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Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

In
some cases, the heart can't fill with enough blood. In other cases, the heart can't pump blood to the
rest of the body with enough force. Some people have both problems.

The term "heart failure" doesn't mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop working.
However, heart failure is a serious condition that requires medical care.

Heart failure develops over time as the heart's pumping action grows weaker. The condition can affect
the right side of the heart only, or it can affect both sides of the heart. Most cases involve both sides
of the heart.

Right-side heart failure occurs if the heart can't pump enough blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Left-side heart failure occurs if the heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

Right-side heart failure may cause fluid to build up in the feet, ankles, legs, liver, abdomen, and the
veins in the neck. Right-side and left-side heart failure also may cause shortness of breath and fatigue
(tiredness).

The leading causes of heart failure are diseases that damage the heart. Examples include coronary
heart disease (CHD), high blood pressure, and diabetes.

 Congestive heart failure.


 Left-side heart failure. This is when the heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body.
 Right-side heart failure. This is when the heart can't fill with enough blood.
 Cor pulmonale. This term refers to right-side heart failure caused by high blood pressure in the
pulmonary arteries and right ventricle (lower right heart chamber).

Conditions that damage or overwork the heart muscle can cause heart failure. Over time, the heart
weakens. It isn’t able to fill with and/or pump blood as well as it should. As the heart weakens, certain
proteins and substances might be released into the blood. These substances have a toxic effect on the
heart and blood flow, and they worsen heart failure.

Causes of heart failure include:

 Coronary heart disease


 Diabetes
 High blood pressure
 Other heart conditions or diseases
 Other factors

Risk factors

About 5.7 million people in the United States have heart failure. The number of people who have this
condition is growing.

Heart failure is more common in:


 People who are age 65 or older. Aging can weaken the heart muscle. Older people also may have had
diseases for many years that led to heart failure. Heart failure is a leading cause of hospital stays
among people on Medicare.
 Blacks are more likely to have heart failure than people of other races. They’re also more likely to have
symptoms at a younger age, have more hospital visits due to heart failure, and die from heart failure.
 People who are overweight. Excess weight puts strain on the heart. Being overweight also increases
your risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. These diseases can lead to heart failure.
 People who have had a heart attack. Damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack and can weaken
the heart muscle.

Children who have congenital heart defects also can develop heart failure. These defects occur if the
heart, heart valves, or blood vessels near the heart don’t form correctly while a baby is in the womb.
Congenital heart defects can make the heart work harder. This weakens the heart muscle, which can
lead to heart failure. Children don’t have the same symptoms of heart failure or get the same
treatments as adults. This Health Topic focuses on heart failure in adults.

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