Tower Project

Hilary Adeleke & Eva Yu

GAT 9C
Mr. Acre
1 June 2017
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Introduction:

Being a multimillionaire can be boring at times when you have nothing to do with your

money. One day, Mrs. Copeland decided to ask the freshman class to design a tower for her.

Why you may ask? We have no idea. It was assumed that she ran out of ideas to spend her

money on so she decided to assign every group a random number of sides and plot size. We

ended up getting 18-side polygon on a 25 x 25 plot size. Mrs. Copeland specifically wanted the

polygonal floor to be maximized while still having the 3 feet boundary line and certain other

requirements such as an aquarium with required depths, thickness, and a specific amount of

water, and some heights had to be based off other lengths.

She sought for a home that was near the ocean. ​Moana​ had become her favorite movie so

a beach-like theme would be a necessity. If Moana ever came to visit, this tower would be a

welcoming place just for her and friends. There is sand where Hei Hei can sneak up on Maui and

peck him while Pua enjoys the little mud area. So, it is our job to ensure that Moana has a nice

tower that Ms. Copeland would approve of, and to ensure that this tower is nice certain volumes,

areas, other measurements, etc. will be found throughout this paper before this tower can be

constructed.
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Part 2:

Figure 1. Base of Tower

In Figure 1, the maximized plot size and the base of tower is displayed. The base of tower

was made using 4 different polygons, each scaled in by a foot. In the upcoming figures, the

method to maximize the plot size and area of each polygon will be found. The blue represents

Polygon 1, the purple represents Polygon 2, the pink represents Polygon 3, and the

cream-colored polygon in the center represents Polygon 4.

Maximized Plot = (PS – 6) x (PS – 6) Maximizing Plot Formula

(25 – 6) x (25 – 6) Substitution Property

19 x 19 feet Subtraction Property

Figure 2. Method of Maximizing Plot Size

Figure 2, above, shows how plot size of the tower was maximized. As mentioned before,

the tower cannot be constructed within 3 feet of the plot dimensions (25 by 25). Because of this

reason 3 feet was subtracted from each side, turning it into 6 feet lost total making the
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maximized plot size dimensions 19 feet x 19 feet.

Central Angle = 360 ÷ n Central Angle Formula

Central Angle = 360 ÷ 18 Substitution Property

Central Angle = 20° Division Property

Figure 3. Central Angle

The figure above displays how the central angle of the four polygons are found. They all

share the central angle and the central angle is needed to find the area of each polygon. The

central angle was found by dividing 360° by the number of sides each polygon has (18). The

central angle of each polygon is 20°.

Figure 4. Polygon 1

In Figure 4, Polygon 1 and the triangle that will be used to find its area is displayed. The

length of the height of one triangle and the base length of the same triangle need to be found to
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find the area. The only information that is known about this polygon is the side length of one of

the triangles and the central angle. The side length of one of the triangles is known because it

goes from the midpoint of one side to the center of the maximized plot side. In other words, it is

half of the width of the maximized plot size (19 by 19) making its length 9.5 feet.

A right triangle is also shown with the angles of 90° and 10° and a hypotenuse of 9.5 feet.

This right triangle is the original triangle that will be used to find the area of the polygon, but

split in half with a perpendicular bisector coming from the top point to the base of the triangle.

Therefore, the central angle is split in half, the side length of the original triangle is still the same

length and becomes the right triangle’s hypotenuse.

The base and height of this right triangle will be found, so it can be possible to solve for

the area of the polygon. Since this is a right triangle and another angle except for the right angle

is found and the hypotenuse is found, the trig. function sine (sin) will be used to find the base

because it is opposite of the 10° angle and sine (sin) involves the side length opposite angle A in

the Figure 6, below.

opposite side length of theta

Sine (theta) =​ hypotenuse Sine Formula
o Substitution Property
Sine (10) = 9.5

Sine (10) • 9.5 = o (½ base of orig. triangle) Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)
Sine (10) • 9.5 • 2 ft. = 2o (base of orig.
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)

Figure 6. Base of Triangle in Poly. 1

In Figure 6, the base of the original triangle was found. It was found by using the sine

formula and using few mathematical properties to get the final answer. The reason why the 4​th

step shows the formula multiplied by 2 is because the original value of “o” (opposite side of
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theta / angle A) is half of the original triangle’s base since the right triangle is the original

triangle cut in half, so each side is multiplied by 2 to get the full base of the original triangle. The

base is equal to sine (10) • 9.5 feet • 2 feet.

