
for the CT Analyzer
1 Coax measurement cable set with banana plugs, VEHK0651
2 x 3m, 1 x 10m
1 Coax measurement cable with banana plugs, 3m VEHK0654
1 Coax measurement cable set with Kelvin clamps, VEHK0657
3m (for measurement during production and on 5A
CTs)
1 Battery clamp set with 4mm banana sockets for VEHZ0652
primary side connection, consisting of one red and
one black battery clamp
2 Crocodile clamp for secondary side connection with VEHZ0651
4mm banana socket (1 black and 1 red clamp)
1 Crocodile clamp set (2 red + 2 black clamps), 20 mm VEHZ0656
opening width
1 Grounding (PE) cable (gn/ye), 1 x 6m, VEHK0615
6mm2, used for protective earth connection
12 Flexible terminal adapters with 4mm banana socket VEHS0009
1 USB 2.0 Compact Flash card reader VEHZ0655
1 Training CT, 300:5, class 0.5 FS 5 VEHZ0643
1 Calibration CT, 2000:1 / 2000:5, class 0.02 VEHZ0649
1 Transport case for the CT Analyzer with wheels VEHP0068
1 Carry bag for the CT Analyzer VEHP0018
1 CT Analyzer Add-On Manual VESD0607
(provides theoretical backgrounds and normative
definitions, only available in English)
225
CT Analyzer
Figure 14-1:
Accessories (1)
Battery clamp set with 4mm banana Crocodile clamps for secondary
sockets for primary side connection side connection with 4mm banana
(VEHZ0652) socket (VEHZ0651)
Crocodile clamps with 20 mm opening width (VEHZ0656)
Coax measurement cable with

Coax measurement cable with Kelvin clamps, length 3m
4mm banana plugs, length 3m, (VEHK0657)
6m, 10m, 15m or 100m
(VEHK0652 - VEHK0656)
226
Figure 14-2:
Accessories (2)
Flexible terminal adapters with Grounding cable (VEHK0615)

4mm banana socket (VEHS0009)
USB - RS232 Converter and Cable Compact Flash card reader

(VEHZ0014, left) and (VEHZ0655, symbolic
RS232 Nullmodem Cable 3m (VEHK0032) representation)
Training CT (VEHZ0643) Calibration CT (VEHZ0649)
227
CT Analyzer
Figure 14-3:
Accessories (3)
Carry bag (VEHP0018) Transport case with wheels

(VEHP0068)
228
Contact Information / Technical Support
Contact Information / Technical

Support
Europe, Africa, Middle East
OMICRON electronics GmbH
Phone: +43 5523 507-333
E-Mail: support@omicron.at
Web: www.omicron.at
Asia, Pacific
OMICRON electronics Asia Ltd, Hong Kong
Phone: +852 2634 0377
E-Mail: support@asia.omicron.at
Web: www.omicron.at
North and South America

OMICRON electronics Corp. USA
Phone: +1 713 830-4660 or 1 800 OMICRON
E-Mail: techsupport@omicronusa.com
Web: www.omicronusa.com
For addresses of OMICRON offices with customer service centers, regional

sales offices or offices for training, consulting and commissioning please see our
website.
45
Contact Information / Technical Support
46
Index
Index Assessment card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 96

assessed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
conditions for OK assessment . . . . . . . 100
4 wire connection vs. 2 wire connection . . . . 28 automatic CT test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
automatic parameter search . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A
About page (help system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
B
accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
accuracy limiting current for IEC 60044-1 class bar-type CT
PX (Ie) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 81–82, 97 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
accuracy limiting factor (ALF, ALFi) basic wiring for burden test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 79–80, 97 basic wiring for CT test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
accuracy limiting secondary excitation current Burden (parameter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
(Ial) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 98 Burden card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 72
accuracy limiting voltage for IEC 60044-1 class connecting the burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
PX (Ek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 81–82 overload indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
address running the test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
OMICRON address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
ALF, refer to accuracy limiting factor test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
ALFi, refer to accuracy limiting factor burden entry logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
ambient temperature (default setting) . . . . . . 48 Burden parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
ANSI burden test
assessed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
class definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 bushing-type CT
conditions for OK assessment . . . . . . . . 100 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
excitation test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
parameter definition syntax . . . . . . . . . . 211
application examples C
bar-type CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
burden test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
care and cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
bushing-type CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
cascading style sheet in CPC Explorer 140–141
delta winding transformer . . . . . . . . . . . 145
changing fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
freely accessible CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
class definition
gapped core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
according to IEC 60044-1 . . . . . . . . . . . 194
GIS (SF6) switch gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
according to IEC 60044-6 . . . . . . . . . . . 193
multicore CTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
according to IEEE C57.13 . . . . . . . . . . . 193
noise reduction techniques . . . . . . . . . . 158
Class multiplying factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
tapped CTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Class parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 97–99
unwound core, excitation curve . . . . . . . 156
cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
wye winding transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
climate conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
231
CT Analyzer
CT-Object card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 56

