The Level of Family Conflicts and Their Relationship To Parental Absenteeism Among A Sample of Middle Adolescent Students

PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
Ahmad Y. Aljawarneh, 2019

Volume 4 Issue 3, pp. 1963-1982
Date of Publication: 8th March 2019
DOI-https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.19631982
This paper can be cited as: Aljawarneh, A. Y., (2019). The Level of Family Conflicts and Their
Relationship to Parental Absenteeism among a Sample of Middle Adolescent Students. PEOPLE:
International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 1963-1982.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a
letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
THE LEVEL OF FAMILY CONFLICTS AND THEIR

RELATIONSHIP TO PARENTAL ABSENTEEISM AMONG A
SAMPLE OF MIDDLE ADOLESCENT STUDENTS
Ahmad Y. Aljawarneh Dr.
Ministry of Education, Irbid, Jordan
ah.jawarneh@hotmail.com
Abstract
The study aimed at exploring the connection between parental absenteeism and family conflict
among a sample of middle adolescent students. In addition, the study sought to identify the levels
of family conflict and parental relations among the sample and the link between parental
absenteeism and family conflict. The combined effect of parental absenteeism and gender on
them. The sample was composed of 446 students, 240 (53.8%) male and 206 (46.2%) female
students. The descriptive research method was adopted in this study. The instruments used in this
scale were built by the researcher to measure the levels of family conflicts. Results from the
study revealed that individuals in the sample achieved an average degree on the scales of family
conflicts. Significant statistical differences attributed to gender were found on the scale of family
conflicts in favor of females. Moreover, significant statistical differences were found relating to
parental absenteeism on the scale of family conflicts in favor of mother absenteeism. An effect
relating to the interaction between gender and parental absenteeism was found on the scale of
family conflicts except for the dimensions: Psychological problems.
Keyword
Family Conflicts, Parental Absenteeism, Middle Adolescent Students, Gender, Jordan
Available Online at: http://grdspublishing.org/ 1963

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1. Introduction
The family plays a big role in achieving psychological balance and good mental health
for all its individuals, but the family may be exposed to many of the problems that can be divided
into three main sections: General problems, marital problems and children's problems (Al-
Hazmi, 2002). The problem has been exacerbated with the children when parents’ divorce and
the battle begins and cases in court and the use of words inappropriate between one another, and
the reduction of one like each other in front of their children, especially in the case since the start
of each new life, such as marriage or preoccupation with the special things that keep him out of
follow-up care, for the children sometimes.
The father or mother who is locked in front of family difficult daily responsibilities and
problems which is represented in visiting problems of the children by the other parent, and
handling the negative effects of these family disputes and the lack of time spent with their
children, besides academic achievement problems caused by the refraction of family separation
or divorce, and on their relationships with their peers, the unstable family relationships of the
people of husband and wife, many of the problems and also show when the couple begins to
search for another partner or a new relationship which leads to the loss children and tear and
exposure to psychological deviation outside the disassembled family (Wong & Drake, 2017).
Divorce or separation may be lighter hazards that may cause the growth of children and
mentally from family conflicts and disagreements strong, because they may adapt to the new
living conditions but the difficulty is greater when parents are lost because of divorce and thus
deprived of attention, support, and care they might need, which may compensate for the loss of
family albeit modest, making them easy prey for the occurrence of mental disorders and
deviations away from the family, community and normal values of social life, and very easy prey
for perverts and the enemies of social life wretched (Gowda & Rao, 2018).
2. Literature Review
The family disputes is one of the most dangerous issues that affect the psychological
development of the children and cause them to loss and fragmentation and the loss of the goal to
create many and varied problems and they have them from reaching the phase of deviation, so
that the family is torn psychologically and socially conflicted or experience fights and daily
clashes or the separation of parents and one of them leaving systems and family life which
suspended partially or completely by divorce. Family with one person responsible for all the

