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Abstract— The HC2D barcode is a highest capacity of 2D 7,250 numeric characters, 10,100 ASCII characters. HC2D
barcode while it occupies a small area. The size of the HC2D barcode use the Reed-Solomon [6] error correction which can
barcode is suitable for displaying on print media such as paper detect and correct multiple errors and HC2D barcode have an
and poster. But, for reading the HC2D barcode, the bit option to compression data it’s powerful for a large of data.
representation of the barcode is obtained by scanning the image HC2D barcode can be read by standard scanners machine. The
of the barcode with scanner machine only. This paper shows the HC2D barcode is a greater capacity than other 2D barcodes.
implementations of image reorganization of HC2D barcodes in Moreover, the shape of HC2D barcode is suitable for use with
mobile phones with android operating system. The mobile phone paper documents or print media. The HC2D barcode are shown
system used here consists of a camera, mobile application and
in Fig. 1.
display device, and the source image is captured by the
embedded camera device. The introduced algorithm is based on
the code area found by two vertical line, one horizontal line and
dash line detection of HC2D barcode. This algorithm is robust
for the real-time recognition of the HC2D barcodes and an
average recognition rate is 91.33%.
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2014 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)
III. ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION image sharpening technicians, it can be described by this
formula.
Regardless of the design of the two-dimensional barcode,
there will be errors. The image of the barcode may be
damaged or unclear. In other words, the barcode obtained
from scanning differs from the original. Therefore, it is
essential to be able to detect and correct errors which may
occur. There are many techniques for error detection and
correction. A multiple bits error correction method based on
cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The error correction which is
widely used is Reed-Solomon code. This is because it is Where explains the pixel value of a grayscale
easier to encode than other encoding techniques and the error image. From above formula, the Laplacian operator indicate
the kind of one pixel relation to its enclosing four pixels. When
correction code is small. Moreover, error detection and error
it is used to get the sharpened image, the sharpened pixel value
correction can be performed quickly and efficiently. Reed- is
Solomon codes are prominently used in consumer electronics
such as CDs DVDs, and Blue-ray Discs. The Reed-Solomon
error correction is also used in two-dimensional barcodes such
as PDF417 barcode, Data matrix, Maxi Code, QR Code and
Aztec Code. This allows correct reading even though a Where k is parameter about with scatter effect, and it
portion of the barcode is damaged. should be chosen reasonably conforming to the practice
situations, since it affects the sharpening effect directly.
IV. BARCODE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM
3)Image binarization: its means that researcher should
In the process of HC2D barcode recognition, researcher convert the grayscale image into binary image through the
suppose that each image taken by the camera device of mobile threshold conversion ideas. For the binarization a dynamic
phone should have the completed HC2D barcode for lower the threshold is needed, also, it is very essential. Researcher are
computation. The HC2D barcode expected algorithm, as most involved about the HC2D barcode in the entire image, so
characterize in Fig. 3, is split into three section: image pre- researcher get an image of 80*80 pixels in the canter, after that
processing, edge detection, and image decoding. researcher get the grey histogram, finally, researcher get the
threshold T through the two-peak method. The threshold T can
Barcode image Image pre- productively divide bars and empty bars of the HC2D barcode.
processing In conformity with the following formula researcher will get
the binary image g(x,y).
Edge
Detection
4)Median filtering: There are a lot of noise in the binary
image because the brightness of the master image are not well-
formed and the background images are not the identical, not
Image only in the area of the barcode, but also in the outside of the
Data Decoding area. For obtain the appropriate barcode, then researcher use
some filter processing. Since the characteristic of the HC2D
barcode, median filtering is a good method. First of all,
researcher get another four pixels approximately the pixel
Fig. 3. The HC2D barcode expected algorithm
which will be processed, two in the above and two in the
A. Image Pre-processing following; then, researcher sort the five pixels; at last,
1)Grey-scale processing: It serves the arrangements for the researcher use the median instead of the current pixel. In this
threshold of the digital image transformation. Grey characterize way, salt and pepper noise is eliminated, and background area
any shade between black and white collectively, white, black of the noise can be quiet.
