REL 100/RELZ 100
Pyramid pro tecti o fl tenninals
The Pyramid concept for total protection and
controI is based upon state-of-the-art technol-
ogy. This technology includes the useof micro-
processorsand fibre optic interfaces; thus
providing:
~ Improved functiionality
~'ComprehensivE~ self-supervision
~ Communication of load and fault data
~ User-friendlyworkstations
ABB offers protection terminals for all applica-
tions. These terminals are divided into four seri~s:
Series 100 modular terminals, Series 200 multi--
terminals, Series 300 compactterminals and
Series 400 terminal systems.
Series 100 modular terminals
Series 100 includes the following high perfonn-
ance modular tenninals for HV and EHV applica-
tions:
A REG 100 Series for generators
A RET100 Series for transformers
A REL l 00 Series for transmission lines
A REB 100 Series for bus and breakers
These tenninals can be equipped with an interface
to ABB Relays' Substation Controi Systems and
Substation Monitoring System. The RES 100
monitoring and recording systemand the REY 100
testing and simulation system provide efficient
fault analysis and preventive maintenance.
The' Series 100 modular concept
Dedicated hardware/software modules, designed
and tested for each main function~ char cterize the
Series 100 modular concept. The multi rocessor
technique makes it possible to optimiz each
function separately. The basic structure of a termi-
nal comprises the following parts: an 1/ module
with a built in test switch and progr able
output relays; a measuring module for ach main
protection and measuring function; a re ording
module for1ocal storage of data and ev nts and a
MMI module for local display of event , load and
fallIt data as weIl as for parameter setti gs.
The intelligent protection terminal
The main objective for power system p otection is
to ensure dependabletripping for all in mal fallIts
and to secure against unwanted trippin for other
conditions.
The Series 100 combines advanced n eric al
algorithms for all complex measureme ts and weIl
proven, ultra high speedanalogue fallIt detection
to fulfil these objectives for single or d plicated
protection schemes.
Workstations with software tools for e operator,
the relay engineer and the service engi eer offer
many new possibilities to obtain reliabl power
system protection, improved operation nd
monitoring as weIl as simplified install tion and
maintenance.
 REL 100/RELZ 100

Ll Performance for (Jpplication on any voltage level

as stand alone unit or as part of the PYRAMIDI
concept
d Consistent short operating time provides improved
selectivity
Ll Maintained high [:>erformance with CVT
Ll Complete full schleme with continuous evaluation
of all fault loops ir. all zones gives short operartion
time, covers evotving faults and faults betwelen
lines in double-circuit line applications
Ll No restriction betlNeen the reach in different ;zones
enables optimized setting in short-long line
combinations

The REL 100 Series of transmission line protec- .

REL 100 includes the following protecti n
tian terminals for HV and EHV applications are functions:
based on the RELZ 100 numerical distance -numerical full scheme distance p otection
protection. RELZ 100 is a full schememulti- -directional or nondirectional e -fallit
processor distance protection, providing short protection
consistent operating times for all types of faults. -stub and overload protection
RELZ 100 is designed for lise in HV and EHV REL 100 includes logic functions, such :
applications and includes a numerical CVT filter -phase selection
whichensures no overreach and negligible delay -power swing blocking
in operating times when CVTs are used. -communication logic
RELZ 100 has individual measuring elements for -inse failure supervision
all fault types and all zones. The relay REL 100 includes complementary functi ns such
continuously evaluates all phase-phaseloops, all as:
phase-earthloops as weIl as the direction in all -fallIt location
loops, both forward and reverse, simultaneously. -fallIt recording
RELZ 100 has a quadrilateral measuring charac- -display of service values
teristic with cofnpletely independent settings for -disturbance recording
reactive and resistive Teachfor all zones as weIl as -autoreclosing
different resistive Teachsetting for phase-phase -synchro-check
and phase-earthmeasuremerit.

