Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
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2
Physical and chemical labora-
Melting process
tories
Facilities for spectrographic analy-
ses, gas chromatography, viscosity Analysis
(initial specimen)
measurements, metallography and
Melting
various types of heat treatment operation manager
X-ray fluorescence
spectrometer
Gas analysis
yes
no
That is why we produce most of yes
well as a fluid flow system for estab- from the start of the melting pro-
cess. Quality control flow chart for high-
lishing the corrosion resistance of
alloy steel castings
materials
A solid chain of quality checks at
all stages, from the raw material
to the finished product, is one con-
dition for producing flawless, high-
quality components that precisely
match predefined alloy compositi-
ons. A digital data processing and
documentation system, which pro-
vides us with the high degree of
data availability and reliability we
need, is another.
3
Cast Materials at a Glance
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Cu Others
Martensitic steel GX4CrNi13-4 1.4317 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.0 13.0 4.0 ≤ 0.7 SEW 520
Austenitic steel GX5CrNiNb19-11 1.4552 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 19.0 10.0 Nb≥8x%C EN 10213
GX5CrNiMoNb19-11-2 1.4581 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 19.0 11.5 2.3 Nb≥8x%C EN 10213
GX5CrNi19-10 1.4308 ≤ 0.07 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 19.0 10.0 EN 10213
GX5CrNiMo19-11-2 1.4408 ≤ 0.07 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 19.0 11.0 2.3 EN 10213
NORINOX ®
GX3CrNiMo19-11-2 (1.4409) ≤ 0.04 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 19.0 11.0 2.3 KSB MIC 1)
2715
NORILIUM® GX3NiCrMoCu25-20-5 (1.4539) ≤ 0.03 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 20.0 25.0 4.5 1.5 N KSB MIC 1)
2765
NORICID® GX3CrNiSiN20-13-5 9.4306 ≤ 0.04 4.5 4.5 20.0 13.0 ≤ 0.2 N KSB MIC 1)
2872
NORIDUR® GX3CrNiMoCuN24-6-2-3 1.4593 ≤ 0.04 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 25.0 6.0 2.5 3.0 N KSB MIC 1)
2745
NORICLOR® GX3CrNiMoCuN24-6-5 1.4573 ≤ 0.04 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.0 24.0 6.0 5.0 2.0 N KSB MIC 1)
2747
1)
MIC= material identification code
Cast copper-base alloys Maximum single weight: 2500 kg
Cu Ni Al Sn Fe Si Mn Others
Bronze CuSn10-C-GS CC480K-GS 89.0 ≤ 2.0 10.0 ≤ 0.2 Pb ≤1.0;Zn≤0.5 EN 1982
Aluminium bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C-GS CC333G-GS ≥ 76.0 5.2 10.0 4.5 3.0 Total ≤ 0.8 EN 1982
Heat treatment: G = annealed N = normalized Microstructure: F = ferrite M = martensite C = carbides
V = quenched and tempered L = solution-annealed and quenched P = perlite A = austenite B = bainite
4
Equivalent to Mechanical properties (reference values) Heat Micro- Weld- Comments
Hardness 0,2% Yield Tensile Percent Notched treatment structure ability
strength strength elongation bar impact
energy
ASTM AFNOR N/mm2 N/mm2 % J(ISO-V)
5
Overview of KSB Cast Materials
KSB’s research has culminated in rosion-resistant materials. Pumps the most severe service conditions.
the development of the NORI® and valves made of these special
series, a group of wear- and/or cor- materials perform well even under
6
Overview of KSB Cast Materials
Norihard®
Noriloy®
Noricrom®
Wear resistance
Noridur® DAS
ERN
Noriclor®
Noridur®
Norinox® Noricid®
Corrosion resistance
7
ERN
Weldability:
ERN cannot be welded.
Mechanical properties: Reference values at room temperature
Tensile strength Rm (N/mm2) –
2
Yield strength Rp0.2 (N/mm ) – Application:
Elongation at failure A5 (%) – ERN is used for chemically non-
Reduction of area Z (%) – aggressive fluids low in abrasive
ISO-V notch impact energy AV (J) – solids content.