and the range of greys between them are known as achromatic
colors or neutral colors. B. Edge Detection
2)Image sharpening: in consideration to make the image Edge detection is a basic tool used in most image
become clearer, researcher do some sharpening process to the processing applications to get data from the frames as a
blurred HC2D barcode image. The significance of the blurred predecessor step to feature extraction and object segmentation.
image is the attenuating of the high frequency component. So Since the characteristic of the HC2D barcode, researcher use
researcher apply laplacian [7] sharpening algorithm to sharpen vertical-based edge detection and horizontal-based edge
the grey scale image. Laplacian operator is generally used detection operators. The pixel which will be detected is
determined by ten nearness pixels. The value of S(x,y) is
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2014 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)
complete of the sum of ten modules. Since the edge detection your conference for the name of your paper. In this newly
image is a binary image, ether white (255) or black (0), created file, highlight all of the contents and import your
researcher set the criterion t = 255 X 4 = 1020, so if the pixel prepared text file. You are now ready to style your paper; use
is called an edge, there are must at least four black and white the scroll down window on the left of the MS Word Formatting
mutations in this nearness. In conformity with the following toolbar.
formula researcher obtain the binary image h(x,y). To perform experiments, researcher implement an
algorithm in the platform of Android 4.3 on Mac OS by using
the language of Java, then import the program to Samsung
galaxy note 3. This experiment take 600 images by using the
Samsung galaxy note 3 in different places and lighting
conditions, 150 of them are taken in the room during the
daytime, 150 of them are taken outdoors during the day, 150 of
them are taken in the room at night, others are taken outdoors
After detected edge of HC2D barcode, then go to the top at night. From the 600 images, 52 of them cannot be decoded
of left edge and read the dash line on the top of HC2D barcode correctly, with an average recognition rate of 91.33%. The
for sampling the column width. results are shown in Table 1.
C. Image Decoding The falsity come from two reason: One is from the image
For reading the HC2D barcode, the bit representation of the light, because of the recognition exactitude of the boundary
barcode is obtained by scanning the image of the barcode by between the black and white parts, the lighting situation are
camera device of mobile phone and converting the image. very essential. The other is the form of the image, if the image
After obtaining the barcode which may be damaged, the Reed- is a severely distorted one, it will get the incorrect consequence
Solomon error correction is performed. If the original data was after edge detection and image segmentation, not to claim the
previously compressed, the resulting data is then exact barcode. Fig. 5 shows an example of experimental results
uncompressed. If there is an error in correcting the code, data using our algorithm.
decompression will generate an error. Otherwise, the original
data will be obtained. The process for reading the HC2D TABLE I. THE RESULTS OF HC2D BARCODE RECOGNITION
barcode is shown in Fig. 4.
Data items Images Correct Recognition
decoding rate
HC2D Barcode In the room
(daytime) 150 138 92%
Outdoors
(daytime) 150 140 93.33%
Reed-Solomon In the room
(night) 150 136 90.67%
Outdoors
Uncompressing (night) 150 134 89.33%
Message
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2014 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)
VI. CONCLUSION [3] L. Biao, “A DataMatrix-based mutant code design and recognition
method research”, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on
This paper presented an algorithm for HC2D barcode image and graphics., pp. 570-574, Aug. 2007.
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our algorithm has a high recognition rate. In the next, Authentication using Digital Signature and QR Code”,
researcher will make the HC2D barcode recognition more [5] International Proceedings of Computer Science and Information
exact and helpful for improving the algorithm to retreat the Technology, ISSN 2010-460X, International Conference on Computer
decoding time. Engineer-ing and Technology., pp. 94-98, vol. 40, Jun. 2012.
[6] P. Subpratatsavee and P. Kuacharoen, “An Implementation of a High
Capacity 2D Barcode”, Communications in Computer and Information
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