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psychological, social, economic, administrative and educational concerns of daily might be the
father, the mother, the grandfather or other relatives; increasing difficulties on the breadwinner if
There are several children and limited financial possibilities with low level of culture or
education which leads them to a weak sense of belonging and focusing and therefore less
attention to children with one in the shattered family (Hamdan, 2006).
The conjugal and private family disputes coincided with the beginning of the grab
absolute power of the husband and the beginning of the emancipation of women, it began here
marital problems worsened to the point of abandonment, divorce and family cracked (Mumm, et
al., 1998), the resulted in exposure of family life for many of the relationships unrest and tension
and the emergence of marriage disputes to be influenced greatly by the social structure of the
family, besides these conflicts hinder the family from the performance of its functions vital to its
creation imbalance within the pattern of family relations between all parties (Nawfal, 2009).
The family relationships disorder threat to the lives of families and children and society
as a whole, one of the most important problems that affect family stability and integration and
their ability to perform their functions, and that the exposure of children to deprivation and
cruelty, neglect, and ostracism in their relationship with their parents from the most important
thing led to psychological deviations that affect the psychological security, growth and reduces
their capabilities and abilities (Morsi, 1990). Education style of children and socialization in the
family and the family atmosphere and the crucial role in determining the personal style and its
relation to society and their implications surrounding it, as they understand the ways of parenting
lead to an understanding of social behavior and motives in the community (Alsimari, 2000).
The concept of family disintegration as the collapse of cohesion and harmony and not to
do to build social roles associated with them, and when one fails one or more of the family to
give what is required satisfactorily to take several major forms of the disintegration of the family
(Almalik & Nawfal, 2006):
1. The voluntary dissolution of the family of a parent through separation or divorce,
emigration, uses parental arguments and moves from one place to another to stay away
from home and thus for his partner for while possible.
2. Involuntary dissolution of the family as death or imprisonment or natural disasters or
calamities and wars.

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3. Family cochleae empty Here, members of the family live in one place and describe
family relationships weak communication and a failure to build relationships and lack of
exchange of emotions between them, so that these relations up to a minimum.
4. Autonomic failure to the fact that one or both parents to perform the role required of him
as a result of factors that effect it injury mental illness or mental or chronic or serious
illness, which can be difficult to treat.
Repeated conflicts and disputes between parents and is a key factor in family
breakdown, especially conflicts that are in front of children that leave their mark on their
personalities, resort to escape from the troubled family, charged with fear and anxiety, conflict
and instability, to look for an alternative that accepts them and they belong to become members
of it, and this will be the alternative is often the guys teach them bad habits; illegal and deviant
behaviors, and become members demolish instead of being a source of happiness for their
families and their community (Altel, et al., 2001).
Associated with divorce often conflict between the parents and the lack of
psychological harmony between them, or women's work or not the pair's ability to spend, and
thus becomes impossible to continue to marital life, bringing the divorce rate in most Arab and
Islamic countries increased, for example, Jordan occupies the second rank in the number of cases
divorces. It is the most important one main factor for the deviation of the children and then to
their estates and their displacement, especially when they have no one to come to them and look
after them, whether father or mother has the situation is getting worse in the marriage of a
divorced mother of another man will not accept the case for children of the first pair, which leads
to generating negative feelings among mothers of anxiety and fear for their future and the future
of their children. Cohesion and stability of the family presume a family filled with love and
affection, on the contrary, unstable families due to separation or divorce, or the absence of a
parent for a long time and that creates the emotional deprivation of the children and the failure to
implant social values and customs and thus access to the sense of anxiety and lack of confidence
in himself and others (Shukri, 1998).
Divorce leads to many forms of disintegration of the family where they appear in the
image of deep feelings are threatened and fear and suffering from accompanying disorders by
divorce, and emotional conflict that arises when children between love parents and their inability
to bias one without the other, children falls victim to mutual abuse between parents and revenge,
which negatively affects their personalities in the future, whether they are husbands or fathers, as