The trig. function cosine (cos) will be used to solve for the height of the triangle, in

Figure 7, since the hypotenuse, the degree of angle A is known, and the height is the adjacent

side of angle A which tan can be used to solve for the adjacent side.

adjacent side length of theta

Cos (theta) =​ hypotenuse Cosine Formula
a Substitution Property
Cos (10) = 9.5

Cos (10) • 9.5 ft. = a (height) Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 7. Height of Triangle in Poly. 1

In Figure 7, the height of the triangle was found. The exact length of the height was

found by using the cosine (cos) formula and using the substitution property and MPE. In this

case, the final formula did not need to be multiplied by 2 because when the original triangle was

cut in half, the height, “a” (adjacent side length of theta / angle A), was not cut in half. The exact

length of the base is equal to cos (10) multiplied by 9.5 feet.

Since the base and the height of the original triangle was found in Figure 6 and 7. These

measurements will be used to find the area of Polygon 1.

Area = 0.5 • base • height • number of sides Area Formula of Polygon 1

Area = 0.5 • (sine (10) • 9.5 • 2) • (cos (10) •
Substitution Property
9.5) • 18
Area ≈ 277.81 square feet Multiplication Property

Figure 8. Area of Polygon 1

The area of Polygon 1 is found in the figure above. The area was found by multiplying
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the base, found in Figure 6, by the height, found in Figure 7, by 0.5 and by 18. The area of

Polygon 1 is approximately 277.81 sq. feet.

Figure 9. Polygon 2

The figure above displays Polygon 2, the triangle that will be used to find the area of it,

and a right triangle with the angles of 90° and 10°. This right triangle is the original triangle but

split in half with a perpendicular bisector / height coming from the top point to the base of the

triangle.

So that the area of Poly. 2 can be found, the base and height of this right triangle will be

found. The trig. functions cosine (cos) and tangent (tan) will be used this time to solve for the

height and base respectively. The reason sine is replaced by tangent in this case will be revealed

in the upcoming figures.

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adjacent side length of theta

Cos (theta) =​ hypotenuse Cosine Formula
a
Cos (10) = 9.5 – 1
Substitution Property

Cos (10) • 9.5 – 1 = “a” height Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 10. Height of Polygon 2

Since Polygon 2 is scaled in by a foot from Polygon 1, the height is 1 ft. smaller than the

height of Poly. 1. The new height is found by taking the height of the former polygon using

cosine and subtracting 1. The height of Polygon 2 is equal to cos (10) • 9.5 – 1.

opposite side length of theta

Tan (theta) = adjacent side length of theta Tangent Formula
o
Tan (10) = cos 10 • 9.5 − 1 Substitution Property
Tan (10) • (Cos (10) • 9.5 – 1) = o (½ base of
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)
Tan (10) • (Cos (10) • 9.5 – 1) • 2 ft = 2o
Multiplication Property of Equality
(base of triangle)

Figure 11. Base of Triangle in Polygon 2

In Figure 12, above, the base of the original triangle is found. It was found by using the

tangent formula and using few mathematical properties to get the final answer. Tangent was used

this time because the “a” (height / adjacent side of the angle) and theta was known. The reason

why the last step has the formula multiplied by 2 is because the original value of “o” (opposite

side of theta / angle A) is half of the original triangle’s base. The base is equal to Tan (10) • (Cos

(10) • 9.5 – 1) • 2 feet.