C (cont.) available soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
location and object settings . . . . . . . 57, 126
Comment card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 107 parameters and settings . . . . . . . . . 58, 126
Compact Flash card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 225 current ratio error ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99
technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 cutting a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Compact Flash card reader . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Company field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
composite error (εC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 97
computer requirements
for CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
D
for CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . 109 date/time (setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
connecting a CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 31 DC winding resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99
connecting burden for burden test . . . . . 25, 73 dead time between first opening and
connection clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 reclosure (tfr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 69
connection techniques (4 wire & 2 wire) . . . . 28 default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
contact information default test cards (setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
OMICRON address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 deleting a file or folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
continuous current rating factor . . . . . . . . . . 71 Delta compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
copying a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 delta winding transformer
Core field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
core voltage, calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
cos ϕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 dimensioning factor (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
cos ϕ parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 dimensioning factor (Kx)
Country field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
CPC Explorer dimensioning factor for IEC 60044-1
changing language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 class PX (Kx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 80, 97
stylesheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140–141 dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
toolbar buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 display contrast (setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 display overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
CPC Explorer software displaying a specific card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
creating a folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Δϕ parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99
CSS in CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140–141 duration of current flow (t1, t2) . . . . . . . . 67–68
CT Analyzer Firmware Update tool . . . . . . . 131 duty cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68
CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
start page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
CT test wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CTA QuickTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
CTA Remote Control software . . . . . . . . . . 136
CTA Remote Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . 123
CTA Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
CTA to NetSim Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
232
Index
File Handling (main menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