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well about their view of themselves and others, and society in general. and abandonment of
things is associated with divorce, he is leaving the relationship with the partner and thinking
about the termination or disposal of responsibilities, he gives one parent of married life as a
result of the conflict and the conflict between them without any prior agreement, and
abandonment rates are high in the early years of marriage, especially without children who
support feeling life and the situation returned normal, and abandonment of negative effects is the
dispersion of the children and their estates and then deviating and thus access to the family
disjointed (Altel, et al., 2001).
The problem of separation or parents’ divorce in the west in general and in the United
States in particular dilemma and difficult, where the divorced ratio of 1:3 of married couples and
30% of American households live solo either the father or mother or grandfather, and families of
the father and mother together reach proportion to 25.5%, and the remainder shall be a mix of
singles individuals and others living together in a variety of different collective or bilateral
relations, while the developing countries in the Middle Separation or divorce and repeat
occurrence is a crisis in many communities in Southeast Asia, then the Arab developing
countries and African countries and Latin American countries (Hamdan, 2006).
The intervention of the husband or wife in the couple's private affairs of things
contribute to the differences between them, and the absence of love and affection between the
couple, which is the most important things that should be available in marital relations for
continuing (Altwaijri, 2001). And take decisions in a manner autocratic family or individual
creates differences as well, and that the pursuit of a couple to achieve its own interests without
taking into account the interests of his partner those of the reasons that lead to the occurrence of
marital disputes that lead to family disputes (Awni & Abdelmoneim, 1985).
As a result of disagreements and quarrels begin parental emotions fade not only keep
then simple children of thing, as the parents dropping various emotions on children and that they
hated appearances expressed by parents towards their partner, and here shows contempt for
parents to one another by ignoring the children and show the harsh treatment of them, the parents
problems acquired their thinking hinder help children in their own problems and to accustom the
children to their quarrels parenting makes children rioters individuals tend to quarrel with others,
also lost their children respect for parents bickering and loss of confidence possibilities and
regard them losers in the face of life, the children try to intervene in these quarrels people do
internal conflict because of their inability to cope with this situation, resort to using cruelty as a

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way of life which creates hatred in the hearts of the children to the family or members of the
family as a whole (Mahmood, 2010).
Differences and disputes affecting the work of the pair inflicted failures and lack of
success, the husband happy is enjoying his life, marital quite without controversies and quarrels
allow his success to his work because the calm and the house comfortable and happy and wife
supporting create and provide himself and practicable success of confidence, and this applies to
working women who work outside the home (Ibrahim, 1986). As for the women who are the
home business, just Differences and conflicts of the family caused her mental disorders lose the
capacity, productivity, and the follow-up children and have responsibilities house, Differences,
and marital quarrels directly affect the relations in the family (Omar, 1999).
The study Nader (2004) to the seriousness of the absence of a father figure to the
teenager, which reflected in the high level of aggressive tendencies and submission and
appeasement and low self-esteem and psychological security and sexual stereotyping in
significance by comparing them presence father relationship. Also showed Mahmood study
(2010) that 80% of male effect marital disputes and conflicts on them, while 48% were female,
and that these differences lead to poor socialization and the emergence of psychological
problems among children. In study Awawdeh et al., (2013) pointed out that the psychological
factor is the factor that leads to family conflicts followed by social, and that there are significant
differences of the factors that lead to family conflicts due to the gender in favor of males, and the
place of residence in favor of the village.
3. Research Objectives
The family is considered the cornerstone in building the personality of the children, and
obtaining the compatibility and psychological security to reach the building of a true and healthy
member within them first and then in society. However, if the children lost one or both parents,
they would not get a family in its true sense, the orderly satisfaction of their needs carries a
positive concept, as children in such families lack the warm relations received by other children
who live in families that don’t have absence of the parents. The disruption of the family
atmosphere as a result of the loss or separation of one or both parents causes children to feel
unstable and lose confidence in themselves and their surroundings, as well as loss of security and
fear of the future.