Area = 0.5 • base • height • number of sides Area Formula of Polygon 2

Area = 0.5 • (tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 1) •
Substitution Property
2) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 1) • 18
Area ≈ 221.59 square feet Multiplication & Subtraction Property

Figure 12. Area of Polygon 2

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The area of Polygon 2 is found in the figure above. The area was found by multiplying

the base, found in Figure 11, by the height, found in Figure 10, by 0.5 and by 18. The area of

Polygon 2 is approximately 221.59 sq. feet.

Figure 13. Polygon 3

As shown in Figure 13, 2 right triangles are displayed with a hypotenuse of 7.5 ft. where

the triangle was split by a perpendicular bisector. One of the right triangles will be used to find

the area of Polygon 3. The angle remains 10° because the central angle does not change. The

finding of the height will be exhibited in the next figure.

adjacent side length of theta

Cos (theta) = hypotenuse Cosine Formula
a
Cos (10) = 9.5 −2 Substitution Property

Cos (10) • 9.5 – 2 ft = “a” height Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 14. Height of Polygon 3

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Because the property line is 3 feet wide and this is the second polygon, the height is 2 ft.

less than the height of Polygon 1. As mentioned in Figure 10, the new height can be found by

using cosine and subtracting 1 from the original height. The height of Polygon 3 turns into cos

(10) • 9.5 – 2 feet.

opposite side length of theta

Tan (theta) = adjacent side length of theta Tangent Formula
o
Tan (10) = cos ( 10) • 9.5−2 Substitution Property
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 2) = o (½ base of
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 2) • 2 ft = 2o (base
Multiplication Property of Equality
of triangle)

Figure 15. Base of Triangle in Polygon 3

Figure 15 displays the base of the original triangle. It was found by using the tangent

formula since the adjacent side length was known. In the last step, the tangent formula was

multiplied by 2 because it was originally half the length of the original triangle. After the

calculations, have been done, the base comes to be tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 2) • 2 feet.

Area = 0.5 • base • height • number of sides Area Formula of Polygon 3

Area = 0.5 • (tan (10)) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 2) •
Substitution Property
2 • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 2) • 18
Area ≈ 171.73 square feet Multiplication & Subtraction Property

Figure 16. Area of Polygon 3

The figure above shows how the area of Polygon 3 was found at which resulted as

approximately 171.73 square feet.

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Figure 17. Polygon 4

In this figure, a right triangle split from the perpendicular bisector is shown with a

hypotenuse of 6.5 ft. The angle of the triangle is still 10° because it is half of the central angle of

an 18-sided polygon. The base and height will be found in future figures.

adjacent side length of theta

Cos (theta) =​ hypotenuse Cosine Formula
a
Cos (10) = 9.5−3 Substitution Property

Cos (10) • 9.5 – 3 = “a” height Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 18. Height of Polygon 4

As mentioned in Figure 14, the property line is 3 feet wide. Since Polygon 4 is the

innermost line, the height is 3 ft. less than the height of Polygon 1. Cosine and the subtraction of

3 from the original height of Polygon 1 is used to find the new height. The height of Polygon 4

becomes cos (10) • 9.5 – 3 ft.

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opposite side length of theta

Tan (theta) = adjacent side length of theta Tangent Formula
o
Tan (10) = cos ( 10) • 9.5 − 1 Substitution Property
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 3) = o (½ base of
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 3) • 2 ft = 2o (base
Multiplication Property of Equality
of triangle)

Figure 19. Base of Polygon 4

Figure 19, above, represents the calculation of the base length. It was found the same way

as shown in Figure 15. The result is tan (10) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 3) • 2 = 2o (base of triangle) feet.

Area = 0.5 • base • height • number of sides Area Formula of Polygon 3

Area = 0.5 • (tan (10)) • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 3) •
Substitution Property
2 • (cos (10) • 9.5 – 3) • 18
Area ≈ 128.21 square feet Multiplication & Subtraction Property

Figure 20. Area of Polygon 4

Figure 20 exhibits the finding of Polygon 4’s area at which the outcome is approximately

128.21 square feet.