~
 REL 100/RELZ 100

Multi-processor design and extensive self-

supervision gives high security and dependability
for improved power system operation

A Multi-processor technique enables fast prO!gram

execution without interrupt routines, providilng
short operating jtime and high security

A. Standardized dE~signwith individual measulring

processors for separate functions ensures
completely tested, user selected configuration

A. Several measuring processor options are Q1iailable

for RELZ100 or a:s complementary units in the
REL 100terminals, making the protectionsurtable
for any application without externallogic olr
customer specific programming

If an internal fallit is detected the relay blocks

itself and gives an alaml which means that false
trips may be avoided and that a faulty relay can be
repaired beföre the defect is recognized by the lack
of a trip.
RELZ 100 uses a multi-processor design with
three signal processors for the basic distance
protection function and up to three additionai
signal processors performing the optional
functions. Only fallits in the vital measurement
parts of the protection causesblock of the relay.
- processors in paralIeI with the distance
I RELZ 100 has great flexibility regardin setting
~
Any erfor detected in Olle of the OPtion proces-
sors will only block the faulty processo while the
?asic distance protection will still remai in serv-
Ice.
A RELZ 100 with all options (a total of six signal
processors)provides about 52 MIPS (M ga
Instructions Per Second).
The basic distance protection is not infl enced by
the DumheTof optional functions activat d as these
functions are performed in separateme uring
measurement.
ranges, selection of optional functions e c.
Configuration of the required functions or the
actual application is done by the setting f relay
parameters.

Self-
~
supervision
IlP4
Option 1

I1P
Disturbance
recorder , .,

Memory

RELZ 100 design. 1 00 full scheme distance measurem~nt

4

~
""RELZ
Ll
 REL 100/RELZ 100

il Numerical filtering technique for measuremE~nt

A Uniimited directional discrimination for all ty~)es

of faults includin~J evolving faults

35 ms maximum operating time for 3-phase

faults at SIR<lO al1d 80% of set reach
'"
il 5% maximum dy'namical overreach even w'ith
CVT and 00 fault inception angle

L\ Accurate fault lo:ator built-in as option

The impedance measurementis done in fault loop

equations, using complex values of voltage,
current and change in current.
In order to maintain definite directional mea-
surement for faults close to the relaying point, the
loop voltage signal is used in conjunction with a
phase locked positive sequencememory system
which lasts for about 100 ms. When the memory
timeexpires, the directional information which has
been determined is sealed in until the fault current
stops flowing. The circuit is then reset when
normal voltage is restored. The relay thus ensures
correct back-up operation of time-delayed zones.
The numerical measuring technique in RELZ 100
ensures correct performance during CT saturation
with defined operating times having minimal
Fault locator calculation.
The numerical filtering techniquein RE Z 100
makes the relay insensitive to CVT trans ents and
the fallIt inception angle, providing high er-
formance for all fallIt conditions
By using the weIl proven RANZA algori ,
converted into Olle signal processor, RE Z 100 is
equipped with a very accurate fallIt locat r. The
calculation algorithm takes into consider tion the
influence of load currents and double-en infeed
on the apparentfallit resistance. The faul locator
option also provides display of service v ues and
fallit recording showing pre-fallit and fa lt quanti-

-~~-._~
dependenceon fault type and SIR. ties for the last three events.

oi,

Q,z.

RELZ 100 operating time.

Il
~
 REL 100/RELZ 100

Quadrilateral (~t\aracteristic for maximum fault

detection capability and load discriminaticln

Logic for six different communication schernes is

built in, includin~J unblocking, weak infeed land
current reversallogic

A '1'rue reverse zone ensures fast, secure and reliable

current reversal detection on double-circuij~ lines

il Current reversal and weak infeed logic is

available for the! directional earth-fault proh~ction
as weil

RELZ 100 has three forward zones and Olle The directional earth-fallIt protection ha a
reverse zone, with quadri1ateralcharacteristics. separateinput and output for carrier sign s in cage
lndividual setting of reactive and resistive Teach RELZ 100 is used in an application whe zero
for all forward measuring zones enables optimized sequenceand positive sequencecurrents can have
application for all line lengths as weIl as for single different directions for the same fallIt or n
and double-circuit lines. appIications working with echo function at weak-
Load compensation and individual characteristics end infeed. For other appIications the c .er input
for phase-phasefaults and phase-earthfaults and output signals from the directional e fallIt
extends the capability tö detect high resistive earth protection can be connected to the same hanneI as
faults. The full schemecharacteristic, without zero used by the distance protection. The dire tionaI
sequencecompensation of the resistive blinder earth fallit protection is coordinated with the
enables detection of high resistive earth faults up distance measurementso that singIe-pha e tripping
to 80% of minimum load impedance. The built-in is achieved when the fallIt is detected by he
directional or nondirectional earth fault protection distance protection.
is used for detection of very high resistive faults
that cannot be detected by distance measurement.
r
The six communication schemesinclude permis-
sive underreaching, permissive overreaching and
blocking schemes.The full schemecharacteristic
with non-switched zones makes it possible to use
zone 1 as an underreaching channel independent
zone at the same time as an overreaching scheme
is used. RELZ 100 can of course also be used
with out communication in a normal, stepped
distance scheme.The required scheme is selected
as asetting parameter.
RELZ 100 includes a very reliable logic which
efficiently eliminates the problem of current
reversals by using a true reverse zone. Current
reversal occurs at sequential tripping of aparalIeI
line. This may cause difficulties for an
overreaching schemes.
Separate setting for ph-ph measuring and p~ -earth
measuring. Separate setting of zero sequen e
compensation factor per zone. Load compe sated.