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Family conflicts are one of the most serious things that affect the psychological
development of children and cause them loss, dispersion and loss of purpose, creating the many
and varied problems they have and reaching the stage of deviance, so that the family is
psychologically and socially torn by disputes or clashes and daily clashes or by separation of
parents. Or entirely by divorce. So that the family becomes one person responsible for them and
all the psychological, social, economic, administrative and educational concerns of the day,
especially as there were a number of children and a lack of financial resources, and low level of
cultural or educational.
This study of parental absenteeism studies is rare in the Arab world in general and
Jordan in particular, and gender differences in the level of family conflicts, the impact of parental
absenteeism in family conflicts. And this study aims to find out the differences between the
gender of family conflicts, and the impact of the interaction between gender and parental
absenteeism on family conflicts domains among a sample middle adolescence students. The
study is trying to answer the following questions:
1. What are the levels domains of family conflicts among a sample study?
2. Are there gender differences in the level of family conflicts among a sample study?
3. Are there significant differences in family conflicts attributed to the parental absenteeism
of influence on domains of family conflicts among a sample study?
4. Are there a statistically significant effect of the interaction of gender and parental
absenteeism on the domains of family conflicts?
4. Method
4.1 Study Approach
The current study followed the descriptive approach in one analytical picture, as it
examined the level of family conflicts and their relationship to parental absenteeism among a
sample of middle adolescent students.
4.2 Participants
A total of (n= 1907) adolescent students with parental absenteeism were selected using
stratified Purposive sampling from ninth and tenth grade in the schools of the Qasabat Irbid
educational directorate in Jordan. The sample was composed of 446 students, 240 (53.8%) male
and 206 (46.2%) female students. There were 109 (24.4%) The father's absence, and 127

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(28.5%) The mother's absence and 210 (47.1%) parents together. Students ranged from 14.5 to
16 years of age (M = 15.25, SD = 0.81).
4.3 Measures
4.3.1 Family Conflicts Scale
The researcher reference to topics related problems and disagreements and family
conflicts and parenting styles in Arabic and English, including (Altel, et al., 2004) and (Al-
Muhareb, 2005) and (Al-Belaihi, 2008) and (Moussa, 2003) and (Aljawarneh, 2010) and (Buri,
1991), (Beaty, 1995), to set up a specialized measure of family conflicts, where it was drafting
the paragraphs of this scale, consisting of (37) items, dispensers on three domains, she: Family
problem domain and has (14), items a (1-14), psychological problem domain and has (12), items
a (15-26), personal problem domain and has a (11) items a (27-37).
The scale contains 37 items designed to measure problems: family and psychological,
personal. Responses were rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1(never) to 5 (Always). The
validity of the scale (High Standards and Discrepancy) was supported by a confirmatory factor
analysis. Factor loadings for the items of this scale ranged from 0.52 to 0.92. Internal consistency
reliabilities (Cronbach’s alphas) for the scale in this sample were 0.83 (High Standards) and 0.85
(Discrepancy).
4.4 Procedure
Participants in the study were chosen from ninth and tenth grade, and oral informed
consent was obtained from all of them. The participants were asked to complete a demographic
sheet, the family conflicts (Prepared by the researcher). The participants completed the
questionnaires in one sitting during class time and did not receive any compensation for their
participation. The researcher oversaw the completion of the questionnaires.
5. Statistical Analysis
In the present study, mean and SD were used to the scores of respondents on the family
conflicts scale, and two-independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences in scores
on each of the Family Conflicts Scale by gender, and (One Way ANOVA) were used to
adolescents estimates on the family conflicts scale and by parental absenteeism. (MNOVA) were
used identify the score respondents on the domains of the family conflicts, and comparisons
dimensional (Tamhane Test) used to scores respondents on the domains of the family conflicts.

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6. Results
Q1: What are the level domains of family conflicts among a sample study?
To verify this hypothesis was extracted arithmetic means and SD of the level domains
of family conflicts, and the table (1) illustrates this.
Table 1: The Mean and SD the Scores of Respondents on the Family Conflicts Scale
No. Domains M SD Rank Level
1. Family problems 2.58 0.66 3 Medium
2. Psychological Problems 2.92 0.70 2 Medium
3. Personal problems 2.98 0.69 1 Medium
Total 2.83 --- --- Medium
The table shows (1) that the level of family conflicts among a sample study. The results
were is the study sample has a medium level of family conflicts, reaching the M (2.83). Which
came personal problem domain in the first rank the highest arithmetic means (2.98) and an SD
(0.69), then followed by psychological problem domain with a mean (2.92) and SD (0.70), and
finally came the last problems, family domain reached a mean (2.58) and an SD (0.66), then
came all the domains scale at a medium level.
Q2: Are there gender differences in the level of family conflicts among a sample study?
To see if there were differences between gender on domains of family conflicts scale,
use a testing – t (T-test). It shows a table (2) means and SD, the results of the test (T).
Table 2: Test Results (T) of the differences between the Gender Mean Degrees on the of Family
Conflicts Scale
Domains Gender M SD T Sig.
Family problems Males 2.49 0.72 -3.35 0.006*
Females 2.69 0.56
Psychological Problems Males 2.81 0.74 -3.14 0.240
Females 3.04 0.63
Personal problems Males 2.81 0.79 -6.23 0.000**
Females 3.19 0.48
Males 85.17 22.78 -3.90 0.000**
Scale
Females 92.68 17.87
* P < 0.01; ** P < 0.0001
The table shows (2) that there are differences statistically significant between the gender
in the whole family conflicts scale, (T = -3.90, P < 0.0001), with females (M = 92.68, SD =
17.87) scoring higher than males (M= 85.17, SD = 22.78). Regarding the difference between the
gender in all domains of the scale, the results were as follows: family problem domain (T = -

