New De-Oiling Hydrocyclone Outperforms

A new de-oiling hydrocyclone from VWS provides "class leading" capacity, efficiency and
longevity

 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies has recently launched the STREAMLINER™
range of de-oiling hydrocyclones
 Compact, Rapid Treatment
 Overview
 High Centrifugal Forces
 Unique Design Features

Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies has recently

launched the STREAMLINER™ range of de-oiling
hydrocyclones

Building upon many years of oil & gas industry experience, Veolia Water Solutions &
Technologies has developed the new STREAMLINER™ range of de-oiling hydrocyclones.

This new design incorporates unique features, compared to other hydrocyclones, that provide for
improved reliability, performance and efficiency together with simplified operation and
maintenance.

De-oiling hydrocyclones separate free oil from produced water prior to discharge or
injection.They are one of the most common processes in a produced water treatment system.
Usually situated after the primary separators, de-oiling hydrocyclones are typically one of the
first stages in the produced water treatment process.

Compact, Rapid Treatment

De-oiling hydrocyclones provide compact and rapid treatment with a retention time of just a few
seconds. Energy to drive the process usually comes from pressure in the primary separation
stage. Separation in this short time is achieved by the high centrifugal forces produced by the
vortex within the hydrocyclone liner acting upon the difference between the density of oil and
that of water/solids.

"Many years of produced water system design, build and service experience have enabled us to
identify and improve the key factors behind de-oiling hydrocyclone performance," says Graeme
Orr, Sales Manager for Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies. "This knowledge has been
applied to the STREAMLINER design, resulting in class leading capacity, efficiency and
longevity."

Overview

With an inlet free oil content of up to 1000mg/L, a typical outlet concentration of 40-60mg/L can
be expected

Produced water is introduced under pressure into the hydrocyclone vessel and makes its way to
the inlet ports positioned on the larger diameter end of each liner. The multiple inlet ports of the
STREAMLINER reduce turbulence and improve wear resistance.

"Unlike most other designs on the market which have inlets tangential to the wall of the liner, the
STREAMLINER has an axially positioned swirl inducer to make the fluid rotate just after
entering the liner body," Orr says.

"This axial design has the benefit of reducing turbulence at the inlet and therefore reduces the
tendency to shear oil droplets, making them harder to remove. This feature also allows for a
smaller diameter liner body for a given flow rate, offering the benefit of a smaller pressure
vessel."

High Centrifugal Forces

The conical shape of the hydrocyclone liner causes an increase in rotation speed as the diameter
narrows, resulting in the development of high centrifugal forces and therefore the separation of
the lighter oil and gas from the more dense water and solids. The dense water and solids move in
a vortex towards the outlet of the liner, whereas the lighter oil and gas will move in a secondary
vortex along the axis of the liner in the opposite direction, back towards the vortex finder
positioned in the center of the axial swirl inducer.

Unique Design Features

"Our understanding of the operation and maintenance issues behind hydrocyclone technology
has led to the inclusion of unique design features which make the STREAMLINER easy to clean
and refurbish, rather than buy an expensive replacement, which is common practice with others
in the market," Orr says.

Benefits of the STREAMLINER De-oiling Hydrocyclone include: annular axial inlets reduce
turbulence; multiple inlets improve wear resistance; swirl inducer can be inspected without liner
disassembly; retractable swirl inducer allows for internal liner inspection and easier jet cleaning;
and liners can be retrofitted into existing installations.
OVERVIEW
ETS Deoiling Hydro-Cyclones balance oil removal efficiency and overall capacity to ensure that
separation requirements are met in the most cost effective and space saving way. The liners have
been designed so that the Hydro-Cyclone is ultra-slim with a high number of liners to
accomodate a given vessel size.