d
~
Ll
 REL 100/RELZ 100

Man -machine-interfac
A. Alarm and trip art~ indicated by LEDson the front

11 Back -lit display for clear legibility

d Built-in, self-explanitory Man-Machine-lnterfcJce

enables fast settirlg and makes the comprehlen-
sive stored information easily available
"
L\ Extensive fault rec:ording is available

Ll Serial communic(]tion to SCS and/or SMS

The basic information that the felar has operated

is shown on LED' s. More comprehensive in-
formation is then automatically displayed on the
MMI-unit, RTIA, in two rows, with space for
Mr.JI1unit, RTIA.
sixteen characters each.
The handling of the buiIt-in MMI-unit, RTIA, is During normal service, actualIoad values such as
extremely simple. The user can, without special current, voltage, active and reactive powe and
knowledge, use the pushbuttons on the front to frequency, can be displayed.
move through the menu tree. All setting and
RELZ 100 has two optical communicatio ports
configuration can be done from the front via the
for the transfer of setting parameters, serv ce
MMlunit. Setting parameters are entered directly
values, fallit records, indications, etc. Olle is
in secondary values giving long term stability and
intended for SCS (Substation Controi Sys em) and
enabling easy verification during testing.
Olle for SMS (Substation Monitoring Syst m).
The last three events are stored and indications are lndications and fallit records for the I~st ee
automatically displayed. The fallIt locator option events are avaiIabIe.
also provides fallIt recording data, prefauIt
voItages and currents as well as fallIt voItages and
currents for po&t-fauIt analysis.

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Substation monitoring system -RDIAL1.

~
Line protectionRt~=~ functionJ
The basic RELZ 100 line protection provides
the following functions:
~ full schemenumericaldistancemeasurement
~ threephasetripping
~ threeforward and Ollereversezone
~ contactoperatedswitchonto fallIt protection
å- 6 communicationschemes
~ currentreversallogic
~ man-machine-interface RnA
~ built-in self-supervision

The following options are available for

RELZ 100:
A RLKG100 output unit with 16 additional
selectable signalling contacts
A RTDC100 communication module for
SCS/SMS senal communication
Option 1 The following versions of RELZ 100 re avail-
A phase selection able:
A weak infeed logic Version A RELZ 100 Basic
A power swing blocking
Version B RELZ 100 Basic + Option 1
A stub protection
A automatic initiation of switch-onto Version C RELZ 100 Basic + Option
fallit protection Version D RELZ 100 Basic + Option 1 +
A system supervision for detection of Option 2
overioad, broken conductors and loss
of voltage Version E RELZ 100 Basic + Option 1 +
A fuse failure supervision Option 3
A synchrQ-checkand voltage check
Option 2
Version F RELZ 100 Basic + Option ~+
Option 2 + Option 3
A directional or non-directional earth-:fault
All versions can be supplied with RLK 100 and
protection
A current.reversallogic RTDC 100.
A weak infeed logic
Option 3
A distance to fallit locator
A display of load values, U, I, P, Q, f
A fallit recording, prefault and fault
currents and voltages

1MDS06004-EN

ABB Network Partner AB ABB Transmit Oy ABB Network Partner Ltd ABB Power T& Co.
8-72171 Västerås Relays and Network Controi Haselstrasse 16/122 Relays
8weden P.O. Box 699 CH-5401 Baden Goral Springs, F 33065
Tel +4621 321300 FIN-651 01 Vaasa Switzerland USA
Fax +4621 14 69 18 Tel +35861 3160 Tel +41 562057744 Tel + 1 305 6700
Fax +358613161599 Fax +41 56205 55 77 Fax +1 305 6700
2283