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3.35, P < 0.0001), with females (M = 2.69, SD = 0.56) scoring higher than males (M= 2.49, SD =
0.72). As for the psychological problem domain (T = -3.14, P < 0.01), with females (M = 3.04,
SD = 0.63) scoring higher than males (M= 2.81, SD = 0.74). And personal problem domain (T =
-6.23, P < 0.0001), with females (M = 3.19, SD = 0.48) scoring higher than males (M= 2.81, SD
= 0.79).
Q3: Are there significant differences in family conflicts attributed to the parental absenteeism of
influence on domains of family conflicts among a sample study?
To verify this question has been used (One Way ANOVA) to see adolescents estimates
the family conflicts scale and by parental absenteeism, means, SD, to see the direction of the
differences, and a table (3) shows that.
Table 3: Test Results (One Way ANOVA) to see Adolescents estimates on the Family Conflicts
Scale and by Parental Absenteeism
Domains S.V SS Df MS Value (F) Sig.
Family Between G 7.859 2 3.930
problems Within G 185.258 443 0.418 9.40 0.000**
Total 193.118 445
Psychological Between G 4.668 2 2.334
Problems Within G 212.881 443 0.481 4.86 0.008*
Total 217.549 445
Personal Between G 14.621 2 7.310
problems Within G 197.135 443 0.445 16.43 0.000**
Total 211.756 445
Between G 4294.817 2 2147.408
Scale Within G 191493.783 443 432.266 4.97 0.007**
Total 195788.601 445
* P < 0.01; ** P < 0.0001
The table shows (3) that there are differences statistically significant between parental
absenteeism in the whole family conflicts scale (F = 4.97; P <0.01), and for domains: family
problem domain (F = 9.40; P <0.0001), As for the psychological problem domain (F = 4.86; P
<0.01), and finally personal problem domain (F = 16.43; P <0.0001). To find out the direction of
these differences; the means, SD, account for the parental absenteeism and groups, and a table
(4) shows that.
Table 4: The Mean and SD the Scores of Respondents on the Family Conflicts Scale and by
Parental Absenteeism
Domains M SD
Father 2.69 0.71

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Family problems Mother 2.72 0.65

