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Antidotes
An antidote is an agent which counteracts a poison. In the treatment of acute
poisoning most patients require only supportive and symptomatic therapy. The active
removal of poisons from the stomach by gastric lavage or emesis induction is done
by the administration of substances like activated charcoal by mouth to reduce the
absorption.
Techniques used to promote the elimination of poisons from the body such as forced
diuresis, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion are employed for a limited number of
poisons. There are some specific antidotes and their use in appropriate
circumstances can be life-saving. Such use does not preclude relevant supportive
and symptomatic treatment.
2) Metabolic conversion.
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Classification of Antidotes
Depending on their action, antidotes are classified as:
1) Chemical Antidotes: Chemical antidotes are the agents which change the
chemical nature of poison. For example, sodium thiosulphate which changes toxic
cyanide to the non-toxic thiocyanate; sodium calcium edetate chelates agents used
for heavy metal poison.
Therapeutic Uses
Antidotes are used in treatment of poisoning as well as in case of over dose of
drugs.
Following are the examples of antidotes which are used for treating poisoning:
Poison/Drug (Antidote)
3-Opioids (Naloxone)
5-Benzodiazepines (Flumazenil)
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12-Beta-Blockers
Propranolol, Sotalol) (Calcium Gluconate and/or Glucagon)
13-Isoniazid (Pyridoxine)
14-Atropine (Physostigmine)
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