LINEAR DESIGN – DEOILING

Our Deoiling Hydrocyclone liners are most commonly manufactured in Duplex Stainless Steel
with surface hardening on the internal surfaces exposed to high fluid velocities to ensure long
life in erosive systems. For extreme erosive applications, ETS offers liners manufactured from
Stellite 6, Tungsten Carbide or Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide, an advanced ceramic which
will provide a wear life of up to 10 times that of a standard Duplex liner.
 CAPABILITIES

 New-Build and Retro-fit Systems which can range from fully automated packaged systems with
and without produced water de-gassing vessels and IGF systems to stand alone vessels or simply
the Hydrocyclone liners and internal support plates. Standard pressure vessel designs are
available at design pressures up to 1500# ANSI equivalent. Higher pressures are feasible on
request.
 Spare Liners. The ETS range of liners can be adapted to fit into most third party vessels without
the requirement for any modification to the existing vessel.
 Capacity and Efficiency Upgrades. Existing vessel capacity can be increased by up to 80% while
improving separation performance by up to 30%. This can be done without the addition of extra
Hydrocyclone vessels or modification to existing pipework. The ETS B-20 liner can be adapted to
retro-fit all existing types of Hydrocyclone vessels.
 Rental Systems. We have a range of packaged pilot systems for rental up to a capacity of 25,000
BPD (165 m3/h).

HIGH TURNDOWN VESSEL DESIGN

For applications requiring very high turndown, ETS offers its HTD compartmentalised
vessel approach. Internal baffles are used to divide the vessel into either two or three
compartments. Each compartment can be switched in or out of service using external valving,
effectively providing a number of smaller vessels within a single vessel housing. This operation
can be automated. The ETS HTD design has considerable benefits over traditional methods to
increase turndown as it removes the need for either blanking liners or multiple vessels. In a
typical installation, the ETS HTD design can increase turndown from 3:1 to 10:1 for a two
compartment and over 50:1 for a three compartment HTD vessel.
LINEAR DESIGN – DESANDING

The MC Series Desanding hydrocyclone geometries have been developed in house, undergoing
rigorous testing both in the lab and in the field and are now widely used globally. Desanding
Hydrocyclone separation efficiency and capacity is a strong function of hydrocyclone diameter.
The smaller the diameter, the smaller the particles that can be separated but the lower the
capacity of each hydrocyclone. ETS offers four sizes within the MC Series range to ensure that
an optimised solution can be offered for the diverse range of solids management
applications encountered.

In the MC Series configuration, large numbers of small diameter Desanding Hydrocyclones are
installed in a single vessel to achieve high sand removal efficiencies at high flowrates. In all
cases, the liner packing is highly efficient which allows ETS to offer highly compact vessel
designs. ETS manufactures the MC series hydrocyclone liners from engineering grade alumina
ceramics as standard but for highly erosive applications, Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide, an
extremely hard wearing advanced ceramic, is used, providing typically 6 times the wear life of
an alumina ceramic equivalent.

Hydrocyclone based process systems are the most cost-effective solution for produced water
treatment clean up. Located directly downstream on the water outlet of the production separator
and upstream of the water level control valve, these systems operate in a proportional “pressure
ratio” control manner.

eProcess Deoiler hydrocyclones are pressure drop dependent, where fluids are directed into the
deoiler tube causing the fluids to spin under a centrifugal force. These strong forces cause the
two immiscible liquids (oil and water) to separate. The heavier water phase is forced outward
toward the cyclone wall and the lighter oil phase migrates toward the center core.

By accurately controlling the pressure differential across the hydrocyclone the water phase is
sent in one direction to the underflow, and the oil phase is sent in the opposite direction to the
overflow. The process results in a simple and effective separator with a 2-3 second retention
time and no moving parts.
Applications:

 Pre-separator and Dehydrator capabilities

 Produced Water Cleanup
 Free Water Knockout
 Downhole Water Reinjection

Benefits:

 No moving parts
 Compact – 10% the size and weight of conventional systems
 Performance unaffected to external motion
 Most efficient and cost effective solution to water treatment problems
Operations:

 Deoilers typically separate more than 99% by volume of the lighter oil phase with
particle >10 microns
 Produced water streams typically contain 1000-5000 ppm oil. At these concentrations a
hydrocyclone based system will clean water to the range of 10-40 ppm.
 Individual hydrocyclone capacities are dependent on the available pressure and the type
of cyclone used. Smaller high efficiency cyclones range from 80-500 BWPD per tube,
while larger capacity cyclones range from 450-3000 BWPD per tube.
 Innovative pressure vessel packaging ensures any customer turndown requirement can be
met, on-line, without downtime

Degasser/IGF Systems:

 The most effective performance solution to tough water treatment problems is a

Deoiler/Degasser-IGF process system
 A Degasser-IGF will remove flashed gas, especially in high pressure systems, and utilize
this gas to provide additional water polishing leading to a further 60 – 80% reduction in
oil in water content
 The footprint of the Deoiler and Degasser-IGF system is typically 15% of the size and
weight of conventional Free Water Knock-Out Drums, CPI’s, or Flotation units
Enerscope Deoiling Hydrocyclones

As a world leader in meeting your produced water

treatment needs, Enerscope offers a complete line of filtration & separation equipment. Our
liquid/liquid hydrocyclone is the most advanced, yet least complicated deoiling hydrocyclone
available.