E available functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
file system
ε parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99 copying a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
e.m.f. rms voltage calculation . . . . . . . . . . . 178 creating a folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 cutting a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
εC, refer to composite error deleting a file or folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
editing a card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 loading a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Ek, refer to accuracy limiting voltage for navigating in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
IEC 60044-1 class PX pasting a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . 221 renaming a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
electronic manual (PDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 saving a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
e-mail firmware update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 131
OMICRON address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 formulas and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 freely accessible CT
ε-peak, refer to peak instantaneous error application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
equipotential bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
error and warning messages . . . . . . . . . . . 163 frequency (setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
εt, refer to turns ratio error FS, refer to instrument security factor
Excitation card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 35, 77 FSi, refer to instrument security factor
available soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 functional components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
K-value graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
overload indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
excitation characteristic
G
determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 gapped core
excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
available soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 88 generator output
loading reference graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
viewing measured values . . . . . . . . . 87, 89 GIS (SF6) switch gear
explorer, refer to CPC Explorer application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
export, CTA to NetSim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 glossary
extended current rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 symbols used in manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
grounding cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
grounding connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Guesser algorithm for burden
F flow chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Guesser function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
f (parameter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 flow chart (burden) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
factory calibration, reset to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Feeder field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
233
CT Analyzer
IEC 60044-6
H assessed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
class definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
hardware class TPS parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 class TPS results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Compact Flash card slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 class TPX parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 class TPX results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 class TPY parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 class TPY results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
I/0 key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 class TPZ parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 70–71
inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 class TPZ results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
mains connection unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 conditions for OK assessment . . . . . . . 100
on/off switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 excitation test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 parameter definition syntax . . . . . . 209–210
status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 IEC-ID field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 IEEE C57.13
help system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 assessed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 class definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
conditions for OK assessment . . . . . . . 100
excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
excitation test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
I parameter definition syntax . . . . . . . . . . 211
I/0 key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ikn, refer to knee point current
Ial, refer to accuracy limiting secondary I-meas parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
excitation current inputs
I-DC parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Ie, refer to accuracy limiting current for technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
IEC 60044-1 class PX installation
Ie1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
IEC 60044-1 CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
assessed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 instrument security factor
class definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 (FS, FSi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 80, 84, 97
class P parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
class PR parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 insulation coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
class PX parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 I-p parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
conditions for OK assessment . . . . . . . . 100 Ipn, refer to rated primary current
excitation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Isn, refer to rated secondary current
excitation test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Itest, refer to test current for ext. burden
parameter definition syntax . . . . . . . . . . 208
parameters for meas. CTs . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
234
Index
Manufact. field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
K max. allowed secondary excitation
current at E1 (Ie1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–98
K*Kssc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 maximum allowed excitation current . . . 81–82
K, refer to secondary loop time constant maximum allowed excitation current at E1 . . 66
knee point current (Ikn) . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 81, 83 measurement cable set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
knee point voltage (Vkn) . . . . . . . . . . 79, 81, 83 measurement inputs
knee point, calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Kr, refer to remanence factor . . . . . . . . . . . 190 technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Kssc, refer to rated symmetrical short-circuit minimum computer requirements
current factor for CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Ktd calculation (setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 for CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . 109
Ktd*Kssc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 misc. settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Ktd, refer to transient dimensioning factor multicore CTs
K-value graph graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Kx, refer to dimensioning factor for IEC 60044-1
class PX
N
L navigating in file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NetSim export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
language selection New CT test (main menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 noise reduction for measurement . . . . . . . . 158
CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 nominal burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CTA Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 non-saturated inductance (Lm) . . . . . 80, 82, 84
software tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
language update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 131
licenses update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Lm, refer to non-saturated inductance
loading a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Location field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
O
Ls, refer to saturated inductance Object field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
OMICRON News service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
on/off switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
M Optional field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
output
Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
File Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
New CT test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 overload indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 77
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 overview, hardware overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
mains fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
mains power supply, technical data . . . . . . 215
mains socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
235
CT Analyzer
t-al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 69
P tfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 69
T-meas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
P/M parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–66, 68, 70
parameter T-ref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
ALF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 68, 70
Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 73 VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 97–99 V-al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 98
Class mult. factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Vb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84
Cos ϕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 73 V-DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Delta compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 V-kn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 81, 83
Δϕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99 V-meas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68 Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99 parameter definition syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64–65, 81–82 pasting a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
εc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Ek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 81–82, 97 PDF manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 peak instantaneous error (ε-peak) . . . . . 83, 98
Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
FS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 permissible time to accuracy (tal) . . . . . . 67, 69
I-al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 98 phase accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
I-DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 phase deviation ε . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99
Ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 81–82, 97 phase error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ie1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 66, 81–82, 97–98 Phase field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
I-kn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 81, 83 Phase parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
I-meas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 phase table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
I-p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 accuracy of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
I-pn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 polarity
I-sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 ok / not ok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
I-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 75 power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 215
K*Kssc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 primary time constant (Tp) . . . . . 65–66, 68, 70
Kssc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–66, 68, 70, 82
Ktd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68, 70, 82
Ktd*Kssc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Kx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 80, 97
P/M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Q
Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 qualification of operating personnel . . . . . . . 11
Polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 QuickTest software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Rct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97–99
RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
R-meas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
R-ref . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
t1, t2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67–68
236
Index
Resistance card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 35, 75

R accuracy of winding resistance values . 216
test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
rated equivalent excitation limiting test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
secondary voltage (Val) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 98 resistance measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
rated knee point emf (Ek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 R-meas parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
rated primary current (Ipn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 R-ref parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
rated secondary current (Isn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 running the burden test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
rated secondary terminal voltage . . . . . . 70, 84
rated secondary terminal voltage acc. to
IEEE C57.13 (VB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
rated symmetrical short-circuit current
S
factor (Kssc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–66, 68, 70, 82 safety
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 changing fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ratio accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Ratio card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 35, 90 qualification of operating personnel . . . . 11
accuracy of phase table values . . . . . . . 217 safe operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
accuracy of ratio table values . . . . . . . . 217 safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
available soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 safety rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
phase table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 safety standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
ratio table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 sample software for CTA Remote Control . 136
settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 saturated inductance (Ls) . . . . . . . . . 80, 82, 84
test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
ratio correction factor saturation flux (Ψs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 saving a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ratio error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 scope of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 second. loop time constant (Ts)
ratio measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 68, 70, 81–82, 84, 97–99
Ratio parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
ratio table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Serial No field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
accuracy of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Settings (main menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
RCF available functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Rct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 97–99 using the soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
reference graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 software
remanence factor (Kr) . . . . . . 81–82, 84, 97–99 version of CPC Explorer software . . . 2, 138
calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 version of CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . 2, 112
remanent flux (Ψr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 version of CT Analyzer software . . . . . 2, 38
Remote Control software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 standard (default setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Remote Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Standard (parameter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
renaming a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 start page
reset to factory calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
starting a test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
237
CT Analyzer
test current for winding resistance (Itest) . . . 75