Together 2.44 0.61
Father 2.78 0.52
Psychological Problems Mother 3.06 0.89
Together 2.90 0.64
Father 3.00 0.81
Personal problems Mother 3.25 0.70
Together 2.82 0.55
Father 98.03 21.91
Scale Mother 103.99 25.26
Together 94.40 18.42
The table shows (4) that differences in family conflicts scale as a whole was in favor of
the mother's absence (M = 103.99; SD = 25.26); and for domains: Family problem's domain in
favor of the mother's absence (M = 2.72; SD = 0.65); As for the psychological problem domain
in favor of the mother's absence (M = 3.06; SD = 0.89); and finally personal problems domain in
favor of the mother's absence (M = 3.25; SD = 0.70).
Q4: Is there a statistically significant effect of the interaction of gender and parental absenteeism
on the domains of family conflicts?
To verify this question has been used (MNOVA), and a table (5) shows that.
Table 5: Test Results (MNOVA) Score Respondents on the Domains of the Family Conflicts
Domains S.V SS df MS F Sig.
Family problems 7.764 1 7.764 21.12 0.000**
Gender Psychological Problems 4.358 1 4.358 9.91 0.002*
Personal problems 14.757 1 14.757 36.98 0.000**
Parental Family problems 6.650 2 3.325 9.05 0.000**
Absenteeism Psychological Problems 1.922 2 0.961 2.18 0.114
Personal problems 7.245 2 3.623 9.08 0.000**
Gender × Family problems 20.190 2 10.095 27.46 0.000**
Parental Psychological Problems 15.889 2 7.944 18.06 0.000**
Absenteeism Personal problems 10.822 2 5.411 13.56 0.000**
Family problems 161.343 440 0.368
Error Psychological Problems 193.551 440 0.440
Personal problems 175.384 440 0.399
Family problems 3169.056 446
Scale Psychological Problems 4012.132 446
Personal problems 4181.877 446
* P < 0.01; ** P < 0.0001
The table shows (5) that there is no statistically significant in all degrees of differences
in the domains of family conflicts scale and the variables of gender and parental absenteeism

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interaction between them except psychological problem domain the parental absenteeism, and to
find the source of these differences will use (Tamhane Test) comparisons dimensional
differences in degrees domains of family conflicts the scale, so as is evident in the table (6).
Table 6: The result comparisons dimensional (Tamhane Test) scores respondents on the
domains of the family conflicts
Domains Variable Variable
Father Mother Together
Family Father -0.0296 -0.2491*
problems Mother -0.2787*
Together
Father Mother Both
Psychological Father -0.2803* -0.1280
Problems Mother -0.1503
Together
Father Mother Both
Personal Father -0.2429* -0.1862*
problems Mother -0.4291*
Together
* interaction
The table shows (6) in the presence of reaction family problem domain and that
between the father and the parents together (-0.2491), and between the mother and the parents
together (-0.2787). In the psychological problem domain, there was an interaction between the
father and mother (-0.2803). With respect to the personal problem domain, there was an
interaction between the father and mother (-0.2429), and between the father and the parents
together (-0.1862), and between the mother and the parents together (-0.4291).
7. Discussion
The results indicated that personal problems domain ranked first and at a medium level,
where attribute this researcher parenting styles family in how to deal with children and their
impact on their personalities and adaptation in the family, and the fluctuations of parenting styles
use of multiple methods as a way of soft and intensity, acceptance, rejection, and mismatches
between them in the use of educational one method to guide behavior, this increases the
confusion parents and inconsistency besides the concern in the search for an optimal parenting
styles in the upbringing of their children's, and this leads to inconsistencies in the parenting by
parents and volatility. The researcher believes that the family environment that contains the
neglect and ill-parenting styles and the use of authoritarian and control the strict upbringing has

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been treated since children, which may eventually lead to the creation of a detected and
unbalanced character, which in turn creates a personality disorder that effect his actions and
behavior, forcing children to do the behavior of volatile and non-responses right, which leads
than to provocation and parents especially among parents who are not searching for reasons for
the truth behind this behavior expectations for exhibitions capacities and need of children. But
resort to deal with deviations of behavior and not straightened, also resort to the use more
ostracism and authoritarian styles, here is the relationship between children and parents begin in
disarray as a result of the loss of balance and harmony, and the inability to recognize the true
reality requirements. Psychological problems domain in the second rank, where the researcher
attributes this to the children living in families that lacks a parent resort to constant comparisons
between their lives and the lives of the children who are in families with no parents see to the
happy lives that enjoy them, leading them to feelings of inferiority and despair, misery,
frustration and even hatred for them, and the children may not find kindness and love in their
families, and the lack of security and peace of mind, which leads them to be the aggressive
behaviors and emotional disorders may cause damage to others around them.
The researcher believes that the loss of children and depriving them of a parents or both
parents, whether due to or divorce or death or travel will feel the children in the social
atmosphere is unstable psychologically thus creating anxiety and stress, and family relationships
disorder that leads them to poor adjustment and instability in relations between them, the painful
and unpleasant experiences at the beginning of their lives lead them to a mismatch and
adjustment psychological, but with the passage of time they fell victim to mental disorders of
children and make individuals abnormal. Family problems domain is in the third rank at a
medium level, where the researcher believes that cases of divorce and separation, travel
intermittent keep the family for the sense of stability and a sense of concern the separation and
often these families prevail disputes there, including disputes, and non-observance of the fathers
of the individual differences between children and asking them to work outweighing their
abilities and the put parents goals are unable to children for their achievement, which leads them
to a sense of failure and frustration. The researcher attributes to the face that comparison between
children that lead to lack of domestic consensus, poor adaptation and creating differences among
themselves, perhaps the parenting styles authoritarian and permissive and not to satisfy the
psychological and social, physical needs role in their children, the ignorance of parents normal
parenting in the education and upbringing of proper, lack awareness of ways to deal with the