Advanced Separation Technology

As a leading systems integrator Enerscope Systems Inc. utilizes the most current field-proven
technology within our packages to ensure we provide cost effective and efficient solutions for all
process conditions. To enable us to do this for our Produced Water Treatment Packages we are
pleased to offer our most advanced liquid/liquid hydrocyclone.

Enerscope EDH 38 Deoiling Hydrocyclone liners represents the state of the art in primary
Produced Water Treatment technology; an advanced generation hydrocyclone geometry
optimizing the critical balance between oil removal efficiency and capacity. This ensures that
optimal separation is achieved in the most cost effective and space efficient manner.

Using advanced engineering design tools, Enerscope has developed the latest generation deoiling
hydrocyclone, the Enerscope EDH. The Enerscope EDH has a unique patented inlet geometry
that minimizes turbulence and reduces inlet wear. The innovative liner geometry produces finer
hydrocarbon separation at higher unit capacities, allowing fewer cyclone liners to be used for
optimal performance and cost.

The EDH 38 liner has undergone extensive independent trials and has proved to be one of the
most efficient liquid/liquid hydrocyclones available to the Oil & Gas Industry. The Enerscope
EDH is used to treat produced water streams with higher rates of entrained oil than previously
possible, while meeting stringent discharge water oil content.
Principle of Operation

Fluid enters our deoiling hydrocyclone through the involute inlet. Its velocity is converted into
tangential velocity in the inlet area, thereby creating a centrifugal action. As the fluid moves
down the conical section, tangential velocity progressively increases.

The water phase, which is subjected to higher centrifugal forces, moves to the outer wall of the
cyclone. The lighter phase (oil droplets), are move toward the inner core of the cyclone. The
water phase exits the deoiling hydrocyclone as underflow.

The core of the light phase, which is oil, moves axially up the cyclone, due to back pressure on
the underflow, and exits out the reject orifice as overflow.

The EDH 38 liner:

 maximizes the acceleration field created by the axially rotating flow

 minimizes the radial distance that an oil droplet must travel to reach the axial oil core
 maximizes the residence time that the oil drop has to reach the axial oil core

Features and Benefits:

Multiple inlets. The patented design features multiple inlet ports, radially balanced around the
circumference of the unit. This provides superior hydraulic stability that produces a straight oil
core that is stable even at very low flow rates. This enables the hydrocyclone to achieve higher
removal efficiencies that can reduce or eliminate the need for emulsion breaking chemicals as
well as allows our hydrocyclone to operate at higher turndown ratios.

Adjustable overflow orifice. The diameter of the overflow orifice is automatically adjustable
during operation. This dramatically increases efficiency and compensates for varying oil
volumes.
Heating capability. A jacket permits circulation of hot fluids or steam around the unit to reduce
viscosity thereby enhancing separation performance.

High Efficiency Liquid/Liquid Hydrocyclone

Solids removal option. Solids separation option allows our deoiling hydrocyclone to separate
and removes solids in slurry form.

Options & Retrofits

High Turndown Vessel Design & Options
For applications requiring high turndown, Enerscope offers its high turndown design
compartmentalized vessel. Internal baffles are used to divide the vessel into either two or more
separate compartments. Each compartment can
be switched in or out of service using external valving to suit your process conditions. This
operation can be manual or fully automated. The Enerscope high turndown design has
considerable benefits over traditional methods
to increase turndown as it eliminates the need for either blanking liners or using multiple vessels.

Pumped Deoiling Hydrocyclone Option

When the existing process pressure is too low, a low shear closed impeller booster pump is
included to increase inlet pressure. Our pump ensures minimal shearing of oil droplets and our
piping design optimizes system operation.

EDH Series Retrofits

The capacity of your existing hydrocyclone system can be increased while improving separation
performance by implementing Enerscope EDH 38 Series Deoiling Hydrocyclone liners. This can
be accomplished without the
addition of extra hydrocyclone vessels in nearly all cases. The Enerscope EDH 38 Series liner
can be adapted to retrofit your existing third party hydrocyclone vessel.