3/2
Fracture toughness KIC (N/mm ) – Typical applications are municipal
Vickers hardness HV 50 ≥ 300 waste water, sinter water (maxi-
mum scale content 3 g/l), water
containing granulated material,
milk of lime and industrial effluent.
Wear resistance:
60 Test duration: 2 h
Speed: 3000 min-1
50 Specimen size: Ø 55 x 5 cm
40
30
JL 1040 (GG-25)
20
GG-Ni 1.5
10
ERN
0
Abrasion rates of various cast materials exposed
to hydroabrasive wear
8
Norihard®
Norihard®
20
10
9
Noriloy®
80
Test duration: 2 h
Yield strength Rp0.2 (N/mm2) – 70
Speed: 3000 min-1
GX 5 CrNiMo 19-11-2
60 Specimen size: Ø 55 x 5 cm
GX 40 CrNiMo 27-5
JL 1040 (GG-25)
30
ISO-V notch impact energy AV (J) –
Norihard®
Noriloy®
20
Fracture toughness KIC (N/mm3/2) ≥ 25
ERN
10
10
Noridur® DAS
Designation: Products:
GX3CrNiMoCuN24-6-2-3 Castings with a maximum single
specially heat-treated weight of 1 ton
60 Test duration: 2 h
Noridur® DAS
50 Specimen size: Ø 55 x 5 cm
Noriclor® 1.4573
40
Noricrom®
11
Noricrom®
Designation: Products:
GX150CrNiMoCuN41-6-2 Castings with a maximum single
Material number: 1.4475 weight of 1 ton
Weldability:
Chemical composition: Components of Noricrom® cannot
(Reference values, wt. %) be welded
C 1.4 – 1.7
Corrosion resistance:
Si ≤ 1.0
Mn ≤ 1.0 Material Corrosion Microstructure: ferritic-austenitic
rate matrix with primary carbides
Cr 39.5 – 42.0
(mm/a)
Ni 5.0 – 7.0
Mo 2.0 – 3.0 Noridur® 1.4593 < 0.01
Application:
Cu ≤ 1.20 Noricrom® 1.4475 < 0.01
Noricrom® 1.4475 is, for example,
N 0.1 – 0.2 Noridur® DAS 0.08 used in flue gas desulphurization
GX 40 CrNiMo 27-5 processes involving highly acidic,
Description: (1.4464) 0.3 chloride-containing fluids with high
®
• Noricrom is a triplex stainless solids contents.
steel with a ferritic-austenitic Test conditions:
matrix and a carbide content of Exposure tests
approximately 30% by volume. Test medium: 0.1 n HCl (O2-free)
• The balanced formation of the pH: 1.0
multi-phase microstructure is the Temperature: 60 °C
result of special heat treatment.
Field test results:
• The carbides in the matrix form
a dense, net-like structure, which Material Material Gypsum suspension
number Chloride content: up to 70,000 ppm
accounts for the material’s opti- pH: > 4, T: 65 °C
mum wear resistance. Solids content: 25 % by weight
• The high chrome and molybde- Impeller Impeller (n = 740 min-1)
num contents provide excellent KWP K 125-400 KWP K 600–823
corrosion resistance in highly (n = 1480 min-1) highest lowest
acidic, chloride-containing media. spray level spray level
• There is no need for special com- GX4CrNiMoCu24-6-2-3 1.4593 – 8,000 h 10,000 h
ponent designs or configurations. Noridur® DAS – 12,000 h 20,000 h 30,000 h
• The material is protected by Noricrom® 1) 1.4475 > 70,000 h 45,000 h 65,000 h
patent (patent number Total service life of pumps as a function of their materials of construction
EP 0 760 019 B1). 1)
Projection based on practical experience
50 Specimen size: Ø 55 x 5 cm
Noriclor® 1.4573
Noridur® 1.4593
Norihard®
20
ISO-V notch impact energy AV (J) –
10
Fracture toughness KIC (N/mm3/2) ≥ 30 0
Abrasion rates of various cast materials
Vickers hardness HV 50 ≥ 350 exposed to hydroabrasive wear
12
Norinox®
Description: Weldability:
Notch impact energy at low
• Norinox® is an austenitic stainless Using compatible filler metals and
temperatures (ISO-V notched
steel. one of the welding processes com-
specimen):
• It is comparable to low-carbon monly used for austenitic high-alloy
steel quality CF 3M to ANSI/ steels, components of Norinox® can 200
Variation
ASTM A351/A743. be easily welded. Thanks to the range
• Average carbon content 0.032 material’s very low carbon content,
150
±0.006 % by weight (KSB ladle it is not necessary to solution-
analysis reports) anneal the product after production
• After solution-annealing, welding provided the appropriate 100
® welding parameters are observed.