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children, and that harsh treatment by parents authoritarian based on instilling fear, anxiety, and
develop a sense of low self of the things that create and help the emergence of family problems
within families which lack a parents. This result is consistent with the study Besul (2011) which
refers to the superiority of personal problems, psychological and family, and differ as a result of
this study with the study Al-Sardia (2002), which refers to the superiority of psychological
problems in family conflicts.
Results indicated the presence of differences in the domains of family and personal
problems and scale as a whole in favor of females, and no differences in psychological problems,
where the researcher attributes this result not to determine their goals and make their role within
the family, which leads them to failure in the tasks required from them, which may create
psychological instability and the loss of safety has. The self-confidence begins to fall gradually
and condemned what difficulties which the clashes of life within the family and society, and
prevent them from carrying out the tasks and duties of family life, and perhaps the loss of
communication between individuals has a negative impact on the adjustment, harmony, and
move away from the principals and proper values that works to achieve the upbringing a family
is correct, especially for adolescents. And effect the father's absence on female adolescence
character because it derives its qualities and behaviors and way of dealing with others with him,
his absence prevents the transfer of the things that should be available in the adolescent male and
effect his character as male side overwhelmed in their lives, on the contrary, in the mother's
absence it dramatically affects the female character, because it prevents females from taking their
own instructions as females and not to consolidate and strengthen their sense of self and to have
their acceptance, the mother is the source of female education and how to configure their
behavior and treat with their husbands them in the future. It loses adolescents, whether they are
male or female psychological and social compatibility as a result of the absence of sexual role in
their upbringing.
And offers family and social effects and cultural abnormal and education negative role
in the emergence of family problems and make a family shaky family, punctuated by cracking
and the collapse of the family atmosphere and the cohesion between parents and children
present. While adolescent males and females participate in psychological problems, because
psychological disorders arising from family conflicts do not differentiate between male and
female. Deprivation and parental absenteeism take the lead and rank first on ethics in the
possession of the children and then create conflicts among themselves and lack of emotional

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balance and psychological security, children who lose their parents are more susceptible to
anxiety, stress, depression and other mental disorders that affect the acquisition of social roles in
the male and female life. The consistent results of this study with Sawalhah (2014) of female
superiority in family problems, and differ as a result of this study with Al-Sardia (2002), which
refers to male superiority in psychological problems, and the study of each of Norland, et al.,
(2009), and Mahmood (2010), and Awawdeh, et al., (2013) who They refer to male supremacy in
family conflicts, and the study Sawalhah (2014) which refers to male supremacy in the personal
psychological problems.
Considered the mother is the essential foundation for every family, one of the most
influential in the lives of children, individuals, their absence means a lot of family individuals
and has a negative impact due to the non-existence of the interactive experience between them
and their mother, which is the source of love and compassion, which is working to provide
comprehensive care for children, whether family or health or psychological and others, they offer
to respond to the needs of her children and give them a variety of experiences in this life and the
ability to cope with the problems they are facing, they are working to establish relationships
between family characterized by compassion and tenderness and affection individuals.
The researcher believes that deprive children of their mother produces serious family
problems was the lack of good relations between family individuals and the emergence of
anxiety and stress caused by abnormal relations between them. Perhaps, the mother's absence is
the most infantile thing in a child's life, and the emergence of family conflicts, including showing
emotional chilliness and dryness feelings and not caring for others. Moreover, this deprivation
leads to anxiety and the search for love and the desire for revenge from others and that child who
are deprived of the satisfaction of love and compassion in the early years of age, they tend to
isolation, loneliness, and they stay away from others.
The mother's absence, especially in childhood effects directly and negatively on the
psychological development of children, one main reason for the emergence of emotional
disorders, and the attack on the children to the mother in the early stages of their lives and that
the absence of this attachment to the consequent adverse effects make them lose confidence in
themselves and then to others and lead them to psychological deviations and establish abnormal
relations with others. And that the mother's absence in the early stages of their lives creates their
characters properly is seeking revenge from the society and carry out acts contrary to the values,
customs, and traditions of the society in which they live. This result is consistent with the study