Key Features

 Stable oil core provides higher separation performance

 No moving parts – saves maintenance time and cost
 Low and steady pressure loss saves energy and provides predictable flow rates and
operating system
 Designed to handle slugging, upset situation and high solids loading provides predictable
operating system
Enhanced inlet ports for optimum oil recovery
  Choice of profiles to accommodate space and piping limitation making for an easy layout
and installation
Systems and skidded units available
 Light weight and small footprint
 Not affected by fluctuations in motion (suitable for FPSOs)
Annular axial inlets reduce turbulence
 Multiple inlets improve wear resistance
 Multiple inlets provide a stable oil core and improved recovery
Involute can be inspected without liner disassembly
Low CAPEX and OPEX
 Tested and Field-proven technology

General Specifications

 Standard pressure ratings up to 1,480 psi (102 bar), other pressure ratings available
 ANSI flanged inlet and outlet connections; DIN and other connections available<
 Designed and constructed to all recognized standard (ASME, ANSI, CRN, PED and
NACE among others)
 Liner Material: Duplex 2205 Stainless Steel, other materials available
 Produced Water Treatment Systems

Enerscope’s EDH Series Deoiling Hydrocyclone systems form an integral part of our Produced
Water Treatment
capability. These systems can range from fully automated packaged systems to stand alone
vessels. The integration
of complete systems to treat produced water from oil and gas processing is an important element
of our business.
Enerscope Systems have designed and built packages to meet the most stringent discharge limits.
The designs can
include one or more stages to treat high inlet levels of hydrocarbon-in-water.
MASALAH LINGKUNGAN DAN SOLUSI DI PETROLEUM EKSPLORASI, PRODUKSI, DAN PENGEMBALIAN

Pemisahan fase terdispersi cahaya (minyak) dari fase kontinyu yang berat(air) dalam hidrosiklon terjadi
sebagai hasil dari medan gaya sentrifugal besar yang disebabkan oleh aliran berputar-putar. Dalam
aliran balik hidrosiklon, minyak dan air dihilangkan di ujung yang berlawanan. Karena tetesan minyak
dari ukuran P bergerak secara radial ke arah sumbu, maka fase kontinu bergerak secara aksial menuju
arus bawah. Lokasi aksial spesifik di mana tetesan minyak memotong inti aliran balik tergantung pada
ukuran dan jarak radial di mana ia memulai lintasannya.

Waktu tinggal rata-rata memberikan perkiraan, meskipun perkiraan, tentang waktu tersedia untuk
tetesan minyak untuk bermigrasi ke vortex aliran balik dan, dengan demikian, menjadi dihapus dengan
aliran luapan. Waktu migrasi tetesan minyak ke garis tengah bidang aliran dapat diperkirakan dengan
menghitung lintasan partikel diatur oleh keseimbangan kekuatan negara yang stabil (10). Untuk ukuran
partikel kecil yang Hukum Stokes berlaku, parameter pengontrol untuk pemisahan adalah waktu
relaksasi yang diberikan oleh :

Dalam persamaan (l), 4 menunjukkan diameter partikel; pc, viskositas kontinyu tahap; dan, pc - pD,
kerapatan difensi antara fase kontinyu dan cahaya fase terdispersi. Untuk air yang diproduksi, T, (P)
dapat berkisar dari lo- 'hingga lo4 detik .. Jika L, mewakili panjang pusaran inti aliran balik dalam
hidrosiklon dengan mayor radius &, kemudian lintasan partikel kritis untuk partikel ,,, diameter akan
memiliki coorhtes awal dan koordinat akhir dari &, 0) dan (0, L,), masing-masing. Karena lintasan partikel
untuk partikel ukuran yang sama tidak menyeberang, semua partikel memiliki diameter sama dengan PI,
akan dipulihkan dalam aliran melimpah terlepas dari mereka koordinat awal.