S test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 126
T-meas parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Station field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Tools (main menu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 available soft functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
stylesheet reset to factory calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
in CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140–141 update firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
symbols used in manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 update licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
system information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 update text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
system requirements Tp, refer to primary time constant
for CPC Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 transient dim. factor (Ktd) . . . . . . 66, 68, 70, 82
for CT Analyzer PC Toolset . . . . . . . . . . 109 determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
transport case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
T-ref parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
TS, refer to secondary loop time constant
T turns ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
t1, t2, refer to duration of current flow turns ratio error (εt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 97–98
tal, refer to permissible time to accuracy calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Tap field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Type field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
tapped CTs
application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
technical data
Compact Flash card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 U
electromagnetic compatibility . . . . . . . . . 221 Ual, refer to rated equivalent excitation limiting
environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 secondary voltage
inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 unwound core
insulation coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
mains power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 update firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 update licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
phase accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 update text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ratio accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 user interface
safety standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
weight and dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 language update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 131
winding resistance accuracy . . . . . . . . . 216 working with the UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 user-defined code in CTA Remote Excel File
temperature unit (selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
terminal adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 user-defined emf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 81–82
test cards
available cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
displaying a specific card . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
editing a card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
test cards (default setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
test current for ext. burden (Itest) . . . . . . . . . . 72
238
Index
V
VA parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Val, refer to rated equivalent excitation limiting
secondary voltage
VB, refer to rated secondary terminal voltage
acc. to IEEE C57.13
V-DC parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
version
CPC Explorer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
CT Analyzer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 38
hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Vkn, refer to knee point voltage
V-meas parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
W
warning messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
winding resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 97–99
winding resistance accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
wiring diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
wiring for burden test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
wiring for CT test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 wire connection technique . . . . . . . . . . 28
wye winding transformer
application example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Z
Z parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
239
CT Analyzer
240

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CT Analyzer

QUICK AND EASY TESTING OF

Article Number VESD0605 - Manual Version: CTAnalyzer.AE.6

Safety Instructions for CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

1 Designated Use and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

3 Connecting the CT Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

4 Running an Automatic Parameter Search and CT Test

5 User Interface and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

6 CT Analyzer PC Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

7 Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

8 Calibrating the CT Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

10.7 Calculation of Peak Instantaneous Error (ε^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

11 Parameter Definition Syntax for the Different Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

12 Care and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

13 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

14 Scope of Delivery and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

Contact Information / Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

) The CT Analyzer must be used in observance of all existing safety requirements

Electrical Danger - Caution

Safety Instructions for CT Analyzer

General Rules for Use

Orderly Practices and Procedures

Operator Qualifications and Primary

CAUTION: When working without a proper PE connection, lethal voltages

Note: Replace with identical fuse type only.

6 Safety Rules for Your Own Safety

1 Designated Use and Features

• For protection transformers: Automatic result assessment according to the

– ε^ (peak instantaneous error)

• Remote interface enabling the integration of the CT Analyzer into automatic

Keyboard Compact Flash

Sec, Prim I/0 key Mains connection unit

2.1.2 Mains Connection Unit and Grounding

Mains socket (IEC320)

Mains fuse: 2 x T6.3A / 250V,

Equipotential bonding connector

2.1.3 Compact Flash Card Slot

Compact Flash card

2.1.4 Inputs and Outputs

2.1.5 I/0 Key with Status LEDs

A scrollbar is displayed, if the content of a

2.2 Block Diagram (Simplified)

AD- Gain adjust

3 Connecting the CT Analyzer

• Connect the CT Analyzer’s equipotential terminal to protective earth (PE).

3.2 Basic Wiring for a CT Test

The side that is able

• Connect the CT Analyzer’s equipotential terminal to protective earth (PE).

3.3 4 Wire Measurement vs. 2 Wire Measurement

Voltage drop caused by contact

Voltage drop caused by contact

2 wire connection (do not use!):

4 Running an Automatic Parameter

For standard current transformers built according to IEC 60044-1 and

4.1 Connecting the CT

4.2 Preparing the Test

If the CT Analyzer is switched off:

4.3 Running the Test

Test step 1: CT resistance measurement

Test step 2: Determination of the excitation characteristic

Test step 3: Ratio measurement

Test step 4: After the test is finished

5 User Interface and Operation