Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Nanomaterials
2
Nanostructured materials
Nanomaterials
Nanophase materials
Ultrafine particles
Intro to Office
Nanotech
of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy 02/09/14
Nanotechnology Includes Nanomaterials
5 Nanomembranes
Nanowires
! Any material that has nano-scale features are termed a nanomaterial
Nano-others
Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials
6
MOLECULES
Size (approx) Materials
7
Light
Temperature
Heat
Cold Sound
The$forms$of$energy$that$affect$us$in$the$environment$can$affect$
molecules.$
Energy comes from the environment to affect molecular nature.
Since more molecules are on the surface, the effect is more pronounced.
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
Properties Examples
Mechanical Improved hardness and toughness of metals and alloys, ductility and
superplasticity of ceramics
Catalytic Mechanical
Higher Structural Disorder Reduction of Grain Size
Steps, Kinks, Dangling Bonds
Higher Structural Disorder
Higher Surface Area
(higher surface to volume ratio) Increased surface of grain boundary –
barrier for dislocation movement
Nanotechnology
10
Biological self-assembly
Bio-catalysis
Supra-molecular self-
assembly
02/09/14 Intro to Nanotech Supramolecular
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Molecular Biology Chemistry
Artifici al Biomimetic
Techniques Techniques
Kinetic Reaction
Limited Controlled
Condition
Schematic
representation of the
bottom up and top
down synthesis
processes of
nanomaterials with
the popular
techniques that are
used.
• Nanoparticles for
biomedical
Drug$delivery,$Bio=sensors,$MR$imaging$
applications
Enhanced surfaces
• Nanostructured
Fuel Cells
materials for Solar cells
energy Thermoelectrics
Fission Reactors
Polymeric nanocomposites
• Functional Inorganic nanocomposites
Nanocomposites Quantum dots
Nanofluids
Catalysis
Fabrication Strategies
Biomimetics
Gas-Phase Methods
Vapor Evaporation/Condensation
Chemical Vapor deposition
Laser Ablation
Chemical Methods
Precipitations
Sol gel
Spray Drying / Spray Pyrolysis
Thermal Decomposition
Mechanical Deformation
Mechanical alloying
Chemo-mechanical alloying
Severe mechanical deformation
• BallMilling: is a mechano/chemical
process, relying on the energy released at the
point of collision between hard balls in a ball
mill to activate the chemical reaction.
History of Nanotechnology
20
• ~ 2000 Years Ago – Sulfide nanocrystals used by Greeks and Romans
to dye hair
• Information Technology
- Computing, Memory and Data Storage
- Communication
• Energy
• Environment
• Transportation
• Carbon Nanotubes
• Nanostructured Polymers
• Optical fiber performs through sol-gel
processing of nanoparticles
• Nanoparticles in imaging systems
• Nanostructured coatings
• Ceramic Nanoparticles for netshapes
• Improved color printing through better inks and dyes with nanoparticles
• Lubricants
• Catalysts
• Insulators
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
Various Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies
25
• Nanocrystalline materials • Molecular electronics
• Nanoparticles • Quantum dots
• Nanocapsules • NEMS, Nanofluidics
• Nanoporous materials • Nanophotonics, Nano-optics
• Nanofibers • Nanomagnetics
• Nanowires • Nanofabrication
• Fullerenes • Nanolithography
• Nanotubes • Nanomanufacturing
• Nanosprings • Nanomedicine
• Nanobelts • Nano-bio
• Dendrimers • Nano-food
• … • Nano-energy
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
Nanomaterials Applications
26
EU Investment
30
http://www.bayfor.org/media/uploads/ktml/media/grafik-kooperationen-en.gif
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
KTH Priorities
31
http://www.kth.se/en/forskning/forskningsplattformar
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
Nanotechnology for
Energy Applications
34
BATTERIES
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
SOLAR CELLS
TRANSPORTATION
http://solarsofa.com/nanotechnologies-cut-the-cost-of-green-energy-says-abi-research/
Molecules Photons
Λ = 1 100 nm Λ > 10 nm
λ=1 nm λ=0.1-10 µm
Λ---Mean
free path
λ---wavelength
Electrons Phonons
Λ=10-100 nm Λ=10-100 nm
λ=10-50 nm λ=1 nm
Intro to Nanotech 02/09/14
Batteries
Change electrode materials by nanostructuring (texturing) to improved
electrical performance; nanoscale particles boost energy storage and
power delivery by reducing the distance Li ions travel during diffusion
Nanobattery: Fill a nanoscale membrane with an electrolyte, cap with
electrodes; contact with a probe tip
Intro to Nanotech
High Performance Batteries
39
Eco-friendly Battery
• The electric field causes the particle material to polarize (induced electric dipoles)
• The induced electric dipoles interact and the particles align in chains which maximizes their attraction.
• Improved displays
• Wear-resistant tires
• High temperature sensors for ‘under the hood’; novel sensors for “all-
electric” vehicles
Nanotechnology for
Biomedical Applications
46
DRUG DELIVERY
CONTRASTING AGENT
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Polymer
nanoparticles
Dendrimers
• Fast)and)more)efficient) • Magnetic)resonance)
biosensors) imaging)enhancement)
• Targeted)drug)delivery)to) • Single)cell)study)and)bio5
specific)cells) manipulation)
• )Novel)cancer)theraphy)and) • Novel)diagnostic)tools)for)
hyperthermia)treatments) early)stage)detection)of)
diseases)
48
Therapeutic Drug
Delivery Devices
10nm-100 µm
Biosensors
Detection from DNA to DNA to Bind and Detect
Proteins Proteins
10nm-100
Intro to Nanotech µm 10nm-100 µm 02/09/14
Nanomaterials in Biology and Medicine
49
Nanoparticle-Based Systems
50
Plasmonics
WATER REMEDIATION
AIR FILTERING
Water Purification
54
! CNT ultra filtration membranes/mesh filters
! NanopowderAdsorbents
! Nanoporousceramic
! Nanocatalysts
Nanotechnology
Intro to Nanotech in Food & Agriculture Report; http://www.foeeurope.org/activities/nanotechnology/index.htm 02/09/14
Smart air-cleaning paints (ecopaints)
55
Photo-catalysis for self-cleaning surfaces
British company Millennium Chemicals: (based in Grimsby) holds the patent for Ecopaint
In a typical 0.3-millimetre layer of Ecopaint, there will be enough calcium carbonate to last five years in a
heavily polluted city. Polysiloxane is resistant to attack by titanium dioxide.
to Nanotech Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for Depollution Assessment programme (PICADA) 02/09/14
Intro Europe-funded
Bread down poisonous fumes, e.g. formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia into CO2 and H2O
Destroy cigarette, smoke and other odors.
Intro to Nanotech
http://web.archive.org/web/20070423163309/http://www.kindhome.com.tw/pviewitem1.asp?sn=536 02/09/14
Nano-food
57
T.Intro
Tarver.to Nanotech
“Food Nanotechnology.” Food Technology Magazine. 2006, 60(11), 22-26. 02/09/14
Nanotech in
consumer products
60
61
Nanotech in Textiles
62
Intro to Nanotech
http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/ 02/09/14
Nanotech for Communication
63
Summary
64