Part 3

Figure 21. Footing Dimensions

In the figure, above, the dimensions of the footing of the tower are displayed. The footing
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is 3.5 feet deep and 3 feet wide (the distance from Polygon 4 to Polygon 1).

Volume = (A of Poly​1​ • Height of Prism) – (A

Volume Formula for Concrete
of Poly​4​ • Height of Prism)
Volume = (277.81 • 3.5) – (128.21 • 3.5) Substitution Property

Volume = (972.32) – (448.73) Multiplication Property

Volume ≈ 523.59 feet​3 Subtraction Property

Figure 22. Volume of Concrete Needed for Footing

The volume of the concrete needed for the footing is displayed in the figure above. The

height for the prism was the depth of concrete shown in Figure 21, 3.5 feet. The volume was

found by taking the area of Polygon 1 and multiplying that by the height of the prism then by

taking the area of Polygon 4 and multiplying that by the height of the prism. After those two

values are found, they were subtracted from one another. The volume of the concrete becomes

about 523.59 cubed feet.

Figure 23. Flooring Dimensions

The figure above represents the dimensions of the floor. Because the floor had to extend

from Polygon 4, the length of the base is the same (shown in Figure 19). The floor also had to be

4” deep.
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Volume = Area of P​4​ • Height of Prism Volume Formula for Floor

Volume = 128.21 • 1/3 Substitution Property

Volume ≈ 42.74 feet​3 Multiplication Property

Figure 24. Volume of Floor

This figure shows the volume of the floor. As mentioned in Figure 23, the floor is 4”

deep and has to be converted into feet. The height would end up 1/3 ft. since 4/12 inches is

equivalent to that. The result of the volume would be approximately 42.74 feet​3​.

Figure 25. Aquarium Dimensions

In Figure 25, the aquarium dimensions are shown. The aquarium is located inside of

polygon 4 having the same dimensions of a base of approximately 2.24 ft. and a height of 3.5 ft.

Volume = base • (Height of Prism • 75%) Volume Formula for Concrete

Volume = 2.24 • (3.5 • 0.75) Substitution Property

Volume ≈ 5.88 ft​3 Multiplication Property

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Figure 26. Volume of Aquarium Water

The figure, above, displays the volume of the water in the aquarium. The water fills up

the space 75% of the way. The volume was found by finding 75% of the height (3.5) then

multiplying that the by the side length of the base. The volume of the aquarium water is

approximately 5.88 cubed feet.

Concrete Cost = (Volume of Concrete ÷ 27) •

Concrete Cost Formula
115
Concrete Cost = (523.59 ÷ 27) • 115 Substitution Property

Concrete Cost = $2300 Division & Multiplication Property

Figure 27. Cost Analysis of Concrete Needed

In Figure 27, above, the cost of the concrete was found. The cost was found by taking the

volume of the concrete needed for footing (found in Figure 22) then dividing that by 27 because

a cubic yard of concrete costs $115, to convert the cubic yard into feet it is necessary to divide by

27. After the quotient is found that is rounded up because a fraction of a bag of concrete cannot

be found then it is multiplied by 115 to get the cost of $2300.

Plexiglas Cost = (Area of Poly​4​ ÷ 32) • 1100 Plexiglas Cost Formula

Plexiglas Cost = (128.21 ÷ 32) • 1100 Substitution Property

Plexiglas Cost = 4.01 • 1100 Division Property

Plexiglas Cost = $5500 Multiplication Property

Figure 28. Cost of Plexiglas

In the figure, above, the cost for the Plexiglas is displayed. The cost was found by taking

the area of Polygon 4 (displayed in Figure 20) and dividing it by 32 because the cost is $1100 for

each 48” x 96” x 4” sheet of Plexiglas. The height of the floor and width of the Plexiglas is both
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4 inches, the 48” x 96” needs to be converted into feet. 48 and 96 are both divided by 12

resulting in 4” x 8”, multiplying those two numbers result in 32. After the area is divided by 32

round up because you can buy a fraction of Plexiglas then multiply the answer by 1100, resulting

in the total cost of Plexiglas being $5500.