Analisis dimensi mengantisipasi hubungan antara waktu relaksasi untuk e ,, - diameter partikel, ~, (100),
jarak migrasi radial untuk kritis lintasan, RH, jarak migrasi aksial untuk lintasan kritis, L ,, dan a skala
kecepatan karakteristik, k. Jika uc diidentifikasi sebagai kecepatan tangensial dekat (RH, 0), kemudian uc
= aFuF. UF adalah kecepatan rata-rata tertinggi dari umpan dan aF (0,5 I aF s 1) adalah koefisien empiris
yang tergantung pada desain entri umpan dan pada nomor Reynolds inlet (5)

Untuk aF = 1, angka karakteristik Stokes 'dapat didefinisikan sebagai rasio radial kecepatan drift
mendekati (h, 0) ke tangensial velocity near (RH, 0)

T, (Q adalah waktu relaksasi untuk ukuran diameter P, Stk (Q tergantung pada rasio geometrik yang
terkait dengan desain tertentu, bilangan Reynolds karakteristik, dan rasio aliran influen dan efluen.
Untuk CT-hydrocyclone, Stk (P ,,) pada umumnya nilai Re, (> 150.000) mendekati nilai asimtotik 3 x 1 04,
yang mendekati to Stk (P ,,) untuk siklon Rietema yang optimal untuk pemisahan padat / cair (1 1).
Jika terjadi drop break, ukuran Qso yang diukur akan dipisahkan meningkat karena partikel rata-rata Si
dalam umpan meningkat. Ukuran potongan dapat diperkirakan eksperimental dengan mengukur
distribusi ukuran partikel (fF (Q) dan G (P)) dan konsentrasi (G dan CJ aliran umpan dan aliran bawah dari
siklon. Dengan informasi ini, koefisien kemurnian aliran bawah E, dan aliran melimpah koefisien
kemurnian G, (Q) dapat dihitung sebagai berikut :

GJP) tergantung pada desain hidrosiklon, parameter aliran, dan dispersi properti. Ini mengukur
kemampuan pemisah untuk mencegah partikel ukuran tertentu fiom muncul di arus bawah. G &)
ditentukan dari eksperimen data dengan numerik membedakan fhctions distribusi kumulatif dan
menggunakan definisi G, yang diberikan oleh Persamaan. (5). Data eksperimen untuk G, dapat diwakili
analitik dengan menggunakan persamaan empiris berikut (1 1, 12)

Konstanta tiga berdimensi a, b, dan c dapat ditentukan dari data eksperimen menggunakan tiga ukuran
potongan: G, (Q ,,) = 0,35, G, (O ,,) = 0,50. dan G, (P,) = 0,75.

DESIGN DAN OPERATION

Gambar 1 menunjukkan bentuk CT-hydrocvclone komersial yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian
ini melaporkannya sesudahnya. Diameter utama DH adalah 70 mm. Transisi antara kerucut atas dan
kerucut lebih rendah terjadi pada D / DH = 0,50; secara keseluruhan transisi antara bagian silinder atas
dan tabung underflow memiliki perkiraan rasio kontraksi DJDH = 0,25. Volume hidrosiklon adalah sekitar
3 D:. Oleh karena itu, untuk DH = 70 mm dan QF = 100 lpm, mean waktu tinggal sekitar 0,6 detik.

Untuk pemisahan cairan / cair, Bradley (5) merekomendasikan yang setara diameter pakan harus antara
0,20 D, dan 0,33 DH. Yang optimal hidrosiklon yang dikembangkan oleh Rietema (4) untuk pemisahan
solidfliquid menentukan DF = 0,28 ,. CT-hydrocyclone dan mitra komersialnya ditunjukkan pada Gambar
1 set DF / DH - 0,25. Jadi, bagian atas modul CT-shape dan juga area spdcation rasio untuk saluran
umpan sesuai dengan praktek hidrosiklon tradisional untuk pemisahan solidliquid. Bagian lancip yang
panjang diikuti oleh knalpot silindris diperlukan untuk menyediakan waktu tinggal yang cukup untuk fase
cahaya yang terdispersi vortex aliran balik.

Untuk suspensi encer (<lo00 ppm), laju overflow harus kecil fraksi dari laju umpan. Namun, karena rasio
limpahan QdQF menurun di bawah ini nilai kritis pada laju umpan tetap dan ukuran onfice fixedflow,
kemurnian aliran bawah akan menurun tajam. Colman (7) menghubungkan fenomena ini dengan
ketidakstabilan di vortex aliran balik saat mendekati orifice ovefflow. Dvorak (10) mencatat bahwa
penurunan kemurnian aliran bawah dikaitkan dengan pembalikan aliran tiba-tiba dari vortex core
menuju puncak. Jadi, rasio luapan kritis (QdQF) ,, yang tergantung pada D @ H, merupakan karakteristik
operasi yang penting untuk mengurangi hidrosiklon.
EPROCESS

Sistem proses berbasis hidrosiklon adalah solusi yang paling hemat biaya untuk pembersihan
pengolahan air yang dihasilkan. Terletak tepat di hilir pada outlet air dari pemisah produksi dan hulu dari
katup kontrol ketinggian air, sistem ini beroperasi dengan cara kontrol rasio “rasio tekanan”
proporsional.