Norinox is fully resistant to Minimum value to
intergranular corrosion thanks to EN 10283
50
its low carbon content. Application: –200 –150 –100 –50 0 RT 50
• As per the Application Expertise Norinox® covers a wide application
of TÜV Bavaria (German Asso- spectrum for pumps and valves
13
Noridur®
14
Noriclor®
15
Noricid®
Designation:
GX3CrNiSiN20-13-5 Products:
Material number: 9.4306 Castings with a maximum single
weight of 2.0 tons
Chemical composition:
(Reference values, wt. %) Weldability:
C ≤ 0.04 Using compatible filler metals and
Si 4.0 – 5.0 an appropriate welding process,
Mn 4.0 – 5.0 components of Noricid® can be
Cr 19.0 – 21.0 easily welded. Thanks to the Microstructure: austenitic matrix
Ni 12.0 – 14.0 material’s very low carbon content, containing approximately 10–15%
Mo ≤ 0.2 it is not necessary to solution- delta ferrite
Cu – anneal the product after production
N ≤ 0.15 welding provided the relevant weld-
ing parameters are observed.
Description:
• Noricid® is a special austenitic Application:
stainless steel characterized by a Noricid® is used for handling highly
high resistance to oxidizing acids. oxidizing acids such as concentra-
• In 80 – 98% boiling nitric acids ted nitric, chromic or sulphuric
it is clearly superior to standard- acid.
ized austenitic stainless steels of
Corrosion resistance:
the variety containing 18% chro-
6.0
mium and 10% nickel.
4.0 Noricid® 9.4306
• Its high resistance to oxidizing Norisil® 9.4306-Si 1)
Test melt with 6.5% Si
acids results from SiO2 2.0 Material 1.4308,
protective layers. G-X6 CrNi 18 9 ASTM A743 CF8
• The very low carbon content of 1.0
Linear corrosion rate VL (mm a–1)
0.8
Noricid® warrants its resistance
0.6
to intergranular corrosion. 0.4
16
Casting Competence Around the World
Germany
USA
China
Pakistan
Mexico India
Indonesia
Brazil
17
Cement Transport
Sugar Production
KSB knows how to build extremely from precipitation-hardened Nori- ed when fossil fuels such as wood,
®
hard-wearing and corrosion-resis- dur DAS have been successfully coal and mineral oil are burned,
tant scrubber pumps. Pumps made employed in the flue gas is “scrubbed“ with a ground lime-
desulphurization stone / water suspension and trans-
systems of fossil formed to gypsum. As scrubber
fuel-fired power sta- systems are commonly operated
tions around the continuously for many years at
world for decades. a time, the pumps installed in
With the help of these systems have to be extremely
these pumps, sulphur durable and resistant.
dioxide (SO2), the
so-called greenhouse
gas, which is produc-
18
Chemical and Process Engineering
Seawater Desalination
19
THE PUMP AND VALVE SPECIALIST KSB OFFERS WORLDWIDE ...
bdf
06/02
0141.03/8-10
KSB Aktiengesellschaft
Materials Technology • Bahnhofplatz 1 • 91257 Pegnitz (Germany)
Tel. +49 (92 41) 71 16 93 • Fax +49 (92 41) 71 17 82 • e-mail: materials@ksb.com, www.ksb.com