Part 4:

Figure 29. Dimensions of Polygon 2 and One Lateral Face

Figure 29 displays the dimensions of the outer base polygon (Polygon 2) and one of the

outer lateral walls. The length of the base for the polygon is approximately 2.95 feet and the

height of the prism was found by doubling the length of the base which is around 5.89 feet.
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Figure 30. Dimensions of Door

In the figure, above, the dimensions of the door, except for the height and side length of

polygon, are displayed. The base of the door is 2.7 feet while the height of the door is 4.5 feet.

The radius of the 9-gon (9–sided polygon) is 1.35 feet since its radius is half of the base.

Figure 31. Nonagon Height

The height of the polygon and the side length of the polygon will be found in the

upcoming figures using cosine and sine.

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adjacent side length of theta

Cos (theta) =​ hypotenuse Cosine Formula
a Substitution Property
Cos (10) = 1.35

Cos (10) • 1.35 = “a” height Multiplication Property of Equality

1.33 feet ≈ “a” height Multiplication Property

Figure 32. Height of Nonagon

In the figure, above, the height of the nonagon was found. The exact length of the height

was found by using the cosine (cos) formula since the hypotenuse was known as 1.35 feet and

the angle of the right triangle that was used (10 degrees). The height of the nonagon is

approximately 1.33 feet.

opposite side length of theta

Tan (theta) = adjacent side length of theta Tangent Formula
o
Tan (10) = cos ( 10) • 1.35 Substitution Property
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 1.35) = o (½ base of
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)
Tan (10) • (cos (10) • 1.35) • 2 = 2o (base of
Multiplication Property of Equality
triangle)
0.47 feet ≈ base of triangle Multiplication Property

Figure 33. Side Length of Base of Door Polygon

In Figure 33, above, the base of the door polygon is found. It was found by using the

tangent formula. Tangent was used because the “a” (height / adjacent side of the angle) and theta

was known. The reason why the last step has the formula multiplied by 2 is because the original

value of “o” (opposite side of theta / angle A) is half of the original triangle’s base. The base is

equal to Tan (10) • (Cos (10) • 1.35) • 2 feet so approximately 0.47 feet.
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Area of Door = (B​r​ • H​r​) + (9 • 0.5 • B​dp​ • H​dp​) Area Formula of Door
Area of Door = (2.7 • 4.5) + (9 • 0.5 • 0.47 •
Substitution Property
1.33)
Area of Door = 12.15 + 2.80 Multiplication Property

Area of Door ≈ 14.96 sq. feet Addition Property

Figure 34. Area of Door

In Figure 34, the area of the door was found. The area was found by multiplying the base

and height of the rectangle (B​r​ & H​r​) and multiplying separately the base and height of the door

polygon (B​dp​ & H​dp​) by 0.5, one half multiplied by base and height is the area formula of a

triangle, and by 9, because there were 9 triangles with that base and height in the door polygon.

After those two products were found they were added together to get approximately 14.96 square

feet as the area of the door.

Figure 34. Dimensions of Window

In the figure, above, the dimensions of one of the windows are shown. The base of the

window is found by dividing it up into 18 triangles and using the radius known as approximately
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1.35 feet to find the base and height of the window as about 0.47 feet and around 1.33 feet

respectively. For further explanation, refer to Figures 32 and 33.

Area of Windows = 0.5 • base • height • 18 •

Area Formula of Windows
2
Area of Windows = 0.5 • 0.47 • 1.33 • 18 • 2 Substitution Property

Area of Windows ≈ 11.22 square feet Multiplication Property

Figure 35. Area of Windows

The area of the two windows that are required in the tower are found in the above figure.