Proses hidrosiklon Deoiler bergantung pada tekanan, di mana cairan diarahkan ke tabung deoiler yang
menyebabkan cairan berputar di bawah gaya sentrifugal. Kekuatan yang kuat ini menyebabkan dua
cairan yang tidak dapat bercampur (minyak dan air) terpisah. Fase air yang lebih berat dipaksa keluar
menuju dinding siklon dan fase oli yang lebih ringan bermigrasi ke pusat inti.

Dengan secara akurat mengendalikan perbedaan tekanan melintasi hidrosiklon, fasa air dikirim ke satu
arah ke arah aliran bawah, dan fasa minyak dikirim ke arah yang berlawanan dengan limpahan. Proses
ini menghasilkan pemisah yang sederhana dan efektif dengan waktu retensi 2-3 detik dan tidak ada
bagian yang bergerak.

Aplikasi:
Kemampuan pra-pemisah dan Dehidrator
Pembersihan Air yang Diproduksi
Knockout Air Gratis
Reinjeksi Air Bawah Tanah

Manfaat:
Tidak ada bagian yang bergerak
Ringkas - 10% ukuran dan berat sistem konvensional
Kinerja tidak terpengaruh oleh gerakan eksternal
Solusi paling efektif dan hemat biaya untuk masalah perawatan air

Operasi:
Deoilers biasanya memisahkan lebih dari 99% volume minyak ringan dengan partikel> 10 mikron
Aliran air yang dihasilkan biasanya mengandung 1000-5000 ppm minyak. Pada konsentrasi ini, sistem
berbasis hidrosiklon akan membersihkan air hingga kisaran 10-40 ppm.
Kapasitas hidrosiklon individu tergantung pada tekanan yang tersedia dan jenis siklon yang digunakan.
Siklus efisiensi tinggi yang lebih kecil berkisar antara 80-500 BWPD per tabung, sementara siklon
kapasitas yang lebih besar berkisar 450-3000 BWPD per tabung.
Kemasan bejana tekan yang inovatif memastikan setiap persyaratan penurunan pelanggan dapat
dipenuhi, on-line, tanpa downtime
Sistem Degasser / IGF:
Solusi kinerja yang paling efektif untuk masalah perawatan air yang sulit adalah sistem proses Deoiler /
Degasser-IGF
A Degasser-IGF akan menghapus gas yang dilepaskan, terutama dalam sistem tekanan tinggi, dan
menggunakan gas ini untuk memberikan tambahan pemolesan air yang mengarah ke pengurangan lebih
lanjut 60 - 80% dalam minyak dalam kandungan air.
Jejak sistem Deoiler dan Degasser-IGF biasanya 15% dari ukuran dan berat Drum Knock-Out Air Biasa
konvensional, CPI, atau unit Flotasi

Hydrocyclones Deoiling (PROCESS GRUP)

Cyclonixx® berbagai Grup Proses dari Deoiler Cyclones digunakan untuk memulihkan
hidrokarbon cair dari aliran air berminyak. Siklon ini sebagian besar dipasang di bejana tekan
dalam kelompok, dengan yang diperlukan nomor (1-400) dari Cyclones Liners untuk
mencocokkan laju aliran air.

Cyclone Liners dibuat dalam berbagai ukuran, (diameter 30-70 mm) dan dibangun dari Duplex
Stainless Steel, dengan material lain pilihan tersedia berdasarkan permintaan.

Foto di kanan menunjukkan bagaimana Deoiler Cyclone Liners dipasang ke dalam kapal dengan
tangan. Liners dapat dihapus untuk diperiksa, atau diganti dengan Liner Blanks dengan
menggunakan alat-alat tangan sederhana.

Liner Blanks digunakan di mana tingkat air bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu, dan jumlah Deoiler
Cyclone Liners perlu divariasikan.