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Nassar (1993), which refers to personality disorders among children deprived from their father,
and Beaty (1995) which indicated the presence of weak personal relationships as a result of
parental absenteeism.
The results indicate that there are gender and parental absenteeism of family conflicts
the interaction, the researcher believes that this is due to the abnormal family, especially those
with absences parents or warn of them, which deprives children of their family life and the
natural environment, making children live in a vicious circle for the inability of parents to do the
performance of their roles to embrace of the children and house them naturally, like any proper
parents live in a normal family. Children who lose their mother does not have to hear them and
cares about their grievances and suffering, the mother is considered the backbone of the family
because they operate on a mood of quiet and tranquility in the natural family and train their
children the required roles for each of them in a family and social life. Parental absenteeism
impedes the ability of children to stay healthy family relationships between them and the others,
the mother's relationship with their children are key to their growth and success in giving them
roles and different things in life diversity a guide to good family relations.
The researcher believes that the parental absenteeism or one of them makes children,
individuals is acceptable in society, which leads them to lack a sense of security and tranquility
and feel miserable and then create a willing to get to the anxiety and stress which create the self-
negative about themselves and do not dispose of them in time lead to a mismatch in stages
subsequent, care absenteeism and parental normality of the main reasons lead to the disorders in
the personality of children. The parental absenteeism or one of the parents in the early years of
their childhood and be a role fate in determining their future. Children living in a natural together
a family where the parent transmits love and the opposite feelings and praise them and therefore
these things reflect high degrees of psychological comfort and tranquility in their lives, on the
contrary, those who did these things saturation they have lived in a family that parental
absenteeism or one parent begin to feel isolation and introversion and loneliness in the
subsequent phases. The mother's absence of the children at young age effects the mental and
emotional growth and thus create personalized unable to resist the emotions and motivations that
lead them to become a victim of emotional disorders and neurotic.
The researcher believes that child who is absence by their parents or one of them are
difficult for them to adapt to those around them in a positive way and have a lower self-
confidence, absence affect personal growth of children and poses a grave threat could lead to a

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personality disorder, absence in all its forms, whether in whole or in part creates the children
who search of who satisfy their needs and is made up their hatred, and negative outlook of the
community, which did not take into account their needs and interests, it begins with these sons
Misfits aggressiveness and the formation of negative feelings toward others. The researcher
believes that the mother's absence of the children and the use of father's authoritarian parenting
styles role in creating the character of children and disorder, and it creates a volatile personality
linguistically or verbally as bumbling and stuttering and words unclear which shows the family
relationships are strained and with severe emotional personalities.
8. Conclusion
The results of the current study are consistent of previous studies used family conflicts
to measure problems: family and psychological, personal thereby is reasonable of concluding
that these results provide some support for the validity of the, they are recommended to be used
in future research and as a diagnostic means by school counselors. These recommendations and
proposals:
1. Draw the attention of educational counselors in schools to follow up cases of students
with family disputes and develop treatment programs for them.
2. To emphasize families by providing a family atmosphere of tolerance, harmony and love
to create a generation of children with emotional balance and personal psychological
stability.
9. Limitations and Future Research

1. Parenting styles and their relationship to fraternal cohesion in families with parents or
divorced mothers.
2. The perception of children (male and female) of family conflicts, comparison between
children in adolescence and university children.
3. The study was limited to adolescents with parental absence from ninth and tenth grade
students in Jordan.
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9. Limitations and Future Research

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