The area is found by multiplying 0.5 by the base of the window by the height of the window and

by 18, because the window was divided into 18 triangles to find that base and height, then

multiply the product by 2 because there are two windows. The area of the windows combined is

approximately 11.22 square feet.

Lateral Surface Area = 18 (B​LW​ • H​LW​) – (A​D

Lateral Surface Area Formula
+ A​W​)
LSA = 18 (2.95 • 5.89) – (14.96 + 11.22) Substitution Property

LSA = 18 (17.37) – (26.18) Multiplication Property

LSA = 312.58 – 26.18 Multiplication Property

LSA ≈ 286.41 ft​2 Subtraction Property

Figure 36. Lateral Surface Area of Outer Prism

The lateral surface area (LSA) of the outer prism was found in Figure 36. It was found by

multiplying the base and height of the lateral wall (B​LW​ & H​LW​) by 18 because there is 1 wall on

each side making 18 lateral walls and separately adding the area of the door and windows (A​D &
​

A​W​) together then subtracting the combined area of the windows and door from the surface area
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of all the doors. The area of the windows and door was subtracted because those were mean to be

removed when calculating the surface area. The lateral surface is around 286.41 square feet.

Part 5:

Figure 37. Dimensions of Inner Prism

In the figure displayed above are the dimensions needed to construct the inner walls of

Polygon 3. Because it was extended to Polygon 3, the base becomes approximately 2.59 ft.

(shown in Figure 15), but the height is still 5.89 ft.

Figure 38. Lateral Wall of Inner Prism

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This figure represents the dimensions of the lateral wall of the inner prism. The base is

around 2.59 ft. since it is directly on Polygon 3 and the height is approx. 5.89 ft.

Volume = Area of Base • Height of Prism Volume of Inner Prism Formula

Volume = 171.73 • 5.89 Substitution Property

Volume ≈ 1012.04 ft​3 Multiplication Property

Figure 39. Volume of Inner Prism

Figure 39 represents the volume of the inner prism. As shown in Figure 16, the area of

Polygon 3 is 171.73 ft​2​. The height was found by doubling the base length of Polygon 2. After

multiplying the area of base and height of prism, the volume becomes approx. 1012.04 feet​3​.

Part 6:

Figure 39. Dimensions of Outer Pyramid

In the figure, above, a pyramid is shown with the Polygon 2 as the base and its base side

length of about 2.95 ft. The slant height, height, and angle between the pyramid base and
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pyramid face at the bottom of slant height will be found in the upcoming figures.

Height of Pyramid = side length​PB​ • 3 Height of Pyramid Formula

Height of Pyramid = 2.95 • 3 Substitution Property

Height of Pyramid ≈ 8.84 ft. Multiplication Property

Figure 40. Height of Outer Pyramid

The calculations of how to find the height of the outer pyramid is displayed in the figure

above. The height of the pyramid was required to be 3 times larger than a side length of the

pyramid base (side length​PB​). The height of the pyramid is approximately 8.84 feet.

Slant Height = √Height​R​ + Height​P2 Pythagorean Theorem

Slant Height = √8.84​2​ + 8.36​2 Substitution Property

Multiplication, Addition, & Square Root
Slant Height ≈ √147.96 or 12.16 ft.
Property

Figure 41. Slant Height of Outer Pyramid

In Figure 41, it shows the usage of the Pythagorean theorem to find the slant height. The

height comes down at a right angle to the base with the slant height as the hypotenuse. The

height of the right triangle (Height​R​) was found in Figure 40 while the height of Polygon 2

(Height​P2​) was found in Figure 10. Therefore, the slant height ends up being approximately

√147.96 ft. or 12.16 feet.

adjacent side length of theta

Cos ( Θ ) =​ ​Cos​-1​ ( hypotenuse ) Inverse of Cosine Formula
8.36
Cos (theta) = Cos​-1​ ( 12.16 ) Substitution Property

Cos (theta) ≈ 47° Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 42. Angle at Foot of Slant Height Between Pyramid Base & Face
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The angle between the pyramid base and a pyramid face was found in the figure above.