Selain itu, kapal dapat dibangun dengan partisi internal atau zona ke memungkinkan berbagai
laju aliran untuk ditangani.

PRINSIP OPERASI
Deoiler cyclones didorong oleh tekanan air masuk dan memanfaatkan penurunan tekanan
melintasi Siklon untuk menyediakan energi atau mengemudi memaksa untuk menyebabkan
pemisahan minyak-air.

Biasanya, tekanan sistem digunakan untuk memberikan tekanan mengemudi, tetapi jika terlalu
rendah (<75 psig / 5 Barg), pompa dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan tekanan umpan.
Biasanya, pompa sentrifugal satu tahap digunakan, di mana tekanannya terlalu rendah.
Setiap Cyclonixx® Deoiler Cyclone Liner termasuk tangensial Bagian Inlet tempat air masuk,
dan dipaksa berputar cepat, menghasilkan gaya sentrifugal yang tinggi. Kekuatan-kekuatan ini,
dikombinasikan dengan bentuk tapering dari profil internal, mempercepat pemintalan. Ini
secara efektif memaksa air jauh dari poros pusat ke dinding luar, dan memaksa minyak
kepadatan rendah ke inti pusat yang terbentuk di sepanjang sumbu dari Siklon Deoiler.

Air spiral menuruni bagian Cyclone yang meruncing dan keluar melalui nozel Outlet Air bersih.
Minyak sentral inti dipaksa ke arah sebaliknya dengan tekanan balik Outlet Air, dan keluar
melalui lubang kecil sebagai Minyak Tolak Outlet. Aliran aliran Minyak Tolak sebagian besar
dikontrol oleh ukuran lubang ini, tetapi juga dapat diatur oleh saluran keluar katup kontrol, dan
biasanya diatur untuk memungkinkan aliran pada 2-4% dari aliran inlet.

Gaya gravitasi yang dihasilkan dalam setiap Cyclonixx Deoiler Cyclone Liner sangat tinggi, dan
karenanya ini Deoiler Cyclones dapat dipasang secara vertikal, horizontal atau pada struktur
yang bergerak (misalnya: FPSO's).

TEKNIKAL
Ada beberapa faktor penting yang terlibat dalam proses ini desain dan pemilihan jenis Liner
Deoiler Cyclone, dan ini adalah:
• Tekanan / Penurunan Tekanan yang tersedia,
• Ukuran & distribusi tetesan minyak,
• Viskositas / Suhu Cair,
• Diameter siklon,
• Pemulihan Minyak yang Diperlukan

Tekanan Sistem
Jika ada tekanan sistem yang memadai tersedia (> 75 psig), ini digunakan untuk menggerakkan
Deoiler Cyclones untuk memaksimalkan pemulihan minyak dan throughput. Situs yang disukai
untuk menemukan Siklon di a proses berada di saluran keluar air dari Pemisah atau Air
Knock-out Vessel, hulu dari Level Control Valves. Ini umumnya menyediakan kapasitas Cyclone
Deoiler tertinggi dengan gesekan droplet minyak minimal.

Sistem yang Dipompa

Jika tekanan sistem yang tersedia terlalu rendah (biasanya <75 psig), pompa perlu dipasang
untuk menaikkan saluran masuk tekanan ke Deoiler Cyclone. Ketika pompa dipasang, jenis dan
ukuran pompa perlu harus hati-hati dipilih untuk meminimalkan geser tetesan minyak.
Namun, Grup Proses memiliki pengalaman bertahun-tahun di mendesain pompa-makan Deoiler
Cyclones, dan dapat dengan mudah memberikan solusi sambil memenuhi target debit.
Manfaat sistem pompa-makan adalah turn-down yang sangat tinggi tarif dapat dicapai, karena
air didaur ulang untuk mempertahankan pompa mengalir. Ini memastikan bahwa penghilangan
minyak tinggi dipertahankan terlepas dari throughput air.

Ukuran Tetesan Minyak / Distribusi

Kisaran ukuran tetesan minyak memiliki dampak besar pada Deoiler Kinerja siklon, dan penting
untuk mempertahankannya sesedikit mungkin geser tetesan minyak mungkin sebelum Siklon.

Deoiler Unit Sizing

Grup Proses memproduksi sejumlah Deoiler Cyclone jenis sebagai Suku Cadang untuk sebagian
besar merek Deoiler Siklon.