The inverse of cosine, a trigonometric function, was used because the adjacent side (height of

Polygon 2) and hypotenuse (slant height on pyramid face) was known, but not the degree of the

angle. The inverse of cosine finds the angle measure. The angle between the base and face and is

at the foot of the slant height was approximately 47°.

Part 7:

Figure 43. Outer Pyramid Lateral Face Dimensions

In the figure, above, the dimensions of a lateral face of the outer pyramid is shown. The

height of the triangle is approx. 12.16 feet, the base of the triangle is approx. 2.95 ft., and the

angle measurements of the triangle are Angle A ≈ 14°, Angle B is approximately 83°, and Angle

C is about 83°. The slant height shown in the previous figure, Figure 41, is the height of the

triangle. The method of calculating all the angle measurements will be discussed in the

upcoming figures.
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opposite side length of theta

Tan ( Θ ) =​ ​Tan​-1​ ( adjacent side length of theta ) Inverse of Tangent Formula
0.5 • base
Tan (Angle A) = Tan​-1​ ( height of triangle ) • Substitution Property
2
Tan (Angle A) = Tan​-1​ ( 0.512.16
• 2.95
) •2 Substitution Property

Tan (Angle A) ≈ 14° Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 44. Angle A Measurement

The method used to calculate the measurement of Angle A is found in the figure above.

The inverse of tangent was used because the opposite and adjacent side of Angle A was known,

the opposite side was the height of the triangle and the adjacent side is half of the base length.

After that degree was found it was multiplied by 2 because the altitude from point A bisects the

angle, so multiply by 2 to get the full measure of Angle A. The measure of Angle A is

approximately 14 degrees.

opposite side length of theta

Tan ( Θ ) =​ ​Tan​-1​ ( adjacent side length of theta ) Inverse of Tangent Formula
height of triangle
Tan (Angle B) = Tan​-1​ ( 0.5 • base ) Substitution Property

Tan (Angle B) = Tan​-1​ ( 0.512.16

• 2.95 ) Substitution Property

Tan (Angle B) ≈ 83° Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 45. Angle B Measurement

The method used to calculate the measurement of Angle B is found in the figure above.

For further reference on why the inverse of tangent was used refer to Figure 44. The measure of

Angle B is approximately 83°.

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opposite side length of theta

Tan ( Θ ) =​ ​Tan​-1​ ( adjacent side length of theta ) Inverse of Tangent Formula
height of triangle
Tan (Angle C) = Tan​-1​ ( 0.5 • base ) Substitution Property

Tan (Angle C) = Tan​-1​ ( 0.512.16

• 2.95 ) Substitution Property

Tan (Angle C) ≈ 83° Multiplication Property of Equality

Figure 45. Angle C Measurement

In Figure 45, the measurement of Angle C was found. For further reference on why the

inverse of tangent was used refer to Figure 44. The measure of Angle C is about 83 degrees.

After looking at the answers for Figure 44 and 45, the angles are the same meaning the triangular

faces of the pyramid are isosceles.

Area = 0.5 (base • height) Area Formula for Lateral Face

Area = 0.5 (2.95 • 12.16) Substitution Property

Area ≈ 17.92 ft​2 Multiplication Property

Figure 46. Area of Outer Pyramid Lateral Face

Figure 46 shows the calculation made to find the area of the lateral face of the outer

pyramid. The base length was used from Polygon 2 and the height was from the slant height that

was produced in Figure 41. The area turned out to be about 17.92 ft​2​.

LSA = 18 • 0.5 (base • height) Lateral Surface Area Formula

LSA = 18 • 0.5 (2.95 • 12.16) Substitution Property

LSA ≈ 322.59 ft​2 Multiplication Property

Figure 47. Lateral Surface Area of Outer Pyramid

Figure 47, above, displays how to find the lateral surface area of the outer pyramid. The
 Adeleke – Yu 26

polygon given for this tower was 18-sided. To make matters simple, the area of the lateral faces

(found in Figure 46) was multiplied by 18 because there was a total of 18 triangles. After

calculations, the lateral surface area comes to be about 322.59 ft​2​.

Part 8:

Figure 48. Inner Pyramid Dimensions

In the figure, above, the dimensions of the inner pyramid are shown, the base of the

pyramid is Polygon 3. The height of the pyramid is about 7.78 ft.; the base side length of the

inner pyramid is about 2.59 ft. because its side length is the same length as a side of Polygon 3.

The methods used to calculate the height of the pyramid will be mentioned in the upcoming

figures.

Height = 3 • base Height Formula of Inner Pyramid

Height = 3 • 2.59 Substitution Property

Height ≈ 7.78 feet Multiplication Property

Figure 50. Height of Inner Pyramid

In Figure 50, the height of the inner pyramid is found. The height of inner pyramid is
 Adeleke – Yu 27

required to be 3 times longer than the base side length. The height of the inner pyramid is

approximately 7.78 feet.

Volume = 1/3 (A​base​ • Height​pyramid​) Volume Formula of Inner Pyramid

Volume = 1/3 (171.73 • 7.78) Substitution Property

Volume ≈ 445.46 ft​3 Multiplication Property

Figure 51. Volume of Inner Pyramid

Figure 51 represents the volume of the inner pyramid. The area of base from Polygon 3

was used (calculated in Figure 16) and multiplied by 1/3 because it is a pyramid. The volume

becomes approximately 445.46 ft​3​.

Part 9:

Figure 52. Completed Tower

The figure, above, displays what the completed tower looks like.
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LSA = LSA​Outer Prism ​+ LSA​Outer Pyramid Lateral Surface Formula for Tower

LSA = 286.41 + 322.59 Substitution Property

LSA ≈ 609.00 ft​2 Addition Property

Figure 53. Surface Area of Tower

The total surface area of the tower was calculated in Figure 53. The surface area was

calculated by adding the lateral surface area of the outer prism (Figure 36) and outer pyramid

(Figure 47) together. The surface area of the whole tower is about 609.00 ft​2​.

Volume = Volume​Inner prism +​

​ Volume​
​ Inner Pyramid Volume Formula for Tower

Volume = 1012.04 + 445.46 Substitution Property

Volume ≈ 1457.50 ft​3 Addition Property

Figure 54. Volume of Tower

In Figure 54, the volume of the completed tower was found. The volume of the tower was

found by adding the volume of the inner prism (Figure 39) and inner pyramid (Figure 48) to each

other. The volume of the whole tower becomes approximately 1457.50 ft​3​.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, throughout this paper certain measurements and math topics were covered

and found using multiple math properties and trigonometric functions. The volume of the whole

tower came to be about 1457.50 cubed feet and the surface area came to be about 609.00 sq. feet.

In the figures, approximate values were listed but exact values were used in calculations unless it

was said otherwise in the explanation of the figures (examples include Figure 27 and Figure 28).

Some advice for people doing this project in the future is to take your time when cutting

and constructing and do not procrastinate the building. Otherwise, you will be in the position of
 Adeleke – Yu 29

some students who rush and burn themselves or have multiple cuts. Major key is to HAVE

PATIENCE because it takes pure patience and staying the three Cs (calm, cool, and collected) to

have your roof meet perfectly at the apex or have someone that is good with architecture and

crafts help build it. It can be helpful to not rush because the tower might end up looking better

and the better it looks and is constructed, the better the pay. Also, remember try to have fun, it

will be a pain in the derrière if you don’t try to have fun and are stuck with building a tower. No

one wants to be left with a bad experience of building a tower.

All in all, we hope our multimillionaire client likes our ​Moana-​ themed tower because a

lot of sleep was lost and a lot of sweat, pain, and crying was put in over this building process.

Now that leaves the question if you were given the task of building a tower under a certain

deadline, what would be your approach to building this tower and what theme would you want

the tower to be?